AP Art history 1-11

Date: c. 25,500-25,300 B.C. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist or Architect: N/A Original Location: The Apollo 11 Cave in the Huns Mountains of southwestern Namibia Material/technique: Charcoal on stone Function: N/A Context: Found in the Apollo 11 Cave in the Huns Mountains of southwestern Namibia with unusual precision for ancient rock art. The stones are engraved with geometric line designs and representations of animal. Descriptive Terms: Stone, charcoal, geometric line designs, animal representations, realistic

Date: 15,000-13,000 B.C.E Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist or Architect: N/A Patron: Early humans in Lascaux, France Original Location: Cave walls near Lascaux, France Material/Technique: Natural rock contours to show volume of the animals Function: Prehistoric hunters believed that they had control of the animals by painting them on the walls. They also believed the more lifelike the animal was, the more magical power the animal had. Context: The painting took place in France, and has to do with hunter-gatherer society, concerns with food, survival, and procreation. Descriptive terms: Profile, contour, limited color, rock walls

Date: 14,000-7000 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist or Architect: N/A Patron: Early humans in Mesoamerica Original Location: Tequixquiac, central Mexico Material/Technique: Carving of animal pelvic bones Function: To house the spiritual essence of a hunted animal, a ceremonial mask Context: used as a mask, traditionally thought to be simultaneously located in an Otherworld. Descriptive terms: Carved, bones, rough, spiritual, symbolic

Date: 6000-4000 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist or Architect: N/A Patron: N/A Original Location: Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria Material/Technique: Pigment on rock Function: Some scholars have interpreted the woman as a horned deity instead of a human wearing ceremonial headgear. The meaning of most African rock art remains uncertain. Context: on the rock walls and displays varied human and animal activities. Descriptive Terms: Rock wall, pigments, supernatural beings, symbolic

Date: 4200-3500 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A Patron: Inhabitants of Susa Original Location: Susa, Iran Material/technique: Painted terra cotta Function:Funerary object Context: Given to the deceased during a secondary burial. Descriptive Terms: Painted, decorated, large, vase

Date: Fourth Millennium B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A Patron:the Nabataeans Original Location: Arabian Peninsula Material/Technique: Sandstone Function: unknown, but associated with religious or burial practices Context: some are carved in surrounding sandstone cliffs by many Arabian tombs. Earliest known works of art from the Arabian Peninsula Descriptive Terms: Sandstone, carved, distinctive belted robe and double-bladed sword (may have been unique to this region)

Date: 3300-2200 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A Patron: Liangzhu inhabitants Original Location: Liangzhu, China Material/technique: Carved Jade Function: Completely unknown Context:The principal decoration on cong of the Liangzhu period was the face pattern, which may refer to spirits or deities Descriptive Terms: Carved, cong, jade, Liangzhu culture

Date:2500-1600 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A (unknown) Patron: N/A Original Location: Wiltshire, UK Material/Technique: Sandstone Function:Marker of the midsummer solstice. Context: worked within the context of existing archaeological knowledge. Descriptive Terms: Stiff, rigid, stone, simple, mathematical

Date: c. 1500 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A Patron:N/A Original Location: Ambum Valley, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea Material/technique: Greywacke Function: Considered sacred and credited with supernatural powers by present day people of the region. Context: Ambum stone has a higher level of figurative qualities than other pestles and may be in a unique class of its own. Discovered in a cave, it is one of the earliest known Pacific works of art. Descriptive terms: birds, stone, pestles, different depictions

Date: 1200-900 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A Patron: N/A Original Location: Central Mexico, site of Tlatilco Material/Technique: Ceramic and paint Function:suggested they are related to women's roles in regards to nature. Context: The figure is completely nude and revealing an exagerrated contrast in proportions. Tlatico figurines show a fascination with physical deformities. Descriptive Terms: traces of pigment, exagerrated, fertility, symbolism

Date: 1000 B.C.E. Period/Style: Global Prehistory Artist/Architect: N/A Patron: N/A Original Location: Solomon Islands, Reef Islands Material/Technique: Terra cotta (incised) Function: piece of pottery used for cooking, serving, and storing Context: Lapita refers to an ancient Pacific culture that archaeologists believe to be the common ancestor of the contemporary cultures of Polynesia, Micronesia, and some areas of Melanesia. Lapita art is known for ceramics, which have intricate repeating geometric patterns that sometimes include anthropomorphic faces and figures. Descriptive Terms: Ceramic, pottery, geometric patterns