In the twelvemonth 2005, the energy ingestion in Malaysia is about 38.9 Mtoe which is addition about 5.6 per centum from the twelvemonth 2000. Oil is a significant part of energy consumed which is about 63 per centum. It is chiefly used in the industrial and conveyance sector. Natural gas ingestion besides increased in analogue with the fuel electricity demand. Although it is decrease from 77 per centum in yea 2000 to 70 per centum in twelvemonth 2005 but it still considered as a high in the portion of natural gas with the electricity coevals. Actually the authorities wants to increase the portion of coal in the electricity coevals mix, but it merely reached about 22 per centum in 2005.
In twelvemonth 1980, Malaysia authorities introduced the National Depletion Policy. It is because Malaysia has many conventional energy resources ( oil and gas ) and renewable energy such as hydro, biomass and solar energy. The intent of this policy is to develop the economic system 's oil and gas in a sustainable mode and fixed the maximal day-to-day oil and gas production degrees. The production degrees for the natural gas militias are expected to last another 33 old ages and oil militias are expected to last another 19 old ages.
Malaysia authorities introduced the Five Fuel Strategy in order to happen alternate energy beginnings after oil, coal, natural gas and hydro. In 2005, biodiesel was introduced for the conveyance sector to accomplish sustainable energy development through variegation of fuel beginning.
Energy demand
The portion of Malaysia 's urban population will increase from 63 per centum in 2002 to 78 per centum in 2030. Besides, the existent GDP besides increase about 3.4 per centum per annum. The increasing of population and existent GDP will take to alter in lifestyle and do energy demand besides increase in the conveyance, commercial and industrial sector.
Beginning: Global Penetrations ( 2005 )
Figure: Real GDP and Population
The concluding energy demand until 2030 shows the industry sector will hold the highest growing rate which is about 4.3 per centum. The 2nd growing rate is transport sector at 3.9 per centum and followed by residential at 3.1 per centum. The lowest growing rate energy demand is commercial sector at 2.7 per centum. The concluding energy demand is shown in figure below.
Beginning: APERC Analysis ( 2006 )
Figure: Final Energy Demand
Although the concluding energy demand for the industry sector is the growing rate, but its mean one-year growing is decrease about 7.5 per centum over the past two decennaries. It is because of the switching industry construction from energy intensive to non-intensive energy and betterment of energy efficiency. Energy demand for natural gas is expected to growing at 43 per centum of industrial demand in 2030. Hence, substitute the oil as a primary fuel in Malaysia. Malaysia authorities makes many programs in order to happen alternate renewable fuel. It can see by the development of biomass energy in Malaysia. Biomass energy is used in cogeneration by palm oil industries.
Intro Production
The Malayan authorities stated that mush and paper industry as one of the of import sector for investing in the 2nd industrial maestro program ( IMP 2 ) . The chief aim of this program is to accomplish a province of ego sufficient, cut down import and promote foreign capital influx. Although, in the twelvemonth 1997 occur Asiatic Crisis, the mush and paper industry still can last to make their production. No mill was closed down or taken by larger companies at this clip. The mush and paper industry merely produce little production because they cutting the cost of production but still efficient. This industry besides concentrating on niche markets at the national graduated table. Until now, this industry becomes one of the of import sectors that contribute to development of Malaysia economic system. The entire capacity of mush and paper production is about over than one million tones per twelvemonth and it is increase twelvemonth by twelvemonth.
In Malaysia, the production of mush and paper industry does non carry through the domestic ingestion. Malaysia had ever dependent on newspaper import.
Figure: Malaya Pulp Production and Consumption
Figure: Malaysia Paper Production and Consumption
Malaya is turning in the paper recycling procedure. Many mills use about 95 per centum wastepaper as a natural stuff base. Some company makes net income by selling the wastepaper to another company. The authorities decided to censor export of wastepaper to do certain that all of the wastepaper collected stayed in the state.
Figure: Pulp and Paper mill in Malaya
From the figure, there are 20 mills of mush and paper in Malaysia. For the instance survey, three mills were selected. The mills are:
Cenpak Holding ( M ) Sdn Bhd
Plo 59, Jalan Perusahaan 4,
Senai Industrial Estate,
81400 Senai, Johor.
The company specialising in the maker of expandible polystyrene boxes and corrugated
paper cartons merchandises. This company was established in twelvemonth 1991.
