What problems were identified by church reformers during the Middle Ages?
Village priests married, bishops sold church positions, use of lay investiture
What is the practice of selling positions in the church?
Simony
Who was the founder of the Franciscans and co-founder of the poor Clare's?
Francis of Assisi
What's architectural style associated with the age of faith, and intended to a hive greater light and height?
Gothic style
Chief goal of the crusades?
To recover Jerusalem and the holy land from the Muslims
What was the result of the fourth crusade?
Looting Constantinople
Purpose of the reconquista?
To drive Muslims out of Spain by the spanish
What was a negative effect of the crusades that continued to present day?
Hostility between Muslims and Christians
What English king led the third crusade?
Richard the lion hearted
What pope issued the call for the first crusade?
Pope urban 2
What was the organized effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain?
Reconquista
Who was the most famous and respected Muslim leader of his age?
Saladin
What crusade resulted in looting of Constantinople by western Christians?
Fourth crusade
What was the church court used in Spain to persecute Jews and Muslims?
Inquisition
What crusade failed in its goal of recapturing the crusader state of edessa from the Turks?
Second crusade
What crusade resulted in the signing of a truce and an agreement to allow Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem?
Third crusade
What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?
Parliament
What were the effects of the commercial revolution?
Workers paid for labor, more $$$, increased power of king
Who led the Norman conquest of England?
William te conqueror
How did the battle of Hastings change the course of English history?
Norman's took control of England
What King was the first to claim all of England as his personal property?
William the conqueror
Who forced who to sign the magma carta?
English nobility forced King John to sign
What did the magma carta guarentee?
Guaranteed basic political rights
Whose rights did the magma carta originally intend to defend?
The nobles
What provided the origin of English common law?
Royal courts of justice
What did the decisions of the English royal courts of justice create?
Common law
What was the major cause of the great schism?
Arguments about who the real pope was
How was the great schism finally resolved?
All 3 popes resigned and a new pope was chosen
What were John wycliffes main complaints about the church?
Church worldliness and pope authority
What group was most responsible for the spread of bubonic plague to Europe?
Traders
What did the devistation caused by the bubonic plague contribute to?
The end of the Middle Ages
What was the central issue of the Hundred Years' War?
The throne of France
What was the most important effect of the hundred years war?
End of the feudal system and the Middle Ages
