humanism
the study of the classical culture of Greece and Rome
humanities
emphasized subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history
Petrarch
renaissance humanist, poet, and scholar
Florence
ranked among the richest merchants and bankers in Europe
patron
financial supporter of the arts
Leonardo
painted and created Mona Lisa
Michelangelo
"melancholy genius" and he created David
Raphael
was not only admired for his art but for his sweet and gracious nature
Baldassare Castiglione
wrote "The Book of the Courtier", which describes the values of which a member of the court should have
Niccolo Machiavelli
wrote a guide for rulers to learn to gain and maintain power
Johann Gutenberg
printed the first complete edition of the bible on the printing press
Flanders
thriving center of trade for northern Europe
Albrecht Durer
one of the first northern artist to be affected by the renaissance in Italy
engraving
an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid
vernacular
everyday language of normal people
Erasmus
produced a Greek edition of the Bible
Thomas More
pressed for social reform "Utopia" was the ideal society to More
Shakespeare
between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays and are still being presented around the world
utopian
any ideal society often implicating the society is impractical
indulgences
time a soul would have to spend in purgatory
Martin Luther
Greek monk and professor of theology
Wittenberg
town in Germany