Ch.1

miniaturization of stone tools: refined/smaller points collect wild grains beyond roots berries and nuts last Ice Age: richer more diverse environment, human population grow, settle in permanency, more complex, store and accumulate goods, inequality wear out, pottery and domestication occur

Support: changing evolution course picking plants, domestication, selectively breed ie. elongating corn, hunting extinct certain animals for food so rely on agriculture to survive Not support: humans too heavily rely on livestock and agricultural crops lose hunting/gathering skills degress, not spread in certain countries ie New Guinea

Before people relied on their own skills of hunting/gathering to survive, now people developed tools and methods to utilize nature into what they need ie farming, cross breeding, livestock before it was always moving to where animals were to hunt or plants now one could settle anywhere if they know methods to farm and breed

I believe it is because it occurred independently in different plaaces of the world so people would have figured it out eventually occur late because the Ice Age prevented fertile soil and extinct certain animals after Ice Age provided opportunity with fertile climate and species bounce back

new species of animals/plants made crossbreeding, tools developed for efficient farming permanency ie records, art, storage of goods

female figurines carved of stone, antler, mammoth tusk, clay shows view of women 35,000 years ago

endless stories, extended ceremonies, rock art, recount beginning of things ie ancestor migration, creation of nature, relations b/w animals & humans

First American culture widespread: hunters, near water areas where mammals (food) migrate

hunters of large mammals but extinct once mammals extinct no food, hunt them dow, drier climate from Ice Age, hunting less culture learn to adapt to environment

last phase of great human migration recent 3,500 ya, quick, water migration across Pacific specific for colonization with domesticated plants/animals to settle

wanting/needing little ie gathering/hunting less to meet needs so they are satisfied

development of religion as someone skilled dealing with the spirit word, arise rituals and cermonies with psychoactive drugs ie. understand nonmaterial world

a way to access territorial spirits and dead ancestors with shamans performing it, develop relationship with spiritual world

show progression: refining tools ie stone micro-blades wood pottery canoes, agricultural revolution allow permanence to utilitze environment, nomadic traveling

ceremonial site; represent monumental construction with agricultural societies and civilizations, show progression from agriculture revolution

where most people really thrived, favored first to experience full Agricultural Revolution being near rivers allow easier domestication and farming

mountain grass, ancestor of corn, available in Afro-Eurasia, beginner of evolution of corn

allow gradual spread of agricultural techniques plants/animals

3000 BCE from south nigeria move east/south absorb, kill, drove away indigenous paleolithic people whether by force or by brought animal-borne disease

last member of Yashi pushed to extinction by powerful farming, herding, "civilized" society, ie. conquering

ancient village, explosion of technological innovation ie vessels, house many people larger storage containers, textile weaving, animals, looms,

4000 BCE, new uses for domesticated animals ie milking, wool, manure for fertilizer, riding/pulling for transport

use animals more than nature ie milk, meat, blood, transport; focus on trading & conquering agrarian societies of wealth/sophistication enriching agricultral and pastoral societies

early agricultural village in turkey, no inequality, social order without hiearchy, communal roles work for common good, diverse, modest

hierchy politically of inherited poistions of power/privilage, no longer use force but persuade through gifts personality begin democracy, a way to resolve conflict