Early Film History

Practice where a single entity (ie a production company or studio) controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

stated that vertical integration constitutes a monopoly and is therefore illegal (often ignored today)

Housed in "parlors," pre-projection. Developed by Thomas Edison, the first continuous-film motion picture viewing machine to gain public acceptance. An individual peered through an eyepiece at a continuous 50-foot loop of 35mm positive film, which established the 35mm format as the motion picture standard.

The very first "movie theaters" of which there were over 5,000 in the US in 1908.

newspaper writer; suggested movies were appropriate entertainment for the "booboise" of America.

A move towards projection; used a mirror system.

a photograph made by an early method on a plate of chemically treated metal (developed by Louis JM Daguerre)

Hired by Leland Stanford (governor of California in 1878) to win a bet proving that at one point, a horse's hooves are all off the ground at the same time; thus, captured motion with still frames.

Spinning wheel that had a rod in the back that you would use to spin it. Focus on one part of the circle to create image

Purportedly recorded sound synchronously with the use of the Edison wax cylinder.

Edison's film studio

Allowed film to be moved, held, and exposed.

Early film with aesthetic, quality, and thematic value.

18th Century example of early projection device.

French brothers who created early mobile camera, were the fathers of film in France and were developing the medium in France at the same time as Edison in America. Believed in capturing "reality," not stories.

Created by Edison; considered the first "effects" film.

created by James Stuart Blackton; first American animated film

one of the most important figures in theater. American playwright, director, producer. Known for excessive emotion. His rules of melodrama and farce were used by early film directors, especially Griffith.

A Magician and "genius"; French filmmaker famous for leading many technical developments in early cinema, he is most famous A Trip to the Moon ( Le voyage dans la Lune)

Originated techniques like close-up, tracking shot, POV, pan, and cross-cut.

First used multiple camera positions for the same action (coverage).

in 1913, introduced the assembly line, and the notion of division of labor.