Crusades
brutal Catholic religious military campaigns against Muslims
causes
Truce of God; nobles want land and power; rivalry btw. pope and king; church wants to show authority; Pope Urban II; pilgrimages
Truce of God
limited fighting btw Christians by setting times of peace
Pope Urban II
responds to help call of Alexis Comnenus with huge speech that starts first crusade 1095
1st crusade
captures Jerusalem 1095
1187
Muslims take back Jerusalem
1204
4th crusade sacks Constantinople
impact
Europeans learn how to make pasta, paper, refined sugar, colored glass; improved production; exposure to Greek and Arab literature and language; increased trade