Mercantilism
an economic system whereby the government intervenes the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth
Key law of Mercantilism
The Navigation Acts
Exports
British: Sugar Colonies: Tobacco, rice, and indigo
Imports
MAnufactured goods then exported to colonies
Enumerated Products
Enumerated in acts of Parliment that could be legally shipped from the colony of origin only to specified locations
Examples of Enumerated Products
Tabacco, Sugar, and Indigo
Navigation Acts of 1660
required all colonial trade to be carried in English ships; required master and three quarters of crews to be English; Created list of enumerated goods, such as tobacco and sugar, that could be shipped only to England or another English colony
Navigation Acts of 1696
Plugged loopholes in earlier laws; created vice-admiralty courts in colonies to enfore trade regulations
Ways that the Colonies were like britian
All Major Cities were seaports Libraries, Churches, Collage Buildings Had a largest city (Philadelphia) Men worked as Artisans Colonial Manufacturing took place in workshops attached to artisan's houses Architect Buildings The gap between rich and poor is getting bigger
Halfway Covenant
Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy to deal with the problem of declining church membership, allowing children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion
Dead dogs
Boring, long, winded preachers
Enlightenment
Major intellectual movement occurring in the late 17th century and early 18th century. Focuses on Human reason, in making decisions and governing (less religious)
John Locke
Famous Philosopher which his ideas had formed the basis of the Declaration of Independence
Great Awakening
tremendous religious revival in colonial America striking first in the Middle colonies and New England in the 1740s and then spreading to the south. A religious rebirth.
Jonathan Edwards
A famous speaker in the Great Awakening
"Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God"
A speech by Jonathan edwards
George Whitefield
A famous preacher
Old lights
Old and boring preachers (dead dogs)
New lights
younger and traditional preachers
Results of great awakening
1. emphasis on individual choice 2. less respect to older clergy 3. "churches" split into different denomination 4. Encourages missionary work with Indians and Black Slaves 5. "new lights" collages appeared (brown, rutgers, princeton) 6. 1st spontaneous movement in the colonies 7. gave colonists a sense of unity
Salem Witch Trials
took place in 1692, in which 19 were executed, problems were blamed on a scapegoat
characteristics of "witches"
Women, young and old, criminals, had none or very little family, wealthy
Salem Village vs Salem Town
Salem Villages- poor farmers Salem Town- urban people, rich, had seaport to trade
Dominion of New England
Maine to New Jersey ( 8 Colonies)
Edmund Andros
Governed the Dominion of New England
King James II
Catholic and Absolutist
Glorious Revolution
(1688) English Bill of Rights, Dominion of New England is abolished, Salutary neglect
King William and Queen Mary
James protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to take the throne of James II
Salutary Neglect
British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parlimentary laws, meant to keep the american colonies obidient to England
Virtual Representation
Cannot vote (member of parliment will for you)
Actual Representation
You can vote
Colonial Legislatures
the colonial assembly that makes the laws for the colony
Colonists attitudes toward governors
did not like them, because they were appointed by the king. They were very powerful.
Benjamin Franklin
(famous scientist) founding father/ created electricity/ served as postmaster general under congress
Albany Congress
A meeting of most but not all colonies. Tried to see how to organize the colonies for the French and Indian war. Ben Franklin proposed Albany Plan of Union
ALbany plan of Union
plan to place British North America colonies under a more centralized government
French and Indian War
(also known as the 7 year war) started when France expanded into the Ohio River valley. Brought repeated conflict with the claims of british colonies
Hurons
Indians that supported the French
Iroquois
Indians that supported the British
Fort Necessity
A french victory in 1754
Braddock's Blunder
A french victory in 1755. A major loss for britian
General Edward Braddock
The general that was captured when attacking Fort Duquense
Forst Oswego
A french victory in 1756 in which the French started to view indians as mere savages
Marquis de Montcalm
A french war leader
Lord Loudoun
british general
Massacre at Fort William Henry
lead to "europeanization" of war
William Pitt
Became the prime minister of England in 1751. Was responsible to improve relations with the colonists
Battle of Quebec
TURNING POINT OF THE WAR. British Victory. Gave them control of the St. Lawerence River
Gen. James Wolfe
British General the replaced Lord Loudoun
Treaty of Paris
France gave all colonies east of the Mississippi to Britan. France gave New Orleans to Spain