Mercantilism
idea that a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold in its treasury
Navigation Laws
laws that regulated trade to benefit England's Mercantilist system- only allowed them to trade with Britain
Enumerated Products
products tat had to be sent to Britain, even though there might be better prices
Monetary Deflation
there wasn't enough money in the colonies- had to print their own
Royal Veto
British right to nullify any legislation passed by the colonial system if it went against Mercantalism
Salutary Neglect
time from after King William's War to the French and Indian war where Britain let the colonies run themselves
John Hancock
rich colonist who made money by smuggling around the Navigation Laws
Rights of Englishmen
colonists had protection of British army and navy
George Grenville
the Prime Minister of Britain- ordered the navy to enforce the Navigation Acts- created the Sugar Act
Sugar Act
1st law 1765- passed by Parliament that raised taxes of colonists- on imported sugar
Quartering Act
1765- required colonists to provide food and shelter to British troops
Stamp Act
1765- mandated use of stamps that taxed most paper products
Admiralty Courts
trial where there is no jury- defendant was assumed to be guilty
Virtual Representation
representatives in Parliament represented all citizens- colonists didn't believe and wanted their own reprentative
Stamp Act Congress
1765- brought together 27 delegates from 9 colonies- asked King to repeal Act
Nonimportation Agreements
colonists would not import British goods as a protest against the new Acts- 1st political victory for the Americans
Sons of Liberty
enforced the Nonimportation Agreements- mobs violently ransacked officials' houses
Daughters of Liberty
the female version of the Sons of Liberty
Declaratory Act
Britain declares it has complete control over the colonies
Charles Townshend
persuaded Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts
Townshend Acts
act that put light taxes on lead, paper, paint and tea- hated by Americans because the profits were used to pay the government officials
Red Coats
British soldiers- sent to enforce the Townshend Acts
Crispus Attucks
black "leader" of the mob in the Boston Massacre
John Adams
defense attorney of the British troops in the Boston Massacre- future president
King George III
King who tried to assert the power of the British monarchy
Lord North
George's corrupt prime minister
Samuel Adams
organizer of rebellion- started the committees of correspondence
Committees of Correspondence
ways for the colonies to comunicated with each other- the future Congresses
British East India Company
company was going to go bankrupt, British government let them sell left over tea to Americans at a cheap price, while still taxing it
Annapolis Tea Party
colonists burned tea and a ship in Annapolis
Boston Tea Party
colonists dressed up as Indians and dumped tea into the Boston Harbor- led to Intolerable Acts
Intolerable Acts
acts that removed many of the rights of the colonists- Boston Port closes, British officials could be tried in England, the charter of Massachusetts revoked, guaranteed Catholicism to French-Canadians (good law)
Boston Port Act
Britain closed the harbor as punishment until the damages were paid
Quebec Act
French-Canadians were guaranteed Catholicism
First Continental Congress
1774- ment in Philadelphia to discuss colony problems- came up with list of grievances (ignored by Britain), and Declaration of Rights, agreed to meet the next year
The Association
organization that wanted a complete boycott of British goods
Minutemen
name of the colonial militia
Lexington
8 Americans are killed by Red Coats trying to seize power and capture Sam Adams and John Hancock- the first battle of the Revolutionary war
Concord
Red coats pushed on, but were pushed back by colonists- one of the first battles of the war
Hessians
professional German soldiers hired by the British to fight in the war- not really commited
Loyalists
colonists who supported Britian
Marquis de Lafayette
French general- helped fund the war for the Americans
Continental Currency
money printed by the Continental Congress- worthless
Valley Forge
cold battle in the winter where thecolonists were almost naked
Patriots
name for American fighters and supporters
Baron von Steuben
stern drillmaster- whipped the soldiers into shape