Ap World History Chapter 9

A northern region of India. It is the only way one can enter India by land without going over the Himalayas

An Indian Empire that had a bureaucratic administration. It unified all of India into a peaceful and stable empire save for the southern tip of India

A dynasty that fell when it overtaxed the people, which led to rebellion which overthrew the emperor. It split into multiple regional kingdoms

The empire in India that supported Buddhism, and later accepted Hinduism when it arose

The main social class distinction in the caste system

The head social class, the priests

the nobles and warriors

the artisans and merchants

the peasants and serfs

The lowest social class. Those who perform unclean and unholy jobs and are excluded from society

Says that desire causes suffering, elimination of desire eliminates suffering, all life involves suffering, a disciplined life following the Eight-fold Path ends all desire

The core of the dharma and Buddhism

A teaching of Buddhism that demands individuals to lead moderate lives, reject luxuries, and follow an ascetic way of life to obtain salvation

A leader who made alliances with other kingdoms and gradually made them subservient to his rule. In this way he founded the Gupta Empire

Successor of Chandra Gupta who worked to expand the Gupta empire even farther. He helped rebuild Pataliputra and formed more alliance with nearby kingdoms

Successor of Samudra Gupta who expanded the Gupta empire and rebuilt Pataliputra.

Founder of the Maurya Empire

A leader who exploited the turmoil that Alexander the Great left when he attacked India. He overthrew the Magadha empire and expanded his own empire into Greek Bactria

The empire that ruled Punjab, endured Alexander the Great's attack, and was conquered by the Maurya Dynasty

The nomadic invaders from Greek Bactria. They constantly strained the Gupta Empire with constant invasions.

The invaders that expanded into Gupta India. They established their own kingdoms in Gupta territory which eventually overthrew the Gupta Empire

Founder of Buddhism who tried to find the source of suffering. He achieved enlightenment and made the Noble Eight-fold Path and the Four Noble Truths

What Guatama became after he achieved enlightenment while meditating under a tree. His name means " the enlightened one"

The place that Guatama achieved enlightenment

The core teaching of Buddhism that includes the Noble Eight-fold Path and the Four Noble Truths. ( In Hinduism it is an ethic that said one must obey religious and moral laws)

A social unit in India formed by people who have the same profession and social class

A corporate body that supervises the wages and protected it's workers. Members formed their own small communities and caused the jati to be made

The empire that later unified India after the Maurya Empire

The Indian empire that was established through exploitative alliances, not through conquest. It relied on those alliances with regional kingdoms to govern

The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya who brought the Maurya Empire to it's height.

The emperor who strengthened his control on his bureaucracy and built Pataliputra. He also supported Buddhism and built many statues and pillars to announce laws. His death sent the Mauryan Empire into decline

The Mauryan emperor who built many roads and irrigation systems in India to increase trade within India

The independent territory that Ashoka Maurya conquered. During this battle he underwent a spiritual transformation making him a Buddhist

A subcaste, it refers to your profession and many in the same jati formed guilds

Popular shrines that housed relics of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas. It is a sort of religious museum funded by nobles

Personal salvation one could achieve in both Buddhism and Hinduism. It occurred when you escaped the cycle of reincarnation and obtained eternal bliss.

The preserver of the world. One of the main gods in Hinduism. He often takes the form of humans.

The Hindu epic that explains the role of your social class and involves Vishnu

The capital for the Maurya and Gupta Empires. It was a cosmopolitan city that had massive wealth. It resided on the Ganges river and was well planned out to a rectangular shape

A social order system that was created by the Aryans.It also serves as a sort of political order as well, as social classes have power over the others

An influential religion that arose in India when people started to stray from brahmin rituals. It emphasizes ahimsa to extreme extents and believes even non-living things have souls

A religion that requires your entire life to obtain salvation. It involves extreme asceticism which led to it's unpopularity when Buddhism arose

The founder of Jainism

People who obtained enlightenment but chose to stay on earth in order to help others do the same. They were examples of excellence and saints of Buddhism.

The process by which souls are purified in Jainism. In all religions, however, it is to not hurt any other soul in anything or anyone