8th Grade US history STAAR review

4th president of US Main author of the US Constitution during the War of 1812

2nd president of US Helpes negotiate Treaty of Paris, ending the American Revolution

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Warm climate, rich soil, long growing season Farming and agriculture

NewYork, Pennsylvania,New Jersey, Delaware Fertile soil, milder climate than New England Diverse, tolerant

Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine Cold climate and rocky soil Shipbuilding, trade,and fishing

Civil War Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln

Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson Lewis and Clark

Constitutional Convention James Madison George Washington

Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson John Hancock

Jamestown,Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) John Smith

Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker after leaving Massachusetts

Founded in 1680 by William Penn Promoted tolerance and equality

Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe as a debtor's colony

Agreement among male pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in which they pledged loyalty to England and promised to obey the laws of the colony; formed a "civil body politic" for "our better ordering and preservations"

Created in Virginia in1619 First representative government in the colonies

First written constitution in America Adopted in 1639

George Washington gains national prominence England gains control of more territory War plunges England into debt Proclamation of 1763 states that colonists CANNOT settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution Elected 1st President of the US in 1789

Author of the Declaration of Independence Elected 3rd President of US in 1800

Publisher and inventor Respected statesman who guided the colonies toward independence Helped convince France to support America during the Revolutionary War

Patriot Delivered "Give me liberty, or give me death" speech in the Virginia Houseof Burgesses in March, 1775

Author of "Common Sense" which was instrumental in convincing colonists to support the revolution against Britain

Written by Thomas Jefferson Lists colonial grievances against King George Justifies the colonies breaking away from England

Britsih taxed colonies heavily for revenue to pay for the French and Indin War "No taxation without representation"-colonists resented being taxed without having a representative in Parliament Tax Acts including: Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Tea Act angered colonists Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)

Turning point of Revolution French enter war as American allies

Major British defeat that effectively ends the war

Ends the war! Britain forced to recognize American independence

1215 Limited the power of the king Provided trial by jury

1689 Influenced the Constitution by forbidding cruel and unusual punishment Granted the right to bear arms Laws must be passed by the legislative branch Taxes must be approved by the legislative branch

1781 The first form of government established by the 13 colonies Articles were replaced by the US Constitution because the Articles had a weak central government

1787 Established an ordely expansion to western territory 1st attempt by the US to stop spread of slavery New states given the same rights and privelages as previous states

Opposed ratification of the Constitution Supported a Bill of Rights Ex: Patrick Henry and George Mason

Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company Colony was saved by tobacco

System of government where citizens are represented by elected leaders

First battle of revolution "Shot heard 'round the world"

Author of Federalist Papers 1st secretary of the treasury under Washington

to formally approve Fact: to go into effect, 9 of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution

Represntation: All states get 2 votes in the Senate Number of votes in the house determined by state population

Enforces laws

Interprets laws

A system where the people vote for elected representatives to run the government

1st 10 amendments of the Constitution Protect individual rights and liberties Necessary in order for some states to ratify the Constitution

Makes sure no branch of government becomes too powerful

Power of the government is restricted by the Constitution-"No one is above the law"

Warned against political parties and forming alliances with foreign countries

Closed Americas to further European colonization In exchange, US promised to stay out of European affairs

British attack Washington, D.C. British retreat from Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD Francis Scott Key writes The Star Spangled Banner Andrew Jackson wins the battle of New Orleans

Idea of spreading political power to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule

Forced removal of Cherokee Indians from their homes to resettle in the west

Jackson removes federal funds from nationl bank, forcing it into bankruptcy

1803 Purchased by President Jefferson from France Doubled the size of the US

1845 Joined US as 28th state

1848 California and New Mexico sold to the US for $15 Million after the Mexican-American War

1850 Established as a territory Brigham Young becomes Governor

Encouraged settlement in the west Created thousands of new jobs

1819 States cannot tax a federal bank

1824 Congress has authority to regulate interstate and intrastate trade

Cousin to John Adams Patriot Leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty

Separation of powers

Pilgrims Plymouth Mayflower Compact Willam Bradford

An economic system that promoted thr growth of a country's economy through a favorable balance of trade Goal was to build wealth by exploiting the natural reaources of colonial territories

