The constitutions created by the various states during the Revolution had all of the following in common
- they mandated strict separation of church and state - they provided for governmental separation of powers - they were attempts to fashion a government that offered some form of representation - they included limitations on who could vote or hold officeDID NOT HAVE A BILL OF RIGHTS
The Articles of Confederation allowed the Congress to do all of the following
- Declare war and negotiate peace - Issue currency - Negotiate International treaties - deal with Indian affairsCOULD NOT LEVY TAXES
The 1787 Northwest Ordinance prohibited _______ in the Northwest Territories
- slavery
The Constitution granted all of the following powers to the executive branch
- to veto acts of Congress - to make treaties, provided that two-thirds of the Senate ratified them - to execute the laws passed by the legislative branch - to act as commander-in-chief of the army and navyCOULD NOT VETO DECISIONS OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
Author of the first draft of the Articles of Confederation
John Dickinson
The "Great Compromise" at the constitutional convention broke the deadlock over
the relationship between states' population and representation in Congress
Shay's Rebellion took place in
Massachusetts
A "federal" political system means that
powers are shared between the national and state governments
The Articles of Confederation created a national government composed of
a legislative branch
The 1789 Annapolis Convention was historically significant because
it issued a call that led to convening of the Constitutional convention
By serving as president of the constitutional convention, _______ was able to lend legitimacy to that body's proceedings
George Washington
The "Three-Fifths" clause of the Constitution stipulated that
slaves counted as three-fifths of a white person for the purposes of legislative apportionment
One of the principal Anti-Federalist criticisms of the proposed Consitution was its
lack of Bill of Rights
The Constitution's provision for the Electoral College represented political elites' fears of
too much democracy
Under the Constitution, which branch (or branches) of the national government has the power of taxation?
the legislative branch
During the debates over the ratification of the Constitution, supporters of the new plan of government called themselves
Federalists
Authors of the Federalist Papers
- James Madison - Alexander Hamilton - John JayNOT GOUVERNEUR MORRIS
The ninth state to ratify the Constitution, thus putting it into effect as the new government for the US was
- New Hampshire
The "Virginia Plan" proposed in the Constitutional Convention proposed a new national government in which
representation was proportional to a states' population
Probably the most significant shortcoming of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its inability to
- handle the financial affairs to the new nation
The new constitutions created by the various states during the Revolution had all of the following in common
- They included written Bills of Rights - They provided for governmental separation of powers - They were attempts to fashion a government that offered some form of representation - they included limitations on who could vote and hold officeDID NOT MANDATED STRICT SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited those eligible for US citizenship to
adult white males
The congressional deadlock over Hamilton's economic program was ultimately broken by a compromise over
the permanent location for the national capital
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were a strong protest against
the Alien and Sedition Acts
The outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion was significant in that it led to
the strengthening of the Democratic-Republicans and their ideals in the West
Alexander Hamilton's economic plan was based upon the ideas of
loos constructionism and implied powers
Washington's choice to head the State Department was
Thomas Jefferson
The first federal Congress ensured that the government would receive revenue by its passage of legislation providing for
a tariff on imports
The emergent political party known as the Federalists tended to support measures that
created a stronger, more activist federal government
The slave-led revolution that created the republic of Haiti affected the American South in all of the following ways
- Southern lawmakers tightened the "black coded" that governed slave behavior and punishments - slaveowners became even more convinced that slavery was meant to remain in the South - Southern slaves who heard about the revolution became more militant themselves, and several attempted slave revolts ensued - Democratic-Republicans were outraged at the Washington administration's support for the black revolutionariesDID NOT created strict federal quarantine, or prohibit immigrants from the Caribbean
The Adams administration was dominated by a foreign policy crisis that brought the U.S. to the brink of war with
France
Alexander Hamilton's plan for the country's finances included all of the following
- the creation of a national bank - raising revenue from a variety of sources, including bonds and excise taxes - creating a consolidated and funded national debt - the federal government's consolidation and assumption of states' debtsDID NOT BALANCE THE FEDERAL BUDGET
The doctrine of Nullification posited that
an individual state had the right to nullify federal laws within its own borders
The only treaty between the US and a foreign power during the 1790s that was seen as a success, and thus did not spark the usual political controversy, was
The Pinckney Treaty
Which of the following best describes Americans reactions to the progress of the French Revolution in the early 1790s?
Mixed, with Federalists concerned about the implications of the Revolution and Democratic-Republicans generally supportive of the movement
Which of the following groups would have been least likely to support the Federalists during the 1790s?
Southern farmers
The Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts were intended to accomplish the
regulation of trade and land sales to or from Indians, essentially to create a separate "Indian country"
The Democratic-Replublicans drew their leadership primarily from the political elites of which state?
Virginia
________ were the candidates for the presidency in 1796, the first actual contested presidential election for the United States
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
Tecumseh and the Prophet were members of which Indian nation?
Shawnee
After the election of 1800, the Federalists still retained power in in which branch(es) of the federal government?
Judicial
Which of the following, according to Thomas Jefferson's ideology, was essential to preserving the moral basis of good citizenship in the American republic?
