Civilization
A group of people sharing a set of cultural traits
Culture
Same beliefs, expressions, actions; also are knowledge and technology
History
The study of past events, changes in locatiions, big events and beliefs from then to now
Stone age
Time of period when tools where made from stone or nonmetallic substances
Paleolithic
The period of the stone age associated w/the evolution of humans
Neolithic
The period of stone age associated w/ ancienct agricultural revolution
Foragers
Ppl who support themselves by hunting and gathering wild edible plants and insects
Agriculture Revolution
Change from food gathering to food production. ca. 8000-2000 B.C.E
Holocene
Geological era since end of great ice age 11,000yrs ago
Megaliths
Largee stones structered for ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times
Babylon
important and largest city in mesopotamia
Sumerians
People that dominated S. Mesopotamia; responsible for irrigation tech, cuneiform and religious concepts
Semitic
Related languages spoken across W.Asia and N.Asia. Hebrew, Aramaic and Phoenician
City State
Independent state; consists of uknown center and agriculture territory
Hammurabi
Ruler of Babylon; best known for code laws; conqured many cities in S. & N. mesopatomia
Scribe
Position reserved for men who did the lengthy trainnig required to read &write using cuneiforms and hieroglyphics.
Ziggurant
Stepped Tower made of mud bricks; associated w/ religious complexes but function is uknown
Amulet
small charm used to protect from evil ; reflect religious practices of the common people
Cuneiform
writing system; later used to represent other languages of W. Asia. Many symbols - literacy
Pharaon
Central figure in ancient Egypt state; used power to maintain the safety & prosperity of egypt
Ma'at
Divinely created &maintained order
Pyramid
burial place for the king , stepped triangle
memphis
capitol of old king egypt; early rulers were interred in nearby pyramids
Thebes
Capitol of egypt; Amon = chief gods of egypt, monarchs were barried across vallley of kings
Hieroglyphics
pictorial symbols; used for monumental inscriptions; cursive was formed
Papyrus
Grows along NIle river (egypt); produced paperlike writing medium
Mummy
Body preserved by chemical processes; believed that deceased will need again
Harappa
great in indus valley, located on N.W.frontier of zone of cultrivation.
Monhenjo-Daro
large scale of construction; orderly grid of streets, standard builing materials; central planning