Master

Enclave communities such as Chinatown and little Italy best demonstrate

The supreme court ruled in Mayer v. State of Nebraska that

Imagine that you are assigned to teach in a class with some students who come from different cultural backgrounds, and a few students who have been diagnosed as special-needs learners. Perhaps the most effective approach to teaching these diverse students would be

in diverse classroom, teachers can sue generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes. Which of the fallowing is a stereotype?

Bilingual education in the US

Bilingual maintenance programs emphasize

When a teacher spends only a week of class time talking about important female inventors he is taking the ______ approach to multicultural education.

Professor Hacker's view on his parable about race

Which of the fallowing represents the thinking of a nefarious branch of deficit theory?

Teachers in Colonial times

Normal School 1823

Normal schools 1839

Teaching contract from the 1920s

A Nation Prepared

Teach for America

National Board for Professional Teaching Standards

Horace Mann

affective domain

Locus of control

cognitive domain

Intelligence Quotient

emotional intelligence quotient (EQ)

exceptional learners

Gardner, Howard

How many multiple intelligences are there, according to Gardner?

Name the multiple intelligences

multiple intelligence logical/mathematical

multiple intelligence linguistic

multiple intelligence bodily/ kinesthetic

multiple intelligence musical

multiple intelligence spatial

multiple intelligence interpersonal

multiple intelligence intrapersonal

multiple intelligence naturalist

learning styles

Three factors that contribute to student's individual learning style

giftedness

Characteristics of giftedness

research shows that gifted

locus of control

external locus of control

internal locus of control

Smith, Sally L.

Lab School of Washington

special education

Five Minds

Six fundamental provisions included in IDEA

procedural due process

zero reject

least restrictive environment is also known as

Single Sex Schools

Melting Pot

cultural pluralism

bilingual education

Meyer vs. State of Nebraska

Multicultural Reconstructionist Approach

Deficit Theory

Stereotypes

Generalizations

Assumptions and misconceptions about teaching diverse students

The different approaches to multicultural education

Gloria Ladson-Billings

Ladson-Billings three principles

Professor Hacker

"Lau remedies"

The Bilingual Education Act 1968

The English-only movement

four approaches to multicultural curriculum

contribution approach

additive approach

transformation approach

social action approach

teacher centered philosophies

essentialism

Perennialism

informal education

socratic method

Academy in Athens

Golden Mean

epistemology

political phylosophy

aesthetics

scaffolding

ethics

praxis

ethnocentrism

Which statement would most likely be made by a critic of schools' efforts to transmit culture?

Alexis is a teacher who feels strongly about the importance of preparing students to live in a democracy. She feels that this objective is just as important as math or science, and she constantly pushes her colleagues to incorporate civic instruction into their courses, no matter the subject. Alexis's ideas reflect

Economic reconstructionists believe that

As an economic reconstructionist, Paulo Freire argued that

When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate school goals in a study,

In schools where teachers do not have daily contact with one another and act independently of others in the school, this represents a failure of which "five-factor theory" concept?

Studies on school size have determined that

The current reform efforts in education can be traced to

The economist who argued that school competition and choice would improve the quality of public education was

Which of the following statements most reflects the beliefs of James Coleman?

Which of the following is a characteristic of charter schools?

At a recent school board meeting, a group of parents spoke out on the issue of the poor quality of the district's schools. They demanded the formation of charter schools that emphasized a rigorous, traditional curriculum and teacher-centered classrooms. These parents most closely resemble

An early promoter of vouchers in education was

Which of the following was begun as a tool to desegregate schools?

How many states currently allow open enrollment within their school districts?

There tend to be fewer virtual schools at the elementary levels, primarily because

The experiences that school districts had with the Edison Schools Inc.

Based on poll results, how have Americans' opinion on the idea of charter schools changed in the past decade?

Jean and Stephen were concerned about the quality of education that their son, Galen, was receiving in the neighborhood school. They felt that the secular curriculum did not reflect their strong religious beliefs. As result, they chose to homeschool Galen for the rest of his educational career. The religiously-based motivation on the part of Galen's parents to homeschool him is indicative of

Elaine was homeschooled for most of her life before heading to college at a state university. Based on what is known regarding homeschooled students in college, Elaine will probably

Baltimore middle school was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a green ribbon school. The school earned this distinction for

According to the survey by the Education Sector, most teachers

Influential teacher organizations are cautiously supportive of a merit pay plan, providing certain provisions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those provisions?

Historically, who has the LEAST opportunity to give feedback in the school reform movement

In Life in Classrooms, Philip W. Jackson characterizes school life as

Research indicates that because of noninstructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.) teachers lose what percentage of instructional time

Paula is an elementary school teacher who often feels more like the last thing in the world she gets to do is teach her students. She feels as though much of her day is taken up with determining who gets to speak, when to line up for lunch, how the class will work when broken into groups, and so forth. Based on these actions, Paula occupies the role of

According to Jeannie Oakes, tracking persists in schools largely because

According to Goodlad, which statement is true regarding the patterns of classroom interactions?