2 ) Genting Sanyen Industrial Paper Sdn Bhd
Batch 7090. Mukim Tg. 12, Karung Berkunci 206,
42700 Banting, Selangor
Malaya
The company specialising in the maker of line drives and corrugated medium documents. This
company was established in twelvemonth 1992. It has approximately 600 employees working in this company.
The company is able to bring forth 250,000 M/T of industrial paper per twelvemonth.
3 ) Ornapaper Industry ( M ) Sdn Bhd
No. 8998, Kawasan Perindustrian Peringkat IV
Batu Berendam
75350 Melaka
Malaya
The company specialising in the maker of corrugated cartons and boards. This company
was established in twelvemonth 1990.It has approximately 300 employees working in two displacements. The company is
able to bring forth 100,000 M/T of corrugated boards and cartons per twelvemonth.
Table shows the entire operating hr and net production for each mill. From the tabular array below, the highest production and runing hr is from Genting Sanyen compared to Ornapaper and Cenpak. It is because Genting Sanyen has a big works and many fabrication machines that allow to bring forth a big sum of production.
No
Item
Unit of measurement
Cenpak
Genting Sanyen
Ornapaper
1
2
Operating hr
Net Production
h/yr
t/yr
6240
6,645
8400
196,631
5840
43,756
Table: Entire runing hr and net production
Operational government and production figures
Cenpak Holding ( M ) Sdn Bhd
The works operates for 24 hours a twenty-four hours throughout the twelvemonth. The operational government of the works differs harmonizing to the procedure as shown in table below.
No
Item
Unit of measurement
Figure
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Base information
CCB
Corrugator machine
Flexo Printing machines
Waste H2O intervention
EPS
Preexpansion
Modeling machines
Dryers
Boiler room operation
Boiler 1
Boiler 2
h/yr
h/yr
h/yr
h/yr
h/yr
h/yr
h/yr
h/yr
3,120
3,120
3,120
6,240
6,240
6,240
6,240
3,120
Plant operational government
The monthly net production end product for the period January 2000 to December 2000 is shown in the undermentioned tabular array.
Calendar month
Unit of measurement
Expanded polystyrene
Corrugated carton box
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Sum
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
59
74
62
48
57
65
66
66
53
64
45
36
695
567
743
478
479
478
422
533
472
453
565
456
306
5,950
Entire net production for the mention period
Genting Sanyen Industrial Paper Sdn Bhd
Operational government and production figures
The works operates for 24 hours a twenty-four hours throughout the twelvemonth. The operational government of the works for each section is shown in table below.
Department
Working
( yearss )
Number of Shifts
Working Hours
Annual Operating Hours
Stock readying
7
3
24
8,400
Paper machine
7
3
24
8,400
Care
7
3
24
8,400
The monthly production end product for the twelvemonth 2000 is given in the tabular array below.
Calendar month
Production ( T )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Entire
16,055
16,073
15,961
16,266
16,928
17,078
16,944
16,686
14,960
17,144
15,743
16,795
196,631
Ornapaper Industry ( M ) Sdn Bhd
The Ornapaper works operates 16 hours a twenty-four hours on two displacements. However, certain subdivisions operate over longer periods. The one-year operating hours of the works harmonizing to the procedure are shown in Table below
Plant one-year runing hr
Unit of measurement
Figure
Corrugator machine
Printing machine
Waste H2O intervention
Boiler
Compressor
Hr/yr
Hr/yr
Hr/yr
Hr/yr
Hr/yr
5840
5840
5840
5840
5840
The monthly production end product of the works for the twelvemonth 2002 is shown table below
Calendar month
Unit of measurement
Corrugated box
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
Tones
4,234
2,976
4,054
3,946
4,256
3,818
3,375
3,157
3,190
3,571
3,659
3,520
Entire
Tones
43,756
Monthly production for the twelvemonth 2002
Manufacturing procedure
For the instance survey, fabricating procedure for each mill is different. It is because each works produces different merchandise and different machine. In order to accomplish energy salvaging step, it is of import to cognize the fabrication procedure and it energy ingestion in the procedure.
