Exam 4 Answer Key

Which of the following does the text define as a family? A. a set of people related by blood, marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship), or adoption who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society B. a married couple and their unmarried children living together C. two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring D. all of these

A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a (an) A. nuclear family. B. extended family. C. matrilocal family. D. patrilocal family.

A married couple, their children, and other relatives—such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles—living together in the same household constitute a(an) A. nuclear family. B. extended family. C. matrilocal family. D. patrilocal family.

Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which A. one woman and one man are married only to each other. B. a woman may have several husbands at the same time. C. a man may have several wives at the same time. D. two men or two women are married only to each other.

Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. Steve's life would be an example of A. polygamy. B. polygyny. C. serial monogamy. D. polyandry.

What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time? A. monogamy B. polygamy C. polygyny D. polyandry

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. ethnocentric perspective

Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.? A. matrilineal B. patrilineal C. bilateral D. multidimensional

Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a(an) A. matriarchy. B. patriarchy. C. neolocal society. D. egalitarian society

A matriarchy is a society in which A. women hold greater authority than men. B. women hold no authority at all. C. men hold greater authority than women. D. women and men hold equal amounts of authority.

In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals? A. neolocal B. bilateral C. egalitarian D. homogamous

Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification in which men have held a dominant position over women? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. labeling perspective

Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict and feminist perspectives C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective

Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of A. hypergamy. B. endogamy. C. homogamy. D. exogamy.

. The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as A. exogamy. B. hypergamy. C. endogamy. D. homogamy.

Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican-American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of A. machismo. B. familism. C. a domestic partnership. D. homogamy.

The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as A. functions of the family. B. fostering. C. adoption. D. cohabitation.

Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise of dual-income families in the U.S.? A. economic need B. transient jobs C. females pursuing their career D. all of these

The increasing divorce rate in the U.S. is attributable to A. a general increase in family incomes and free legal aid. B. more liberal divorce laws. C. greater opportunities for women. D. all of these

Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they eventually decide not to get married. This is an example of A. cohabitation. B. an extended family. C. heterogamy. D. both cohabitation and an extended family.

Which of the following factors has contributed to the amount of childlessness in the U.S.? A. couples not believing that having children automatically follows from marriage B. couples not considering reproduction to be the duty of all married couples C. economic considerations D. all of these

Which sociological perspective views marriage as a social institution closely tied to human reproduction? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective

. Which sociological perspective suggests that denial of the right to marry reinforces the second-class status of gays and lesbians? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. labeling theory

Which of the following is an example of a domestic partnership? A. Joe and Mike, a gay couple, live together in an apartment. B. Jane and Liz, a lesbian couple, live together in a house. C. Fred and Estelle, an unmarried couple who are both widowed and in their 70s, live in an apartment in order to care for each other and share living expenses. D. all of these

Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of A. latent functions of education. B. manifest functions of education. C. manifest dysfunctions of education. D. latent dysfunctions of education.

A college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups. This A. is illegal in most states. B. serves a latent function of education. C. serves a manifest function of education. D. is an attempt to resocialize improper behavior.

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of education in human society? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

Which sociological perspective views education as an instrument of elite domination? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

In the U.S., schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience is referred to as A. credentialism. B. the correspondence principle. C. the hidden curriculum. D. the teacher-expectancy effect.

An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is called A. the hidden curriculum. B. escalation. C. credentialism. D. the worker-expectancy effect.

What is tracking? A. the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools B. the process of following a student's academic progress from first through twelfth grades C. the practice of integrating handicapped children into "regular" classrooms D. the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria

The "correspondence principle" refers to the tendency of A. students to develop values and attitudes that are similar to those of their elementary school teachers. B. schools to place physically handicapped children in classes with peers who are at a similar academic level, regardless of physical condition. C. schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by members of their class. D. parents to place their children in private schools that teach social values that are similar to their own.

. The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

When a school district hires a staff member who only works with students who have specific reading difficulties, this is an example of which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A. written rules and regulations B. impersonality C. division of labor D. hierarchy of authority

When a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education, this is an example of which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A. written rules and regulations B. impersonality C. division of labor D. hierarchy of authority

When you enroll in your freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college and it is held in a large auditorium with stadium seating and holds upwards to over one-hundred students with a single instructor behind a lectern, this is an example of which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A. written rules and regulations B. impersonality C. division of labor D. hierarchy of authority

Which perspective generally takes a positive view on the bureaucratization of education? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

The status of a job depends upon which of the following factors? A. the level of education required B. the level of financial compensation C. respect given the occupation by society D. all of these

. Which sociologist was perhaps the first sociologist to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies? A. Émile Durkheim B. Talcott Parsons C. Karl Marx D. Robert Merton

According to Émile Durkheim, religion is A. a unified system of beliefs and practices related to profane things. B. the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being. C. a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to worldly things. D. a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.

The concept of the sacred encompasses A. the ordinary and commonplace elements of life. B. the practices required or expected of members of a faith. C. elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear. D. a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things.

The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as A. sacred. B. profane. C. cult-like. D. ritualistic.

Secularization is the A. process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. B. process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases. C. ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred. D. element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear.

Secularization is the A. process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. B. process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases. C. ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred. D. element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear.

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations are referred to as A. manifest functions of religion. B. latent functions of religion. C. dysfunctions of religion. D. interactionist approaches to religion.

Max Weber A. examined the connection between the rise of Protestantism and the growth of capitalism B. called religion the "opiate of the masses." C. examined the influence of religion on suicide. D. studied cult behavior in Germany.

Liberation theology refers to A. the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. B. the use of a church, primarily the Muslim temple, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. C. people who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis. D. a religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society.

Karl Marx famously suggested that religion A. promotes social change. B. plays no role in class conflict. C. serves the best interests of the working class. D. is the "opiate of the masses".

Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as A. religious beliefs. B. religious experiences. C. religious rituals. D. religious norms.

On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a seder are examples of religious A. experiences. B. rituals. C. values. D. beliefs.

The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious A. ritual. B. experience. C. belief. D. custom.

A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a (an) A. cult. B. denomination. C. sect. D. ecclesia.

A denomination is a A. generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B. large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C. religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. D. relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith

A sect is a A. generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B. large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C. religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. D. relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

A new religious movement or cult is A. generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B. a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C. a concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, for a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society. D. a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

The debate over religion inside public schools in the United States is understood under the broader context of A. separation of church and state. B. religious rituals. C. liberation theology. D. the protestant ethic.