Territorial expansion and settlement of new lands by small farmers
The 1803 Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review was in the case of:
Marbury v. Madison
All of the following were significant outcomes of the War of 1812
- James Madison's reversal of his earlier political beliefs and his advocacy of activist governmental policies in the war's aftermath - the British were finally removed from interior regions, opening the way for American expansion into the West -greater measure of respect for the U.S among members of the international community - a renewed surge of nationalism and patriotism that had significant cultural implicationsNOT THE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES B/W WHITE AMERICAN SETTLERS AND NATIVES IN AL AND MI
The Hartford Convention was
a gathering of disgruntled New England Federalists that issued protests against the war and southern influence in the federal government
The United Sates purchased the Louisiana Territory from which European power?
France
The commanding officer of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans was:
Andrew Jackson
Which of the following best describes "Jeffersonian Democracy"?
A style of politics that valued popular opinion and grassroots organization
Jefferson's plan to coerce Great Britain into stopping its interference with American ships and sailors revolved primarily around:
an embargo on foreign trade
All of the following influenced James Madison's decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war in 1812
- political pressure exerted by the pro-war faction of his own party - the refusal of the British government to recognize America's neutrality in the Napoleonic wars - his belief that the British were responsible for Indian violence in the WestNOT SLAVEHOLDING REPUBLICANS' DESIRE TO ANNEX BRITISH COLONIES IN THE CARIBBEAN
Thomas Jefferson, on assuming the presidency in 1801, implemented policies that
cut the size of the army and navy and eliminated many existing taxes
Which of the following best describes Democratic-Republican land policy during the Jefferson administration?
Supportive; it lowered the minimum amount required for purchase to facilitate small farmers' ability to acquire western lands
_____ developed the first dictionary of the English language that codified the American idiom, emphasizing the differences between American English and English as spoken by the British
Noah Webster
The Senate's refusal to convict the Federalist Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase after he was impeached signaled that
political partisanship, even by judges, could no longer be viewed as criminal
During the early 1800s, the United States found itself facing foreign policy difficulties stemming from warfare in Europe primarily between which two countries
Great Britain and France
Nationalists like Henry Clay promoted an economic plan known as the "American system", which included all of the following
-Developing national economic institutions (i.e. a bank) - An active role in the nation's economy for the federal government - Protective tariffs to promote growth in domestic in domestic manufacturing - Federal support for internal improvements
The reform movement that attracted the most support in terms of both numbers and publicity was the
temperance movement
The Monroe Doctrine declared that
the United States would not allow future colonization in Latin America by European nations
The Supreme Court case that established the supremacy of a corporation's contract rights over those of an individual state was
Dartmouth v. Woodward
Before the Market Revolution, the cheapest and easiest method of moving people and goods over long distances was via
water
The Erie Canal linked the eastern and western portions of which state?
New York
The American Colonization Society advocated
colonizing fred slaves (and free blacks) in Africa
The largest and most well-known construction project during the turnpike era in the U.S. was the
Cumberland Road
One of the principal reasons for the influx of Irish immigrants into the US during the 1840s was
a significant famine in Ireland that lasted for years
Railroads proved a superior form of transportation to canals for all of the following reasons
- They were faster than canal boats - They were not dependent on waterways for their terminus - They did not freeze over during the winterNOT CHEAPER
The text of the first successful telegraph message sent by Samuel F. B. Morse read
" What hath God wrought?"
The cotton gin charged Southern agriculture by
allowing for the profitable cultivation of cotton in various types of soil and terrain, paving the way for cotton's expansion
The two religious denominations that became the largest in the U.S. as a result of the Second Great Awakening were the
Baptists and Methodists
All of the following were provisions of the Missouri Compromise legislation passed by Congress in 1820
- Missouri would enter the Union with slavery, as it presently existed in the state, intact - the balance of free and slave states in Congress would be maintained - Maine would enter the Union as a free state - Slavery would be prohibited north of 36'30' north latitudeNOTHING TO DO WITH SLAVES BEING FREED AFTER A CERTAIN AGE
Which of the following was not a change associated with the Market Revolution?
The weakening of slavery as a system of labor and social control
The central theological idea that infused the Second Great Awakening was
that one could be saved by acceptance of one's sinful nature and their willingness to "perfect" themselves and their communities
The founder of the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons) was
Joseph Smith
_________ was the editor of The Liberator; his unyielding moral condemnation of slavery and advocacy of immediate emancipation transformed the abolitionist movement
William Lloyd Garrison
In 1848, the town of Seneca Falls, New York, hosted a convention centered around which reform movement?
Women's Rights
Which of the following was a principal economic accomplishment of the Second Bank of the United States?
The regulation and centralization of paper currency
All of the following factors led to the rise of a new kind of politics in the 1820s and 1830s
-The development of political parties and mass political styles - the polarization of public opinion following the presidential of 1824 - the boom-and-bust cycle of the economy convinced many Americans that the federal government ought to be more responsive to their needs - the expansion of the franchise to larger and larger numbers of male votersNOT THE REVISION OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS
The Second Party System is the label for this period's political competition between which two parties?
