History Chapters 15 and 16

The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a resounding victory for the Republicans. A.)TRUE B.)FALSE

The Panic of 1873 A. began after the Southern crop-lien system collapsed. B.saw Republicans call on Grant to go off the gold standard. C.began after revelations of corruption in the Grant administration. D.was the nation's worst economic depression to that time. E.saw President Grant favor putting more paper currency into circulation.

The Alabama claims A.were found by the Supreme Court to invalidate Radical Reconstruction. B.saw the United States refuse to pay Alabama for losses incurred during the Civil War. C. involved complaints by the United States against England. D. ended an experiment in black landownership. E. marked a renewed effort in asserting the rights of states over federal authority.

At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves in the United States was A. six million. B. three-and-a-half million. C.two-and-a-half million. E.800,000.

The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of A.suffrage. B. slavery. C. income tax. D. citizenship. E.cruel and unusual punishment.

The Freedmen's Bureau was confined by law to providing assistance only to former slaves and their families. A.TRUE B.FALSE

President Abraham Lincoln's "ten percent" plan for the South referred to A. the ratio of federal to state money to be spent in rebuilding the Southern economy. B.the number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government. C. the percentage of freed slaves who must be given the vote before setting up a state government D.the ratio of federal troops to freed slaves in each Southern state. E.the area of land in each state that should be reserved for former slaves.

Reconstruction was neither a vicious tyranny, as white Southerners charged, nor a thoroughgoing reform, as many Northerners claimed. A.TRUE B.FALSE

During the Grant administration, the United States acquired A. Guam. B.the Virgin Islands. C.Hawaii. D.Puerto Rico. E.Alaska.

The Wade-Davis Bill sought to make it more difficult than Lincoln desired for those states which had left the Union to return. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The Freedmen's Bureau was a civilian agency under the control of the State Department. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The Grant administration achieved its greatest successes in foreign affairs. A.TRUE B.FALSE

During Reconstruction all adult male former slaves were given the constitutional right to vote and to hold elected office. A.TRUE B.FALSE

In the 1890s, pressure in the South to restrict black voting rights came from A.advocates of Jim Crow. B.poor white farmers. C. wealthy Southerners. D. None of the answers are correct. E.All the answers are correct.

As Republicans planned for Reconstruction, A.Conservatives sought many conditions to readmit the former Confederate states. B.President Lincoln suggested that no conditions be put on the former Confederate states. C. Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners. D.no thought had been given to the task until the war had ended. E.Moderates believed the South should be readmitted without any concessions on black rights.

National support for Reconstruction was undermined by A.the growing political strength of Democrats. B. the Panic of 1873. C. the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment. D.All the answers are correct. E. perceptions of black-and-carpetbag misgovernment in the South.

"Seward's Folly" refers to a financial scandal involving Ulysses Grant's secretary of state, William Seward. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The Panic of 1873 was the worst the country had faced to that point in its history. A.TRUE B.FALSE

State expenditures by Southern governments during Reconstruction were large, but only in comparison with the meager state budgets of the pre-Civil War years. A.TRUE B.FALSE

In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as A.None of the answers are correct. B.All the answers are correct. C. acquiring the legal rights to live as did whites. D.independence from white control. E. land reform.

The story of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln A.involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration. B.was intended to bring Andrew Johnson into the presidency. C.saw John Wilkes Booth convicted of the murder of the president. D.had been planned at the highest levels of the Confederate government. E.brought a Radical Republican to the presidency.

As president, Andrew Johnson A.quickly sided with the Radical Republicans. B. argued the South should be readmitted to the Union without conditions. C.offered amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States. D.long delayed in presenting his own plans for Reconstruction. E.proposed delaying the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

Black sharecropping A. was a very common occupation of former slaves. B. usually led to economic independence. C.differed sharply from the tenant system. D. represented a continuation of the pre-Civil War gang-labor system. E.involved close white supervision which recalled the days of slavery.