Ruler of Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War

Americans who supported declaring independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution

Supported ratification of Constitution and the creation of a strong central government Ex: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay

1787-1788 Essays written to encouage ratification of the Constitution Authors included Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

Intro to the Constitution that states its purpose

Slavery: Each slave counts as 3/5 of a person for taxtation and representation in the house

Divides the powers of the federal government into 3 branches Legislative Executive Judicial

Makes laws

Power is shared between states and national government

Basic rights and liberties of all citiens as guaranteed in the Bill of Rights

People hold supreme power

1803 Established Judicial Review giving Supreme Court authority to decideif laws are constitutional or not

Belief that the US was destined to stretch across the continent

1859 33rd state

1853 Purchased from Mexico for $10 Million

Founded in 1620 by Pilgrims for religious freedom and tolerance

tax on imports

Americans who supported Great Britain during the American Revolution

Washington struggled to keep the Continental Army together

Laws of nature

Natural rights

To approve

delegates from 13 stats drafted the US Constitution in Philadelphia, PA

Rights that cannot be taken away without due process Such as: life, liberty, and th pursuit of happiness

Movement of people from one location to another

Movement of people into a country frim another country

Exchange of crops, animals, disease, and ideas of different cultures after Europeans landed in the Americas

Farmer produces just enough to support himself and his family wih little left for purchasing manufactured goods

System by whcih people can conduct business free from government control except for reasonable regulations made for the general good

Broke up Native American reservations

Gave free land to settlers who would live on the land for 5 years Encouraged thousands to the Great Plains

Funded public colleges focused on agriculture and mechanical arts

Made former slaves citizensand gave equal protection under th law for all citizens

African American males are given the right to vote

Abolished slavery in the US

1st Africsn American elected to the Senate

Wanted Congress, not the President to control a tougher, more extreme approach

Period after Civil War in US when southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House and South loses war Southern economy is ruined Northern economy becomes stronger Reconstruction begins

April 9,1865 Lee surrenders to Grant Grants shows mercy ad respect to Lee and his troops

July 1863 Confederates surrender Union holds Mississippi River

July 1-4, 1863 Surprise battle in Pennsylvania Lee retreats

Septembr 17, 1862 Bloodiest day of the war Lee retreats Licoln decides to take action against slavery

April 12-14, 1861 Confederate forces attack US fort in South Carolina

Philip Bazzar William Carney

1863 Document declaring that all slaves in th South were free

1863 2 minute speech uniting Americans Expressed what war was about "government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."

1863 President of US during Civil War First Republican President Election resulted in South's secession from Union Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865

1861 President of Confederacy compared secession to divorce between husband and wife

Supreme Court decision which Dred Scott (a slave) was considered propertt, and not a citizen- therefore had no right to bring a lawsuit asking for his freedom

Lincoln elected President

War between North and South from 1861-1865

California admitted as a free state New Mexico Territory to have no restrictions on slavery Set new border between Texas and New Mexico Slave trade (but not slavery) banned in Washington, D.C. Stronger fugitive slave laws

1820 Maine enters Union as a free state Missouri enters Union as slave state Slavery prohibited in remainder of Louisiana Territory

Argument between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the role of national government

Southern Senator Supported slavery

Northern Senator Opposed slavery

Westerner known as the "Great Compromiser"

Economic system in which slaves provided the necessary labor for planting and harvesting cashcrops like cotton, rice, and tobacco

Belief in local government close to the people Each state should be able to decide key issues for themselves

Population begins to shift away from farms and into cities

Invented by Eli Whitney Opened the way for factories

Late 1800s Invented by WIlliam Kelly and Henry Bessemer Allowed steel to be mnufactured cheaply

1807 Invented by Robert Fulton Improved transportation of goods and people

1793 Invented by Eli Whitney Removed seeds from cotton Increased demands for slaves

worked for women's rights

Woman's right to vote

Refused to pay taxes in protest of the Mexican-American war

Peaceful protest of injustice

Published the Abolitionist Newspaper- The Liberator

Spoke about her experiences as a slave

Influential speaker and writer North Star

Conductor on the Underground Railroad

Person who fights to end slavery