AP World History Ch. 8

Societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states.

Arabic term for western North Africa

A puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built am empire from the Africa savanna to Spain

A later puritanical Islamic reform movement among the Berbers of northwest Africa; also built an empire reaching from the african savanna to spain

A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa

13th century ebiopian ruler; built great rock churches

The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the sahara; an exchange region between the forest to the south and north Africa

States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways

State of the Malinke people centered between sneak and Niger rivers

Malinke merchants who traded throughout he Mali empire and west Africa

Title of the ruler of Mali

Made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the 14 th century that became legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way.

An architect who returned the Kankan Musa to Mali; created a distinctive Sudanic architecture utilizing beaten clay.

Created a unified state that became he Mali empire; dies in 1260.

Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings.

Niger River port to city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university

Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao

States, such Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria, combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs

Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa

Urbanizing commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures, including Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilawa, Pate, Zanzibar.

Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures

The change from slow to rapid population growth; often asociated with industrialization; occured fist in Europe and is more characteristic of the "developed world".

Highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturalists organized into small city-states, as Oyo, under the authority of regional divine kings presiding over elaborate curts.

Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo Apeople during the 14th century; famous forbids bronze art work.

Large agricultural state on the lower Congo River; capital at Mbanza Congo.

Central African royal stone courts.

With massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greater early buildings in sub-Saharah Africa.

Ruler of Great Zimbabwe; controlled large territory reaching to the Indian Ocean.