Chapter 10 US History 1

Railroads carry raw materials east, manufactures and settlers west - small towns quickly become cities - telegraph wires provide fast communication

Immigrants become industrial workers, fear expansion of slavery - slave labor might compete with free labor - could reduce status of white workers unable to compete

Few immigrants; free, enslaved African Americans meet labor needs In 3 states, blacks are majority; in 2, are half of population Whites fear restriction of slavery will change society, economy

South predominantly rural, mostly plantations and small farms Economy relies on cash crops; manufacture under 10% of U.S. goods

1846; no slavery in territory acquired from Mexico

slave territory adds slave states; no jobs for free workers

slaves are property under Constitution; fear more free states

Henry Clay offers this to settle disputes over slavery; it is a series of five statues shepherded to passage by Stephen A. Douglas, was approved in September

- called for the admittance of California as a free state, - set the present boundaries for Texas, - allowed the territories of New Mexico and Utah to be organized on the basis of popular sovereignty, - strengthened the fugitive slave law, - abolished the slave trade in Washington D.C.

- Slave states were now outnumbered so the North controlled the Senate and the House of Representatives. - The Compromise of 1850 sowed seeds for Civil War even though it delayed it for ten years. - The delay of the war turned out to be good for the North and bad for the South.

His Accomplishments: The Great Compromiser Missouri Compromise Nullification Crisis Compromise of 1850

Compromise has provisions to appease North and South: - California to be a free state - more effective fugitive slave law - popular sovereignty—residents of territory vote to decide slavery - government to pay Texas $10 million for its claim to eastern NM - slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery permitted Clay gives speech begging North and South to compromise, save Union

He said, "I wish to speak today not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American, and a member of the Senate of the United States."

He said "see how two peoples so different and hostile can exist together in one common Union."

He reintroduces resolutions individually

Taylors successor; supported the comprise

part of Compromise of 1850, has very harsh terms • Alleged fugitives denied jury trial, right to testify on own behalf • Federal commissioners paid more for returning than freeing accused • People convicted of helping a fugitive fined, imprisoned, or both

forbid prison for fugitives, grant jury trials

secret network of people who help slaves escape

- escapes from slavery, becomes "conductor" on 19 trips - "Moses" - Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. - $40,000 bounty on her head. - Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

Abolitionist and Conductor of the Underground Railroad

Assisted Free Black Population of Philadelphia through education and jobs

1811 - 1896; - "So this is the lady who started the Civil War." - Abraham Lincoln - Her book, Uncle Tom's Cabin, stirs protest

- This book shows slavery as moral problem, not just political - Lincoln once noted...."The Book That Made This Great War"

1854; allows popular sovereignty on slavery

an abolitionist described by one historian as "a man made of the stuff of saints." He believed that God called him to fight slavery - Martyr, Mad-Man, Hero?

Democrat; elected president in 1852

belief in favoring native-born Americans over immigrants

Nativists form American Party (1854)

pursues abolition through laws; affects 1844 election

opposes extension of slavery into territories.

abolitionist, helps found Republican party

1854, unhappy Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers, Know-nothings, abolitionists

Republicans select John C. Frémont Democrat James Buchanan elected; secession averted

slave who had lived in free areas sues for freedom

1857, hands down decision - slaves do not have rights of citizens - no claim to freedom, suit begun in slave state - Congress cannot forbid slavery in territories

- Proslavery Kansas government writes this constitution, seeks statehood - Referendum votes down constitution; President Buchanan endorses it - Stephen Douglas gets second referendum; voters reject it again

elect leaders who do not enforce slavery

1859, leads band to federal arsenal in this to get arms

*South Carolina and 6 other states secede: - want complete independence from federal control - fear end to their way of life - want to preserve slave labor system

- Democrats split over slavery - Lincoln wins with less than half of popular vote

Overflowing crowds attend presidential convention in Chicago.

permits slavery, recognizes each state's sovereignty

Former senator unanimously elected president during confederacy.

calls secesssion illegal

the famed "Pathfinder "who had mapped the Oregon trail and led the troops into California during the war with Mexico

Afraid of Catholicism and Catholics coming from Ireland

used to symbolize the Republicans who believed in one thing, everyone supports ending the expansion of slavery.

- Because of the boom in the this, slavery is critical in the South - North uses the South's cotton

beginning of technology