Jacksonians and Whigs
Which of the following best describes the Jacksonians' strategy in the campaign for the presidential election of 1826?
Mass rallies, hoopia, and scandalous personal attacks on their opponents
In the presidential election of 1824, all of the candidates claimed they were members of which political party?
Democratic-Republican
In the post-Revolutionary era of the American republic, the right of suffrage was exercised almost exclusively by
property owning white males over 21 years of age
The group whose economic situation was hurt most by the Panic of 1819 was
southern and wester farmers
Prominent members of the Whig party included all of the following
- William Henry Harrison - John Quincy Adams - Daniel Webster - Henry ClayNOT MARTIN VAN BUREN
The concept of "Nullification" refer
the power of a state to reject any federal law it deemed unconstitutional
The phrase "corrupt bargain" is associated with which development of this era?
The accusation that Henry Clay provided decisive support to J.Q. Adams for the presidency in exchange for appointment as Secretary of State
After he was reelected in 1832, Jackson decided to crush the Bank of the Unites States, even though it still had four years remaining on its charter, by
withdrawing all federal monies from the nack and the-depositing them in selected state banks
Which of the following was the name given to Jackson's principle of "rotation in office" - the filling of government jobs with loyal supporters?
The "spoils system"
The anonymous author of South Carolina's Exposition and Protest against the protective tariff was
John Calhoun
The director of the Bank of the United States, and Jackson's nemesis during the Bank War, was
Nicholas Biddle
Which of the following best descries Andrew Jackson's policies toward Native American peoples?
Forced relocation from their ancestral lands to government created reservation
The principal event that led, more than any other issue, to the emergence of the Whig opposition was
the veto of the Bank's recharter
Which of the following best describes Andrew Jackson's response to South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis?
Opposition; he declared the Union was perpetual and federal authority paramount
Which of the following groups tended to be most attracted to the Democrats during the 1830s and 1840s?
Farmer and workers
All of the following were factors that contributed to the Panic of 1819
- a rapid decline in the assessed values of land - a drop in the demand for, and price of, cotton in international markets - over speculation in western lands - easy credit terms, leading to financial overextensionNOT SMALL AMOUNT OF CURRENCY IN CIRCULATION
Andrew Jackson was from which state?
Tennessee
The Tariff of 1828 was commonly referred to as the
"tariff of abominations"
Who were the '48ers?
German immigrants and dissidents fleeing a failed revolution
More than half of the 500,000 free people of color in the U.S in 1860 lived in
northern cities
The largest US city was
New York
The best selling book of the antebellum period was
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin
Which of the following phrases is most closely associated with white southerners' defense of slavery after the 1830s?
"Positive good"
Most white southerners were
yeomen farmers
The term that describes a racial and ethnic identity that differentiated immigrant groups and proclaimed the superiority of native-born Americans was
nativism
A large majority of slaves in the South worked in which type of labor?
Agricultural
The first separate African American religious denomination, founded in the 1790s, was the
African Methodist Episcopal Church
The vast majority of those white southerners who were slaveholders claimed ownership of how many slaves?
5 or fewer
Southern whites responded to _________'s 1831 slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, with a significantly more militant defense of slavery
Nat Turner
Which of the following terms described a black slave responsible for supervising other slaves in the fields?
Slavedriver
Which of the following was most important in the formation of slave culture in the South?
Both religion and family
Which of the following was the least common manifestation of slave resistance in the Old South?
Large-scale revolt
After escaping slavery in Maryland, _____ became a prominent abolitionist and the most well-known African American in the US
Frederick Douglass
_______ was a populat form of entertainment in the North, especially rural areas, that involved lectures by members of such groups as the Transcendentalists, socialists, feminists, and other reformers
The Lyceum
Immigrants into the North before the Civil War included significant numbers from all of the following except
Russians
Which proportion of southern whites claimed ownership of slaves?
less than one-quarter
All fo the following were leisure activities frequently engaged in by Americans in the nineteenth century
- going to the theatre - attending public sporting events -reading novels and poetry - attending minstrel shows
Which of the following best describes the image southern planters preferred to hold of themselves?
Paternalistic aristocrats holding sway over their personal "kingdoms"
Which of the following reflected the resurgent nationalism and civic pride felt by most Americans in the War of 1812
- The prominence of patriotic themes in the works of atrists like Jonathan Trumbull - The appearance of surfeit of patriotic songs in popular culture - The poems and ditties of the "Hartford Wits" - The rise of a new architectural method that revived Roman classical traditions
In 1803-1804, a group of dissatisfied Federalists reacted to the political developments of Jefferson's presidency by
plotting New York and New England's secession from the Union
Which of the following best describes the US military performance during the War of 1812?
Mostly unsuccessful, beset by problems with finances, organization and repeated battlefield defeats
The Treaty of Ghent ended hostilities in the War of 1812 and
failed to resolve any of the issues over which the war had begun
In the presidential election o 1800, there was a tie in the Electoral College vote between
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr