in the middle
Most forest resource managers aim to maintain resource populations ________ of the curve
maximum sustainable timber yield
Many forest resource managers aim to maintain resource populations in the middle because it delivers the ________.
mature trees in the top canopy layer
If forests are strictly managed according to the maximum sustainable yield model, some biodiversity sill be lost because species whose habitat depends on ________ will be excluded
US Forest Service
Established under the leadership of Gifford Pinchot to manage forests for "the greatest good of the greatest number in the long run"
National Park Service
Mission is to protect natural resources for future generations through use restrictions and prohibition of resource extraction, but provides public access for current enjoyment
Fish and Wildlife Service
Manages national wildlife refuges that serve as wildlife havens; encourages hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, photography, and environmental education
Nature Conservancy
Private land trust that purchases and protects areas in natural condition
UNESCO
Manages world heritage sites, which include sites of cultural and natural importance
tree ring scars
Fire history in an open pine woodland ecosystem would be best determined by ________.
Sarawak tribe
was left without resources when the Malaysian government allowed clear-cutting in their forest
yellowstone
The first national park was ________.
The Antiquities Act
Which of the following gave the president authority to declare selected public lands as national monuments?
private nonprofit groups
Land trusts are ________
habitat fragmentation and preserve design
The SLOSS dilemma involves controversy over ________
conifer forests, pine plantations
In the United States, most logging takes place in ________ in the north and ________ in the south
deforestation
has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions
desperate for economic development
Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?
clear cutting
removes all trees from an area
taiga and rainforest
Most of the world's forests occur as ________
Canada, Russia, and Brazil
Most commercial logging today takes place in ________.
slowed, 5.2
The U.N. FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment of 2010 concluded that deforestation has _______ but we still lose forests at the rate of _____ million ha/yr
ecosystem based
tree harvesting methods that leave seed-producing or mature trees uncut to provide for future forests
National Forest Management Act
was passed in 1976 with the intent to ensure multiple use and sustainable yield of national forest land
Healthy Forests Restoration Act
directs timber companies to remove small trees, underbrush, and dead trees to reduce fires in national forest land
wilderness areas
off-limits to development of any kind but are open to low-impact recreation
paper parks
areas protected on paper but not in reality due to lack of funding
second growth forests
forests that establish themselves after virgin timber has been removed from an area
mature with a multi-level canopy
Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when they are ________.
produce more severe wildfires
The latest information tells us that salvage logging tend to ________
area effect of equilibrium theory
suggests that as the number of species increases with the size of the island; all else being equal, larger islands contain more species
controlled burns
used in forests that are subject to severe wild fires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth
REDD
gives wealthy nations carbon-offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests
roadless rule
prohibits new road construction in national forests and was reinstated in 2009
edge effects
a particular problem when formerly large habitats are reduced to small fragments
habitat fragmentation
The tendency of humans to want to live in these Sky Islands, visit them for recreation, and use them for lumber or for wood pulp, causes increased _______