The Supreme Court generally struck down civil rights laws and upheld black voting rights in the late nineteenth century. A.TRUE B.FALSE

Without the support of black voters in 1868, Ulysses S. Grant would have had only a minority of the popular vote. A.TRUE B.FALSE

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed A.most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans. B.the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land. C. the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace. D. the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America E.the frontier had made Americans a distinctive people.

All of the following writers and artists made significant contributions to the romanticizing of the American West EXCEPT A.Frederic Remington. B. James Whistler. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D.Mark Twain. E.Frederick Jackson Turner.

In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of A.Wovoka. B. Cochise. C. Mangas Colorados. D.Geronimo. E. Sitting Bull.

In the 1870s, nearly one out of every eighty miners was killed on the job. A.TRUE B.FALSE

William Cody's Wild West shows A. ignored the fact that Cody had never actually lived in the West himself. B.often competed against those of sharpshooter Annie Oakley. C.did not include representations of Indians. D.showed the realities of life on the frontier. E.proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States.

During the late nineteenth century, Plains farm life A.was generally admired by the growing urban public. B. often lacked any access to the outside world. C.All the answers are correct. D. became increasingly profitable for most. E.was marked by active community life.

Which of the following was NOT a significant source of resentment for the late nineteenth-century farmers? A.state governments B.banks C.manufacturers D.prices E.railroads

The Dawes Act of 1887 A.was viewed by the United States government as a plan to save the Indians. B.ended the United States government's effort to assimilate Indian tribes. C.was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture. D.reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it. E.denied United States citizenship to landowning Indian adults.

Those who flocked to mining towns and failed to strike it rich most often left the West. A.TRUE B.FALSE

Between 1865 and 1875, the number of buffalo in the American West declined from 15 million to under 1,000. A.TRUE B.FALSE

By the mid-1840s, the American West A.was still an empty, desolate land. B.contained few migrants from the United States. C.was extensively populated. D.had seen the elimination of nearly all Indian tribes. E.closely resembled its popular image.

The number of men in mining towns greatly outnumbered the number of women. A.TRUE B.FALSE

In his writings during the late 1800s, the popular author Hamlin Garland A.criticized western farmers for failing to develop a stable industry. B. reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers. C.romanticized the agrarian life in the West. D. suggested the trials of rural life refined and enlarged the human spirit. E.argued the Plains should be abandoned by Americans.

A homestead unit of 160 acres was too small for grain farming on the Great Plains. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The real West of the mid-nineteenth century bore little resemblance to its popular image. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The Sand Creek Massacre was a rare story of Indians killing whites. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The 1866 attempt to create a "long drive" between Texas and Missouri ended in failure. A.TRUE B.FALSE

More than 300,000 Indians lived on the Pacific coast before the arrival of Spanish settlers. A.TRUE B.FALSE

Plains Indians were not particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases brought from the eastern United States. By ancestry, the western cattle industry was Mexican and Texan. A.TRUE B.FALSE

In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was A.lamented as having lost his innocence and decency. B.criticized for being too quick to use violence. C.portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman. D.seen as fast disappearing as urbanization spread west. E.castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese.

By ancestry, the western cattle industry was Mexican and Texan. A.TRUE B.FALSE

In the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanic society in the Southwest grew, despite the increasing Anglo-American settlement in that area. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn A.took place in Wyoming. B.was a short-lived Indian victory. C.marked the start of prolonged warfare in the Dakotas. D.saw the Sioux united under Sitting Bull and Geronimo. E. saw the destruction of the entire Seventh Cavalry.

During the latter half of the nineteenth century, the structure of the cattle industry became increasingly corporate. A.TRUE B.FALSE

The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 A.was carried out by George Custer. B. All the answers are correct. C. saw the death of Chief Black Kettle. D.moved Colonel J.M. Chivington to denounce the United States Army E. involved the killing of Indian women and children.