John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson
Presidential campaign of 1828
John Quincy Adams
The sixth president of the United States
Andrew Jackson
The popular hero of the Battle of New Orleans
Mudslinging
During a campaign when both sides would hurl reckless accusations at one another
Old Hickory
Nickname given to Andrew Jackson by his troops because of his tough, hard personality
Well-born
The people used to running the country- planters, merchants, bankers, lawyers
Common Man
Westerners- farmers, shopkeepers, small business owners. All were supporters of Jackson
Self-made
Achieving wealth or influence through one's own effort rather than being born to a privileged family
Corrupt bargain
The presidential election of 1824 when Jackson won the most popular votes and electoral votes, but not the majority of the electoral vote. Henry Clay convinced house members to vote for John Quincy Adams, who later won the election.
Democratic party
A new political organization created by Jackson's supporters to represent the ordinary farmers, workers, and poor
Republican party
The political organization that as taken control by the rich and well-born
The Hunters of Kentucky
The nation's first campaign song cheering for Jackson
Jacksonian Democracy
The idea that common people should control their government
Kitchen Cabinet
A group of Jackson's trusted friends and political supporters who would meet in the White House kitchen to give him advice instead of Jackson's cabinet.
Civil servants
Employees of the government
Spoils system
The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs; Jackson replaced Republican officeholders with loyal Democrats
Tariff
A tax imposed by the government on goods imported from another country
Secede
To withdraw from an organization or alliance; in this case, South Carolina threatened to withdraw from the United States if the National government tried to enforce the tariff laws
Nullification
Action that South Carolina took against the tariff laws of 1828 and 1832 because they believed them to be unconstitutional since it only favored the North
Force Bill
Bill passed by Congress to allow Jackson to use the federal army to collect tariffs if needed
Compromise bill
Bill passed by Congress that lowered tariffs still further to satisfy the extreme states' rights supporters
States' Rights Supporters
The most extreme Southerners from South Carolina who were against the tariffs
Nicholas Biddle
The president of the national bank; he was the opposite of Jackson, wealthy, well-born, highly educated, and widely traveled
John C. Calhoun
Jackson's vice president who was against the tariff laws and called on southern states to declare the tariff illegal and not to be honored. He later resigned because of disagreements between him and Jackson, to join the supporters of state's rights in South Carolina. He proclaimed them the right to nullify the tariff laws.
Henry Clay
Ran for president against Jackson; he pushed a bill through Congress that renewed the Bank's charter four years early to make Jackson lose votes
Pet Banks
State banks run by Jackson's supporters; were given money and federal deposits from National bank
Sharp Knife
Nickname given to Jackson by Native Americans because he was a frontier settler and famous Indian fighter
Tribes
groups of Native Americans
Sequoyah
Cherokee Indian who developed alphabet for Cherokee language
Five Civilized Tribes
Name given to Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole because they adapted many white ways such as farming, reading, writing, etc. They hoped to live in peace but were driven out
Indian Removal Act
Law passed by Congress, urged on by Jackson, allowing president to make treaties in which Native Americans in the East traded their lands for new territory on the Great Plains. It did not say that Indians should be removed by force.
Black Hawk
Chief of Sac and Fox tribes who fought removal for two years; it ended with slaughter of most of the warriors, and he was taken captive
Protest
What the whites did over the treatment of Indians
Creeks
Tribe that refused to leave Alabama and were marched west in handcuffs
Martin Van Buren
Eighth president of United States
Cherokee
Tribe that was dragged from Georgia and herded west by federal troops on a long walk to Indian Territory
Trail of Tears
Name of the journey/long walk to Indian Territory; four thousand died
Osceola
Chief of the Seminoles of Florida who resisted removal for ten years and caused costly Indian war. Some were finally sent to Indian Territory while some found refuge
Mississippi
River that Jackson wanted to move Indians across
Jackson's Indian Policy
Policy for moving eastern Indians across the Mississippi by force to make room for whites