Chapter 1 US History

Some Native American tribes that moved often for food and water.

c. 1200; lived in the Valley of Mexico; later conquered by Cortez.

introduced crops into arid deserts of the Southwest c.300 BC

from Anasazi and Hohokam; architecturally advanced

Northeastern hunters/fishers

c. 1400 kingdom ruled by a single leader, became a major West African state in the 1400s

Developed Benin City and ruler of Benin

Kingdom of smaller kingdoms all ruled by one leader. Based on agriculture; ruled by hereditary monarchy

monotheistic religion spread through trade routes across North Africa c. 1400

teaching from the life of Jesus; spread by Europeans. Clashing of Christianity and Islam lead to Crusades

split between protestants and Catholics; took power from the Pope

rebirth of art highlighting the physical world

Spanish explorer looking for a short route to India, landed in Bahamas and settled there. Harsh rule and helped bring together the European, American, and African worlds. In search of God, Gold, and Glory

people living where Columbus landed "Nobel Ones" Wiped out by Columbus and Spanish

Between Spain and Portugal; divided Western Hemisphere between the two countries --> lead to jealousy between other nations.

global transfer of living things (livestock, raw materials, food, disease) from America, Europe, and Africa.

Spanish explorers who conquered parts of America

1519 Conquered Aztec empire with advanced army and smallpox/measles. Used Aztecs for mining gold

Aztec emperor; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; assumed that the Spanish were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.

mixed Spanish-Native American child, result of Spanish men mating with Native American women

Spanish authorities allowed explorers to demand Native labor (very close to slavery for the natives)

Mexico and parts of Guatemala

Capital = Santa Fe Royal Road location; goods traveled between Santa Fe and Mexico City.

founder of James Town, came to America for profit; explorer

First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia. Founded by London Company

money from English companies and investors to fund American exploration. Failed in some cities that could not find gold (ex. Jamestown)

many of the first English settlers in Americas had to pay off debs with labor for 4-7 years; replaced so by African slaves

christians who wanted to separate from the Catholic church. Has subgroups of Separatists and Pilgrims. Formed both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies

founder (with Puritans) of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Founded for religious spreading and as a model for other colonies. "City upon a hill"

War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. Was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites.

was owed money from King Charles and was payed off by getting land. Founder of Pennsylvania

Lead by William Penn, religious tolerance

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Only English ships could trade with English colonies, ¾ of crew on ships must be english, all ships going to English colonies must pass through an English port, and an exclusivity on certain raw materials put a type of monopoly on trade and benefitted both England and America.

routes between America, West Indies, and West Africa trading rum, raw materials, and slaves

trading African slaves to West Indies (from there they went to America)

Emphasis on questions + nature; science over religion; questions church and politics (TJ)

American ENLIGHTENMENT figure who was a scientist and inventor

Puritan influence waning (due to religious tolerance), wanted to bring back Puritan goals Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god", not enough to just come to church (must live by the church)

(1754-1763) fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. French enlisted the help of Native alliances

British Minister determined to expel French from North America during 7 years war

Chief native who captured eight British forts in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes area; in response, British wiped them out with disease

established a line along the Appalachians that the colonists could not cross; gave Natives a piece of land. British DID cross and expand West.