Migration
movement from one part of something to another
Paleolithic Society
humans grouped together in small bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals
Egalitarianism
relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities
Neolithic society
the period of human culture began around 10,000 years ago in the middle east and later in other parts of the world
social stratification
the organization of society into hierarchy of classes
irrigation
supports productive agriculture
patriarchal society
Men are dominant in the society
polytheism
the belief in many gods
monotheism
the belief of one god
city-state
urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultural regions and were loosely connected in a broader political structure with other city-states.
empire
an extensive group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, an oligarchy, or a sovereign state
metallurgy (iron and bronze)
the branch of science and technology concerned with the the properties of metals and their production and purification
pastoralism
the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock
sedentary societies
a society that remains in one place.
agrarian societies
any society whose economy is based on producing and the maintaining of crops and farmland
settled agriculture
humans began planting and growing the wild plants which they had been foraging, allowing for more reliable and predictable food sources
cultivation
the action of cultivating land or the state of being cultivated
demographics
statistical data relating to he population and particular groups within it
cicvilization
the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced
state
a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government
empire
an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
caste
each of the hereditary classes of hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status. NO MOVING UP OR DOWN
jati (ju-tee)
a hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout india
social mobility
the movemnet of individuals, families, or households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society
Indo-european migration
a large wide spread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include italic, slavic, baltic, hellenic, celtic, and indo-iranian spoken about half the world's population
bantu migration
bantu-speaking peoples migrated from western africa-near modern day nigeria- southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half or sub-saharan africa.
the epic of gilgamesh
an ancient poem which may be one of the oldest stories in the world
hammurabi's code/laws
the 1st attempt to codify or arrange and put laws in writing
economic specialization
a method of production where a business or are focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services in order to gain greater degrees of productive efficiency within the entire system of business or areas.
cunniform
denoting or relating to the wedge- shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of mesopotamia impressed on clay tablets
hieroglyphics
writing consisting of hiroglyphics
alphabet
the letters of language in their customary order.
scribes
a person who copies out documents especially one employed to do this before printing was invented
Phoenicians
a member of a semitic people inhabiting ancient phoenicia and its colonies
pharaoh
a ruler in ancient egypt
aryans
relating to or denoting a people speaking an indo-european language who invaded northern india
dravidians
relating or denoting a family of languages spoken in southern india and siri lanka, or the peoples who speak them
harappa & mohenjo-daro
one of the largest cities of the ancient indus valley civilization also known as the harrapan civilization
rig veda
one of the vedas, a collection of 1082 hymns
vedic age
the period in indian history during which the vedas were composed
abraham
first great biblical patriarchs founder of ancient hebrew nation
mandate of heaven
an ancient chinese belief and philosophical idea that heaven granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly
ancestral veneration
the custom of worshiping deceased ancestors whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene with the mortal realm.
ziggurats
ancient mesopotamia symbolized power
pyramids
royal tomb in ancient egypt
chariots
2-wheeled horse drawn vehicle used in ancient warfare and racing
hebrews
member of ancient people living in modern day israel; descended from abraham
judaism
monotheistic religion of the jews
zoroastrianism
monothesitic pre-islamic religion of ancient persia founded by zoroaster in the 6th century BC
Trade: local, regional, transregional
action of buying and selling and services local- local exchange system regional- reciprocal trade agreements between 2 or more partners transregional- trade system across nation-state lines