Cenpak Holding ( M ) Sdn Bhd
The company produces expandible polystyrene boxes and corrugated box. The production of corrugated box based on the client specification. The production procedure is begins with starch readying and paper axial rotations.
The following phase is corrugators subdivision. In this subdivision, the corrugator machine will convey together a sheet of paper to organize individual or dual bed corrugated paper. The paper is produced in a uninterrupted procedure harmonizing to the merchandise design and specifications.
The machine is divided into chief subdivisions, flute and hot home base subdivisions. The flute subdivision is divided into flutes portion and dual angel. The paper axial rotations are transported under the axial rotation stands utilizing conveyers. The operator so feeds the axial rotations into the corrugators. In the individual facer, the paper is which give the paper the fluted form. Starch is applied to the tips of the flutes on one side and the interior line drive is glued to the flute. The corrugated flute medium with one line drive attached to it, is called individual phaser web and travels along the machine towards dual angel. This subdivision is known as line preheater. There, the individual facer web meets the outer line drive and forms the corrugated board.
After the board emerges from dual angel, it passes a steam heated a steam flatcar known as hot home base, the cutter cuts the board to the exact required length to obtain the corrugated sheet. Finally, corrugated sheets are stacked and sent to the 2nd subdivision of the corrugators hall by operators.
Then, the corrugated carton box goes to following procedure which is publishing and slotting, cutting, turn uping and pasting the board to fabricate a corrugated box. In this subdivision, it have flexographic or flexo machines. This machine will publish, cuts, creases and glues the board into the concluding form in one operation. Unfortunately, non all operation can be managing with flexo machine. For the big poster board or more sophisticated packaging manner instance, it will travel to decease cutting and sewing or pasting procedure manually.
Last, the corrugated carton box will be sent to review subdivision. In this subdivision, the merchandise will be inspects whether it is fulfill the client specification or non. After the review subdivision is complete, the merchandise will be sent to the client.
Flow Diagram of corrugated box procedure
Starch Preparation
Paper Rolls
Corrugator
Printing
Die Cut
Gluing/Stitching
Inspection
Delivery
The 2nd of merchandise in this company is expandible polystyrene boxes. Figure below shows the general procedure to do the expandible polystyrene boxes.
EPS RESIN
NEW MOULD
EXPANDER
SILO AGING
Molding Machine
REQUIRE DRYING
DRYING
Packing material
STORING
Delivery
Energy use at modeling procedure.
Polystyrene modeling procedure requires the supply of steam, compressed air, electricity, chilling H2O and vacuity. Steam is required to provide heat for the formation of the polystyrene mold and chilling H2O to chill the vacuity pumps and molds. Compressed air is chiefly needed for the control of the molding procedure, purge of H2O and gap of the mold. Vacuum is required in the chilling and emptying of extra steam before the mold gap.
Genting Sanyen Industrial Paper Sdn Bhd
Flow diagram of production procedure of paper
Waste Paper
Raw stuff Storage
Stock Preparation
Paper Machine
Whitewater Preparation
Wire Section
Imperativeness Section
Dryer Section
Completing Section
Paper Rolls
First, the waste paper is collected and some waste paper is import from another company. After that, the natural stuff will be store up to six-month supply. The stock readying starts with the cleansing procedure. It starts with the centrifugal cleansing of the diluted mixture of contaminated fibres. The diluted waste paper mixture is pumped to different machines whose intent it is to divide the useable fibres from the ink or any other soiled stuff, which might be attached to the fibre.
The mixture has to be farther diluted, dewatered, washed and pressed to hold those fibres reclaimed, which are clean and transcend a certain fibre size, the remainder is discarded as sludge.
The fibres are separated in short and long fibres to command the strength and quality of the paper by choosing the appropriate mixture in the paper production subsequently on.
Then, the procedure continues to the paper machine subdivision. The paper machine is used as a large drier which transform the loose fibres into solid sheet of paper. The paper machine can be spliting into another subdivision which is the white water readying system, the wire subdivision, the imperativeness subdivision, the drier subdivision with size imperativeness and finishing subdivision.
