APUSH Ch. 29 Voc.

In 1881, he published "Story of a Great Monopoly," an exposé of the railroads and Standard Oil, in the pages of the Atlantic Monthly; assailed the Standard Oil Company in 1894 with his book Wealth Against Commonwealth.

a late nineteenth-century economist, accused big business and government of corrupting higher education by tressing practical values over humanistic, and using universities for business and political purposes.

a Danish American social reformer, muckraking journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for his dedication to using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City, which was the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He helped with the implementation of "model tenements" in New York

Muckrakers -progressive investigative journalists who exposed the seamy side of American life at the turn of the twentieth century

a reporter or writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports involving a host of social issues, broadly including crime and corruption and often involving elected officials, political leaders and influential members of business and industry

a muckraking journalist, an investigative and crusading reporter who exposed the graft and corruption of boss and machine politics in city and state government.

wrote a book about Rockefeller's monopoly over the oil business; "The History of the Standard Oil Company" grew to be a nineteen-part series, published between November 1902 and October 1904; Tarbell wrote a detailed exposé of Rockefeller's unethical tactics, sympathetically portraying the plight of Pennsylvania's independent oil workers

wrote Following the Color Line which talked about black suppression

Progressives supported direct primary elections and favored it so that voters could directly propose legislation themselves, thus bypassing the boss-sought state legislatures

submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection

enables the voters to remove faithless corrupt officials.

This Constitutional change in 1913 established the direct popular election of U.S. senators.

A great debater and political leader who believed in libertarian reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin.

1910 became GOP gov of Calif. prosecuted grafters, broke control of southern pacific rr on calif. politics and then set up his own political machine

a progressive Republican, was that party's presidential nominee in 1916. Later, he was a secretary of state and chief justice of the Supreme Court

In the middle-class family of early nineteenth-century America, the wife, who had earlier shared in the family's enterprise, now left earning a living entirely to her husband. His sphere was public, hers was private, singularly devoted to the care of her husband and children.

took control of the National Consumers League in 1899 and mobilized female consumers to pressure for laws safeguarding women and children in the workplace.

In the 1918 Supreme Court case, Louis Brandeis, lawyer for the Consumers' League, prepared a brief stuffed with economic and sociological evidence showing that long working hours were dangerous to the health of women and society. The Court's decision encouraged states to enact legislation to protect women and limit child labor.

a lawyer, was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court. When practicing law, he was a defender of the rights of labor and working people, exemplified in his "Brandeis brief" in the case of "Muller v. Oregon."

Founder of the WCTU, Dean of Women at Northwestern University and the president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union

Organized at a national convention in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874, the group spearheaded the crusade for prohibition

defined "intoxicating liquors" excluding those used for religious purposes and sales throughout the U.S., established Prohibition in the United States. Its ratification was certified on January 16, 1919. It was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933, the only instance of an amendment's repeal

was the leader of national progressivism at the turn of the twentieth century. He supported regulation of big business, conservation of natural resources, and a "square deal" for ordinary people. He greatly expanded the role and authority of the presidency in the national government.

President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. Thus, it aimed at helping middle class citizens and involved attacking plutocracy and bad trusts while at the same time protecting business from the extreme demands of organized labor.

a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to all major cities (homes and apartments were heated with anthracite or "hard" coal because it had higher heat value and less smoke than "soft" or bituminous coal). President Theodore Roosevelt became involved and set up a fact-finding commission that suspended the strike. The strike never resumed, as the miners received more pay for fewer hours; the owners got a higher price for coal, and did not recognize the trade union as a bargaining agent. It was the first labor episode in which the federal government intervened as a neutral arbitrator.

department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. It was originally created as the United States Department of Commerce and Labor on February 14, 1903. It was subsequently renamed to the Department of Commerce on March 4, 1913, and its bureaus and agencies specializing in labor were transferred to the new Department of Labor.

Established during Theodore Roosevelt's first administration, it was granted the power to investigate unfair business practices

United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.

United States federal law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates. This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers.

determined to respond to the popular outcry against the trusts but also determined not to throw out something valuable with something unwanted by smashing all large businesses

an important United States railroad trust formed in 1902 by E. H. Harriman, James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan, J. D. Rockefeller, and their associates. The company controlled the Northern Pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, and other associated lines. The company was sued in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 by President Theodore Roosevelt, one of the first anti-trust cases filed against corporate interests instead of labor.

he wrote "The Jungle" and he revealed the horrific conditions of the local meat-packing factories. He was determined to shine some light and demanded better working conditions for these local factories.

a novel published by Upton Sinclair and stated how the meat-packing factories ran things. This includes meat being put on dirty floors, the crates being disgustingly dirty as the workers placed meat into the crates.

organization that was founded in 1892. It's the oldest, and most largest organization that stood for environmental protection, and to preserve the ecosystems of Planet Earth

it was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election. The central issue he argued was government protection of human welfare and property rights. He insisted that only a powerful federal government could regulate the economy and guarantee social justice, and that a President can only succeed in making his economic agenda successful if he makes the protection of human welfare his highest priority.