AP World History Chapter 19

Local Rulers organized powerful states and agriculture bloomed.

German King who was crowned emperor by John XII. Began the Holy Roman Empire.

Controversy over the appointment of church officials.

Emperor who reigned from 1152 to 1190. Known as the red beard. He wished to control Lombardy but could not take it due to the popes.

Dynasty who ruled France and gained full power by the early fourteenth century. Founded by Hugh Capet.

Norman Duke who conquered England in 1066.

They were split into city states.

Contributed to the increase of agricultural production

Where urbanization occurred heavily.

Well developed trade network including the Baltic Sea and the North Sea.

Social Classes, Those who pray, those who work, and those who fight.

Code by which Knights lived their life

Traveling poets, minstrels, and entertainers whom aristocratic women patronized.

1122-1204, a woman who supported romantic poets and entertainers. Encouraged good manners, refinement, and romantic love.

Groups of craftsmen who regulated production and sale of goods.

Chores, weaving, and caring for domestic animals.

In urban environments they could become butchers, bakers, candle makers, fishmongers, shoemakers, gem smiths, innkeepers, launderers, money changers, merchants, and occasionally pharmacists and physicians.

Very important Greek thinker during the middle ages

Human being who has led an exemplary live and whom god holds in high esteem.

Group who saw the Roman Catholic clergy as immoral and corrupt. Advocated modest and simple lives.

Adopted teachings that the world was the battleground of a constant struggle of good v.s. evil.

Newfoundland in Canada. Named Vinland due to the grapes found there. Discovered by the Vikings.

Pledged to devote their lives and efforts to the struggle against Muslims and Pagans. Active in the Baltic Region.

Norman adventurer who created a state for himself in Italy. His brother Roger took Sicily.

Conquest of Spain in the 1060s to 1150.