Whitewater readying is provides the circulating H2O for the paper machine. The wire subdivision is orientating the fibres on a traveling screen ( wire ) and allows large measures of H2O to go through through. The imperativeness subdivision presses the H2O in the imperativeness felt which in bend is cleaned with hard-hitting H2O noses and suction tubings for H2O remotion. For the drier subdivision it will distilling inside the cylinder and heats the surface to about 140 & A ; deg ; C. Lastly, the finishing subdivision provides a steel calendar for smoothing the surface.
Ornapaper Industry ( M ) Sdn Bhd
The company produce corrugated box which is same with the Cenpak Holding. Hence, the fabrication procedure to bring forth corrugated box besides same. The procedure involve with starch readying and paper axial rotations, corrugators, printing, dice cut, pasting, review and bringing.
Energy use at the corrugator
The energy consumed at the corrugators subdivision is electrical and thermic energy. Electrical energy is used to run motors, fans and compressor. Thermal energy or steam supplied to the assorted subdivisions of the corrugators. . Boiler is used to bring forth steam for corrugator subdivision to blow H2O intervention works ( WWTP ) . Steam is supplied through a distribution pipe and the distribution is shown in figure below.
Boiler
Steam Heading
Conveyer
Hot Plate
Double Becker
Preheater
Water Tank
Intro energy ingestion
Energy ingestion of mush and paper industry is about 3 per centum from the entire industrial energy ingestion in Malaysia. The mush and paper industry self-generates from the energy required to back up the fabrication procedure. Wood waste fuels, chemical waste fuel watercourse and power cogeneration is the illustration of the spontaneous. Table below show the Malayan industrial energy ingestion in 2003.
Cenpak Holding ( M ) Sdn Bhd
Energy and public-service corporations ingestion
The public-service corporations supplied to the site are electricity, Medium Fuel Oil ( MFO ) and H2O. The entire energy ingestion of the mill and the one-year energy and public-service corporation costs in the twelvemonth 2001 is shown in table below.
No
Item
Unit of measurement
Measure
Cost th.RM
1
2
3
4
MFO
Electricity
Water
Sum
th.ltr
MWh
th.m3
Th.RM
1,363
2,961
35
736
688
76
1,501
Annual energy public-service corporation ingestion and costs for the twelvemonth 2001
Chart: one-year energy public-service corporation ingestion ( 2001 )
From the pie chart, we can see that MFO and electricity contribute major energy to the Cenpak Holding. Therefore, it recommended concentrating to this energy to cut down the cost.
Description of the electric web
The mill is billed under Duty E2 by TNB. The electric use, demand and cost sum-up for 2001 is shown in table below.
Calendar month
On-peak ( KWh )
Off-peak ( KWh )
Entire ( KWh )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Entire
Annually cost ( th.RM/yr )
Average monetary value RM/KWh
167,160
157,800
156,450
141,350
113,510
151,000
151,320
185,440
170,200
157,130
152,220
124,810
1,828,390
380
96,390
91,250
88,690
98,050
76,980
96,920
107,710
119,000
101,440
102,330
88,550
65,780
1,133,090
145
263,550
249,050
245,140
239,400
190,490
247,920
259,030
304,440
271,640
259,460
240,770
190,590
2,961,480
688
0.232
Electricity duty
Item
Unit of measurement
Rate
Electrical energy
Duty codification
On peak period rate
Off peak period rate
Maximal demand for each KWh
RM/KWh
RM/KWh
RM/month
E3S
0.208
0.128
21.70
From the graph, we can see that the highest electricity ingestion was in August and the lowest is in May. The electricity ingestion is all of a sudden reduced in May and get down addition from June to August. The peak clip and off extremum is reduced towards the terminal of the twelvemonth.
Fuel supply and ingestion
The fuel used at Cenpak Holding is Medium Fuel Oil ( MFO ) . MFO is used in the boiler. The MFO ingestion and costs for the twelvemonth 2001 is shown in table below.
No
Fuel
Unit of measurement
Figure
Entire cost ( th.RM )
1
MFO
ltr
1,363,250
736
Water Consumption
Water ingestion for the twelvemonth 2001 is shown in table below.
Calendar month
Consumption ( M3 )
Cost ( RM )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Entire
2,351
2,560
2,806
2,720
2,747
3,473
2,743
2,580
2,251
3,486
3,720
3,077
34,514
4,558.93
5,722.81
6,274.98
6,080.85
6,142.08
7,768.32
6,132.37
5,768.00
5,031.04
7,797.05
8,320.85
6,881.28
76,478.56
From the graph, we can see that the highest H2O ingestion was in November and the lowest is in January. The cost for the H2O ingestion is parallel with the H2O ingestion. Higher the H2O ingestion, higher the cost.
