AP World History: An Essential Coursebook, 2nd Edition by Ethel Wood (I)

Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos

Saudia Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain

Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria

Spain and Portugal

North and South Korea

Mexico

Malaysia

India

8000 BCE-600 BCE

600 BCE-600 CE

600 CE-1450 CE

1450 CE-1750 CE

1750 CE-1900 CE

1900 CE-present

a form of government where the ultimate authority rests in the hands of a monarch who claimed to rule by divine right and was responsible only to God

a fleet of warships, specifically Spanish

a style that dominated Western painting, sculpture, architecture and music from about 1580 to 1730 (Period. IV), generally characterized by elaborate ornamentation and dramatic effect

One Protestant variation was established in Switzerland by this man, whose religion centered on the belief in a stern and vengeful God, whereas Martin Luther's followers believed in a merciful God.

the doctrines and teachings of John Calvin or his followers

The fourth period in the study of world history is the chunk of time from c. 1450 CE to c. 1750 CE (Period. IV), a considerably shorter era than the previous three periodizations, but one in which momentous changes took place. It is often called this because events that occurred then have directly shaped important regional political units of today's world and influenced interrelationships among modern cultures.

Followed patterns that political organizations had used in most places for centuries. Governments controlled territory by building armies, bureaucracies, roads, canals, and walls that unified people and protected them from outsiders. The focus was on territory in such countries/kingdoms.

In Western Europe; built their power by controlling water routes, developing technologies to cross the oceans, and gaining wealth from trade and land claims across oceans.

A patron-supported artist (Medici family of Florence) born in the mid-to-late 1400s and whose best-known works include the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

(1475-1564) A patron-supported artist (Medici family of Florence) who was commissioned by the RCC to paint extravagent murals in the Sistine Chapel and other ornate rooms of the Vatican administrative complex in Rome; among his most notable works in the Sistine Chapel are the Creation Of Adam and the Last Judgment.

A patron-supported artist (Medici family of Florence) born in the mid-to-late 1400s and whose best-known works include the School Of Athens and the Madonna And Child.

1469-1492 (Period. IV)

From Florence, a rich merchant family that supported Renaissance artists such as da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo.

Santa Maria del Fiore, that was completed in the mid-15th century

Italians, and as a result, tended to blend secular and religious interests.

A humanist Dutch priest who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament in 1516, and also produced a revised Latin translation that corrected mistakes made over centuries of copying manuscripts.

Johann Gutenberg of Mainz

1454, and the craftsmanship that created it was widely admired and imitated across Europe.

Niccolo Machiavelli

Anglican Church

abstinence from sexual intercourse, especially by reason of religious vows

the English state and government from the death of Charles I in 1649 to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660

the common language of the people

1/10 of a person's income which a person gave to the RCC

the study of religion and religious truth

the "rebirth" of classical culture that occurred in Italy and spread to all of Europe between 1350 and 1550 (Period.'s III + IV)

to withdraw or retract a statement

French Calvinists (French Protestants)

In the late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance, there was a wide general acceptance of the origin of this and its history preceding the Crucifixion, as recorded by Voragine. This general acceptance is confirmed by the numerous artworks that depict this subject, culminating in one of the most famous fresco cycles of the Renaissance, the Legend of [This] by Piero della Francesca, painted on the walls of the chancel of the Church of San Francesco in Arezzo between 1452 and 1466, in which he reproduces faithfully the traditional episodes of the story as recorded in The Golden Legend.

The Franciscan friars renovated it further in 1555, as it had been neglected despite increased numbers of pilgrims. The Franciscans rebuilt the Aedicule, extending the structure to create an ante-chamber. After the renovation of 1555, control of the church oscillated between the Franciscans and the Orthodox, depending on which community could obtain a favorable firman from the Sublime Porte at a particular time, often through outright bribery, and violent clashes were not uncommon. There was no agreement about this question, although it was talked about it at the negotiations to the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. In 1767, weary of the squabbling, the Porte issued a firman that divided the church among the claimants. A fire severely damaged the structure again in 1808, causing the dome of the Rotunda to collapse and smashing the Edicule's exterior decoration. The Rotunda and the Edicule's exterior were rebuilt in 1809-1810 by architect Nikolaos Ch. Komnenos of Mytilene in the then current Ottoman Baroque style. The fire did not reach the interior of the Aedicule, and the marble decoration of the Tomb dates mainly to the 1555 restoration, although the interior of the ante-chamber, now known as the Chapel of the Angel, was partly re-built to a square ground-plan, in place of the previously semi-circular western end.

removal of part or all of the punishment in purgatory for one's sins

In the RCC and Greek Orthodox Church, the body, a part of the body, or some personal memorial of a saint, martyr, or other sacred person, preserved as worthy of veneration in special reliquaries, sometimes used to consecrate altars. An antimension would be one of these woven into a cloth, again, mostly used to consecrate a church's altar. Some examples of famous relics fought over in the Middle Ages and Renaissance between various conquering armies are the True Cross of Christ, the Shroud of Turin, and the Crown of Thorns.