Chapter 2 quiz (US history)

- see this as the end of hte world - when Europeans come in, they give up the will to live, believing its the apocalypse

75,000

est 1565 oldest spanish settlement in north america

- they were looking primarily for gold and silver which were more readily found in central america

defeat of the spanish armada pirates= sir francis drake and jack hawkins

- pirate francis drake from england is patrolling the western coastline, forcing them further inland

-Huan de On~ate sent to New Mexico as governer with 129 soldiers and their families, 7000 livestock, 10 franciscan missionaries

- 500 men killed - 300 women killed - men over 25- cut off 1 foot - most forced into slavery

- begins for real after 1588 (defeat of spanish armada) - emulated spanish - still wanted to to find north west passage - wanted silver/gold/slaves - expected Natives to provide for them

- enclosure of land was common iin England taking away farming land - they had to move to cities where they had to find new types of jobs - advertisements showed America as beautiful and a place of certain wealth

- inhabited by English - in Virginia, Chesapeake Bay area, mouth of James River - deep river allows ship to come right up to port - but land is poor, swampy, in winter water gets murky and causes dysentry -away from Spanish coastline(hiding)

-was chained for part of first journey to US for impassioned speeches - prior mercenary for Austrians, work with Dutch against King Philip - later became a goo leader for the colonists and forced them to work - injured in 1609, forced to go back to england

1609-1610 - brought about from lack of hard work and John Smith's absence - rough, starving winter - population went from 600 to 60 in Jamestown - turn to cannabilism - Natives destroy crops

May 1607 - suffer scurvy (rotten/depleted food supply) - werent ready for farm work/ hard labor - bad shelter-- tree houses - dysentry (from brackish water) - dehydration -survived thru help of Native Americans - had lack of leadership (until Smith)

- new governer when Smith left - enforced martial law to reestablish order after starving time - harsh punishments for not working or stealing food (cut of limb/killed/tortured)

Native American name for Virginia area - meaning "densely populated area"

- threatened by John Smith out of nowhere - bro of chief of one Iroquois tribe

- name meant "little hellion" - spunky child well liked by Europeans - nine when met John Smith (no romantic relationship) - learned english from the settlers and traders - married John Rolff, kept peace between Natives and Europeans until her death

- discovers main cash crop for colony-- tobacco - later marries Pohcanhontas

-main cash crop -mix Native tobacco with some from trinadad= "black gold" - 3 schillings per pound - ruined soil after 2 years (caused europeans to rapidly spread inward, push out Natives)

- became feral, competed in woods with Native Americans for food

- pollinators-- apple and pear trees - change landscape even more - take over more land

- change landscape - eat leaves on ground, soil eroded more easily - Natives well maintained forest, worms made this more difficult

- were meant to meet the colonies increasing need for labor (but didnt) - after 5 years of slave labor, they were promised 100 acres (*before 1616) or 50 acres (*after 1616)

House of Burgess (legistlative type panel) - located in jamestown - unicameral (1 chamber) - all wealthy white men land owners

- governer - appointed in England

- didnt succumb to diseases as easily - used to working in heat - dont know lay of land, escape would be harder - stick out if they do manage to run away

- 1624 - Virginia COmpany went bankrupt (because of conflict with the powhatans) so colony taken over by Britain

- 1595 appointed gov of new mexico by viceroy - married to daughter of Aztec daughter and Cortes - mexican by birth - banished from new mexico for cruel treaetment of Natives, but when he returned to Spain was knighted and made chief mine inspector

- gov of new mexico after onate - made santa fe the capital in 1610

joint stock companies

the Virginia Company

farmers

bowled daily

wanted gold, dug for gold instead of planting crops

- cause conflict because unwilling to share land with Natives - take land without making payment - thought taking land from Natives was their God given right

fur trading and trapping

Samuel de Champlain

1660s

New France - popualtion growth was slow - feudal land system - no Protestants allowed - Peasants couldnt own land

- nearly exterminated beavers - more likely to start wars with other tribes - had to go further back into the country to find animals

TRADE

English and Spanish

- established to entive english to settle in America - come before 1616= 100 acres - come after= 50 acres

- Spanish practice of demanding goods and presents from Native Americnas as tribute - also their labor

- Americas first representative body = house of burgesses - first big wave of slaves and indentured servants - Headrights established

- settled in small groups which didnt completely take over landscape - did not force Natives to convert - French learned about hte Natives culture and society and language - good traders (fur)

- September 6,1620 - March 21, 1621 -102 passengers (67 were not pilgrims) - 20 crewmen - tightly packed (because at double capacity from the passengers from the Speewell) - Scurvy and malnutrition - too high salt intake -- dehydration, diabetes, high blood pressure

the Virginia Company

Hudson River because north enough from Jamestown so nto to compete

1620 - signed on board the Mayflower when they realized out of Virgina Company jurisdiction - all men sign to agree on rule of law in settlement - Declare leaders, promise to follow them - assigned name in 1793 - first constitution in America

abandoned villages in plymouth area when small pox wiped most out, giving the pilgrims the false notion that the land was not inhabited

- survived small pox because he had been sold earlier into slavery - found unburied bodies of his tribesmen - teaches settlers hor to hunt, fish, farm (also aided by Pokanokets)

- feast for three days - maybe first thanksgiving (disputed by virginians) - settlers and pokanokets

1633 - first gov of plymouth - thought the pilgrims were spared from small pox plague because of Gods will

- literal/ simple interpretation - pseudo-middle age thinking (everything chalked up to Gods will)

- 1630-- puritans - 10 years after pilgrims - 1000 ppl come over - not a capitalist endeavor(financed personally by puritans) - leader = John Winthrop - designed to be a model community - "Beacon of hope" shining example of utopian society - theocracy (no separation of church and state)

gave up on England didnt believe the church there could be reformed thought best thing was a clean slate

still hoped that England would reform wanted to be a model for what England shoud do

- Boston Commons (set aside as land for public use) - Boston latin school and Harvard (spurred american public school system)

Democracy - mob rule - thought rule by council of wise elders would be best

- predestination - heaven and hell - harsh punishments

Puritans made set of laws - combined english common law, their own statuates, adn biblical law - capital punishment for adultery (2 people) - repressive for women - background for salem witch trials - no religious freedom (persecuted not puritans) - children disrespectful could be put to death

- put in place by GOd - family hierarchy important - families usu had 5 kids - family was the foundation (no singles allowed in colony if not living with a family)

- bog on the sins of Eve--- women were not given a voice in any decisions, considered emotionally inferior to men, punished for eve by pain in childbirth: shouldnt try ot help pain because it = penance

60-70

- religion - family - community