Genting Sanyen Industrial Paper Sdn Bhd
Energy and public-service corporation ingestion
The public-service corporations supplied to the site are electricity, steam, and H2O. The one-year energy cost in the twelvemonth 2000 for each public-service corporation is shown in table below.
No
Utility
Unit of measurement
Consumption
Equivalent Energy
Cost
GJ
%
1000 RM
%
1
2
3
Electricity
Steam
Water
MWh
T
M3
98,602
316,199
2,247,232
1,268
867,334
-
868,602
0.15
99.85
-
100
19,720
7,905
1123.6
28,746
25
73
3
100
Chart one-year cost for each public-service corporation
From the pie chart, we can see that electricity consume the major portion of the cost which is 69 % . Therefore, it is recommended concentrating the electricity energy to cut down the cost.
Specific electricity ingestion per ton ( EUI )
The specific electricity ingestion per ton ( EUI ) for the twelvemonth 2000 is shown in the tabular array below.
Calendar month
Electricity ( MWh )
Production ( T )
EUI ( MWh/t )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
7,185
7,063
6,929
7,246
7,365
8,623
8,772
8,766
8,201
9,319
8,693
10,441
16,055
16,073
15,961
16,266
16,928
17,078
16,944
16,686
14,960
17,144
15,743
16,795
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.45
0.44
0.50
0.52
0.53
0.55
0.54
0.55
0.62
Entire
98,602
196,631
0.50
Table specific electricity ingestion per ton ( EUI )
From the graph, we can see that specific energy ingestion per ton ( EUI ) reaches the highest in December and lowest in March. The mean electricity ingestion is 0.50 MWh/ton.
Specific steam ingestion
The specific steam ingestion ( EUI ) for the twelvemonth 2000 is shown in the tabular array below.
Calendar month
Steam ( T )
Production ( T )
EUI ( t/t )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
26,074
26,270
26,023
27,029
27,142
27,024
24,658
28,111
27,247
28,353
22,333
25,935
16,055
16,073
15,961
16,266
16,928
17,078
16,944
16,686
14,960
17,144
15,743
16,795
1.62
1.63
1.63
1.66
1.60
1.58
1.46
1.68
1.82
1.65
1.42
1.54
Entire
316,199
196,631
1.61
Table specific steam ingestion per ton ( EUI )
Specific steam ingestion
From the graph, we can see that specific steam ingestion ( EUI ) reaches the highest in September and lowest in November. The mean electricity ingestion is 1.61 t/t.
The specific H2O ingestion for the twelvemonth 2000 is shown in the tabular array below.
Calendar month
Water ( M3 )
Production ( T )
Spec. Water Consumption ( m3/t )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
18,2257
16,6727
17,7752
17,7061
17,9752
18,5445
20,6532
19,7667
19,4102
20,0148
18,2558
19,7231
16,055
16,073
15,961
16,266
16,928
17,078
16,944
16,686
14,960
17,144
15,743
16,795
11.35
10.37
11.14
10.89
10.62
10.86
12.19
11.85
12.97
11.67
11.60
11.74
Entire
2,247,232
196,631
11.43
Table specific H2O ingestion.
From the graph, we can see that specific H2O ingestion ( EUI ) reaches the highest in September and lowest in February. The mean electricity ingestion is 11.43 m3/t.
Energy and Utilities Consumption
The major energy consumed in their works is light fuel oil ( LFO ) , electricity and diesel oil. Electricity is utilised chiefly for its procedure machine such as corrugator, publishing machines, sewing machine, compressor, fan and office. LFO is used by boiler to bring forth steam while Diesel is chiefly used for vehicles. The entire energy and public-service corporations ingestion for the twelvemonth 2002 is shown in table below.
No
Item
Unit of measurement
Measure
Cost th.RM
1
2
3
4
LFO
Diesel
Electricity
Water
Sum
th.ltr
th.ltr
MWh
M3
th.RM
1,485
102
3,294
24,346
980
64
605
36
1,685
Chart: one-year energy public-service corporation ingestion ( 2002 )
From the pie chart, we can see that LFO and electricity contribute major energy to the Ornapaper. Therefore, it recommended concentrating to this energy to cut down the cost.
