AP World History Chapter 14

definition: the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) significance: founder of Islam, a prominent religion

definition: companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad, regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful successor significance: First sucessor to Muhammad, set the status-quo for Caliphs

definition: the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites significance:

definition: Leader of rebellion in Persia that led to the downfall of the Umayyad significance: led to the downfall of the Umayyad

definition: fifth and most famous Abbasid Caliph in Iraq significance: Brought the high point of the Abbasid empire, supporting weath

definition: Islamic theologian who struggled to fuse Greek and Koranic traditions significance:

definition: Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123) significance: Demonstrated Persian influence during the Abbasid empire.

definition: tried to blend Aristotle's and Plato's views with those of Islam- argued that Greek philosophy had the same goal: to find the truth. significance: demonstrated classical influence

definition: the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran significance: Prominent religion, helped bring unity to large stretches of land

definition: a believer or follower of Islam significance: Spread Islamic religion

definition: religious conceptualization of the world as belonging either to Muslim or non-Muslim territory, exists within Islam significance: Allowed for expeditions from other countries to be facilitated

definition: City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion significance: Important location in Islam

definition: the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina significance: Basis of the Islamic faith

definition: a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions significance: Established a principle based on Muhammad's life

definition: a city in western Saudi Arabia to where Muhammad had fled significance: Islamic significance, location where Muhammad was buried, first Mosque

definition: The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam significance: Founded Islam

definition: the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan significance: Provided peace along these lands

definition: name recognizing Muhammad as the last and greatest prophet significance: Solidified Muhammad's role as a great prophet

definition: a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine significance: Sacred Muslim site, many pray at the Kaaba several times a day

definition: the five basic acts of worship that are central to Islam (Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Alms, Pilgrimage) significance: Foundation of Islam, reinforced by Muhammad

definition: the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Muhammed significance: Sharia is still used today, prohibits actions according to Islam, demonstrates Muhammad's influences

definition: the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth significance: Center of several debates, the leader of an expansive empire

definition: the dynasty caliphs whose capital was Damascus, one of the largest empires ever significance: Spanned large areas of land that facilitated trade and brought unity

definition: the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad significance: source of many debates, one of the largest Islamic denominations

definition: The dynasty that came after the Umayyads, devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts significance: ushered in an era of flourishing of the dar al-Islam

definition: Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology significance: Ensured observance of Islamic traditions

definition: Muslim judges who carried out the judicial functions of the state significance: Ensured observance of Islamic traditions

definition: the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire) significance: true leaders of dar al-Islam, set up a puppet state

definition: an inn in some Eastern countries with a large courtyard that provides accommodation for caravans significance: facilitated trade by making it easier

definition: Arabic name given to a nation in the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims significance: Demonstrated the expansive realm of Islam

definition: a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life significance: most successful missionaries, helped spread

definition: the fifth pillar of Islam, a pilgrimage to Mecca significance: A large part of a Muslim's life, symbol of religious unity