American History I – chapter 6

law that set up the federal court system

An early Federalist leader and first secretary of the treasury. He was killed in a duel with the Vice-president.

leaders of the executive departments and others who serve as the advisers to the president

a national bank funded by the federal government and wealthy investors

Thomas Jefferson's political party - came from the Anti-federalists

political system in which two parties compete on a mostly even basis for power

a tax on imported goods to protect domestic businesses

a tax on specific goods produced within the country - like whiskey for example

A position of not taking sides in a conflict

U.S. ambassador who asked Spanish officials to reopen New Orleans to U.S. trade.

1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and early federalist leader, he negotiated with British for George Washington.

A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

(1798) laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government from treasonous ideas, actions, and people

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

He almost won the election of 1800 but became Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

1755-1835. U.S. Chief Supreme Court Justice. Oversaw over 1000 decisions, including Marbury v Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.

a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists

The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

A power given to the judiciary branch in order to sustain checks and balances. This power let judges examine a law or act passed by the government to see if it was constitutional or not.

Large territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million. Doubled size of the country.

Leaders of an expedition sent by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.

native american woman who served as a guide an interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition

An act of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving by way of the sea

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

A government order imposing a trade barrier

A Shawnee chief who worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes and was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

Someone favoring war in a debate over whether to go to war, or whether to continue or escalate an existing war

Leader of American forces at the Battle of New Orleans and 7th president of the U.S.

1814 treaty that ended the war of 1812

a temporary peace, halt in fighting