What was the ancient capital of the Incas?
Cuzco
What products came from the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of Latin America?
servants, slaves, and retainers
Who were the Iberians?
Spaniards and Portuguese
During the Middle Ages, which Christian kingdoms emerged in Europe?
Aragon and Castile
Identify three major events that happened in Spain in 1492.
lost control to Muslims, religious favor, Jews left
Define Encomiendas
grants of American Indian laborers
The political organization of Porugal and Castile was made up of what groups of people
lawyers, judges, professional bureaucracy
Portugal developed an agricultural economy heavily based on what product?
sugar
Spain's first established colony in the New World was located on what island?
Hispania
How were the Spanish cities in the caribbean different from those of Europe?
served a a model for actions elsewhere
By the 1520's, what two activities had replaced gold-hunting expeditions in the Caribbean?
ranches and sugar plantations
Identify: Bartolome de Las Casas
Dominican friar ---> initiated the struggle for justice
Identify Hernan Cortes
led expedition to Mexico
Identify Moctezuma II
Aztec emperor that was captured and killed by Cortes
Identify Tenochtitlan
capital city of Aztec
Identify Francisco Pizarro
led men to conquest of Incan Empire
Identify Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
searched for legendary city of gold
What advantages did the conquistadors have over the Native Americans they encountered?
horses, firearms, steel weapons, and ruthless leadership
Whom in Indian society did the Spanish conquers eliminate? Whom did they keep in place?
Spanish landowners
Although most of Central and South America was agrarian, _____ was an essential activity and the basis of Spain's rule in the West Indies.
mininng
What metal has heavily gathered in both Mexico and Peru?
silver
The Haciendas (rural estates) of the Spanish colonies began producing goods primarily for _____.
consumers in america
The raising of sheep in Ecuador, New Spain and Peru lead to the development of _____ where common cloth was produced.
small textile sweatshops
The fleet system that Spain used for trade in the colonies was made possible largely by what type of ship?
galleons
Much of the silver that came from the Americas did not stay in the Spanish treasury because it was needed to pay for ____.
wars
Additionally, the arrival of American silver contributed to ____ and ____first in Spain and later throughout Western Europe.
wars; debt
The _____gave Portugal all claims to the east and Spain all claims to the west in the New World by drawing a hypothetical line around the globe. The country of _____belonged to Portugal.
...
The King of Spain ruled the colonies in the New World through the ____, which issued laws and gave advice to the king.
...
To govern the Americas more effectively, Spain created two _____located in Mexico City and Lima.
...
THe viceroyalties were subdivided into 10 judicial divisions called_____.
...
Brazil was settled mainly to produce _____, which was in short supply in Europe.
dyewood
_____did most of the backbreaking work on the plantations
slaves
Although white planter families and African slaves occupied the upper and lower classes of society, _____ represented a growing segment of the population.
...
The Brazilian economy took a dive in the 1680's until a group known as the _____found _____in the interior of Brazil.
...
In what region was gold discovered in Brazil?
...
The discovery of gold and diamonds in the Brazilian interior was a mixed blessing
positive: greatest source of gold in the Western world
negative: gold strikes by slaves
The port of Rio Janeiro grew in size and importance due to its proximity to what money generators?
...
People in Brazil were categorized by
...
By 1700, slaves made up _____ of the Brazilian Population
...
Who are the castas?
...
Who are the peninsulares?
...
Who are the creoles?
...
A growing sense of self identify contributed to the movements for _____in Latin AMerica
...
Marriages in the Americas were often _____and accompanied by a _____.
...
By the 18th century, Spain's hold in the New World wasa reduced by
...
When the Spanish king, Charles ii, died without an heir, _____ recognized a member of the Bourbon famiy as the rulers of Spain.
...
Spanish dynasty responsible for eighteenth century reforms with in the Spanish empire.
...
Bourbon reforms and commercial changes were a double-edged sword for the American economy.
...
What disrupted old patterns of power and influence, raised expectation, and sometimes provoked violent colonial reactions in both Spanish America and Brazil?
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Identify Tupac Amaru
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