Electricity duty
The site belongs to TNB 's duty codification E2 - Medium Voltage Peak / Off-peak Industrial Tariff. Table below shows the duty rate.
Item
Unit of measurement
Rate
Electrical energy
Duty codification
On peak period rate
Off peak period rate
Maximal demand for each KWh
RM/KWh
RM/KWh
RM/month
E2
0.208
0.128
21.70
Electricity ingestion
Table below shows the monthly electricity ingestion and costs for the twelvemonth 2002.
Calendar month
On-peak ( KWh )
Off-peak ( KWh )
Entire ( KWh )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Entire
198,000
195,860
200,350
218,840
209,570
209,570
210,520
215,850
215,380
202,780
212,690
186,130
2,475,540
100,270
85,040
111,930
111,460
112,460
112,460
73,460
84,720
78,260
73,060
61,250
62,640
1,067,010
298,270
280,900
312,280
330,300
322,030
322,030
283,980
300,570
293,640
275,840
273,940
248,770
3,542,550
Annually cost ( th.RM/yr )
515
137
651
Average monetary value ( RM/KWh ) 0.184
Graph: Electricity Consumption ( 2002 )
From the graph, we can see that the highest electricity ingestion was in April and the lowest is in December. The peak clip is about same throughout the twelvemonth but the off extremum is reduced towards the terminal of the twelvemonth.
Fuel ingestion
Light Fuel Oil ( LFO ) and Diesel are used at Ornapaper. As reference before, LFO is used for boiler to bring forth steam and Diesel is used for vehicle. Table below shows the fuel ingestion for the twelvemonth 2002.
No
Fuel
Unit of measurement
Figure
Entire cost ( th.RM )
1
1.1
1.2
Liquid fuel
LFO
Diesel
ltr
ltr
1,621,280
101919
1070
64
Entire Cost
1134
Specific Energy Consumption ( 2002 )
Calendar month
Electricity ( KWh )
LFO ( ltr )
Production ( metric tons )
Specific Energy Consumption
Electricity ( Kwh/tonnes )
LFO ( GJ/tonnes )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
298,270
280,900
312,280
330,300
322,030
322,030
283,980
300,570
293,640
275,840
273,940
248,770
99,655
71,182
160,527
93,764
239,073
130,255
145,800
149,236
87,873
164,152
143,427
136,337
4,234
2,976
4,054
3,946
4,256
3,818
3,375
3,157
3,190
3,571
3,659
3,520
70.4
94.4
77.0
83.7
75.7
84.4
84.1
95.2
92.1
77.2
74.9
70.7
0.85
0.86
1.43
0.86
2.03
1.23
1.56
1.71
1.00
1.66
1.42
1.40
Entire
3,542,550
1,621,280
43,756
81.6
1.33
Graph specific energy ingestion ( electricity )
From the graph, we can see specific energy ingestion highest in February and the lowest in January. Specific energy ingestion is cut down from October to January. Therefore, it is chances to cut down the electricity ingestion.
Graph specific energy ingestion ( LFO )
From the graph, we can see specific energy ingestion highest in May and the lowest in January. Specific energy ingestion is about same from January to February. Therefore, it is chances to cut down theLFO ingestion and step energy salvaging for the boiler.
Water Consumption
Water is used for boiler to bring forth steam and for publishing procedure at the Ornapaper. The H2O ingestion for Ornapaper in the twelvemonth 2002 is given in table below.
Calendar month
Figure ( M3 )
Entire Cost ( th.RM )
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Entire
1,480
1,581
2,486
1,994
2,349
2,331
2,245
1,986
1,171
1,194
1,676
3,265
23,758
2,175.60
2,324.07
3,654.42
2,931.18
3,453.03
3,426.57
3,300.15
2,919.42
1,721.37
1,755.18
2,463.72
4,799.55
34,924.26
Graph H2O consumotion and cost ( 2002 )
From the graph, we can see that the highest H2O ingestion was in December and the lowest is in September. The cost for the H2O ingestion is parallel with the H2O ingestion. Higher the H2O ingestion, higher the cost.