For all of his schooling, Nicola has found himself in the lower level tracks. Despite this, he has studied hard and has done well in his classes. In his eighth-grade year, one of his teachers urged him to register for college preparatory courses in high school. Inspired by the idea that one of his teachers thought he could actually make it to college, Nicola and his parents met with his counselor. Based on the research by Ray Rist, what is the counselor most likely to tell them?

If detracking is to be successful, schools must

During elementary school, there is

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a critic of middle school education?

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of adolescent culture in school

Critics of middle school education argue they should be replaced by

When people remember their high school experiences, they are most likely to recall issues concerning the

Regarding the friendships that they make, teens tend to

Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?

Which of the following is true regarding working women?

Emily's parents have just completed a divorce in which both parents will share custody. For Emily, which of the following statements is true?

The most widespread form of substance abuse is

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy found to be particularly appropriate for students living in poverty?

Poor students frequently feel alienated from the school experience because

Members of which demographic group are at the greatest risk for committing suicide

In researching poverty, Shirley Brice Heath found that interactions between adults and children

Which of the following ranked highest with girls in describing their peer culture in middle school

Bullying has been an accepted school tradition for so long because

Mercedes, a young Hispanic female, is excited because she is about to celebrate her fifteenth birthday, the quincea-era, which is considered to be a rite of passage into adulthood. Such celebrations are an important part of Mercedes's

Demographically, most of the poor in America are

Attempts to organize Gay-Straight Alliances in schools have been aided by the

In an essay she wrote in her sociology of education course, Eve argued that one of the reasons that minorities struggled academically while in schools was genetic deficiencies that made them incapable of learning at the same pace as non-minority students. Such thinking on Eve's part is indicative of

According to current statistics, racial segregation among groups in society has

Marie is a middle-grades teacher in a large city. Marie believes that all children can learn, and she strives mightily to help her students achieve. Yet, every day in the teacher's workroom she seems to get into arguments with colleagues who feel that it is a waste of time and effort to try to work with the students they teach, since "they're just going to wind up dropping out and going to jail." The attitudes of Marie's colleagues are indicative of

The "Lau Remedies" were important because they

Han is an elementary school student in a rural district. Han's family arrived from Laos, and he speaks very little English. Although Han really wants to do well at school, he struggles, because the instruction is in English only and his teachers make no effort to modify instruction so that he can understand what is going on. Han's experience most closely reflects

By the year 2030, children of color will make up approximately what proportion of the school population?

In diverse classrooms, teachers can use generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes. Which of the following is a stereotype?

A major assumption of multicultural education is that

During the past decades, the College Board has worked to diversify its reading lists for its Advanced Placement Exams to reflect works by women, people of color, and writers from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Such efforts on the part of the College Board reflect which approach to multicultural education?

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is NOT true?

When Carlos Ovando's family first emigrated from Nicaragua, school was difficult for him because of his limited English proficiency and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was most similar to that of

When a teacher spends only a week of class time talking about important female inventors, the teacher is taking the ________ approach to multicultural education.

Israel Zangwill's 1910 description of America as a "melting pot" best reflects the idea of

Culturally responsive teaching proponent Gloria Ladson-Billings would most likely support all of the following EXCEPT

Frequently, the ability of teachers to engage in LGBT issues in schools is influenced by

When a state implements a law that mandates English-only instruction in schools, the state's action represents which underlying philosophy of bilingual education?

In terms of deciding which approach to bilingual education is most effective, research has indicated that

Nick is a high school teacher in a large city in the Southeast. Although he is white, he works well with the diverse students in his school, as well as with the parents in the community. One of the things students and parents appreciate about Nick is that he is comfortable in the community and he has taken the time to learn about his students and "where they come from." In terms of multicultural education, Nick emphasizes

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of survey data regarding the state of race relations in America?

Multicultural educators that follow the approach called "teaching the culturally different" primarily advocate

One of the reasons that students in schools are more segregated today than at any time since the Civil Rights movement is

As a student in college, Luisa was shocked at some of the things she was learning in her Survey of American History course. Although she had studied American history before, her teachers had never mentioned many of the things she was learning for the first time from the professor. Luisa's experiences would most closely reflect the effects of

Educator Hilda Taba argued which of the following about the importance of a school curriculum?

Which of the following represents a way in which a teacher might informally influence curriculum?

In recent times, the role of state governments in curricular decisions has

The development of common core state standards that have been adopted in over 40 states reflects the influence on curriculum by

Which of the following groups of states wield the most influence on textbook creation and adoption

Which of the following factors has the greatest potential to undermine the influence of the major textbook adoption states in determining the instructional content of textbooks?

One of the primary reasons that No Child Left Behind was revamped is that

Research on the effectiveness of computers in education shows that

Which statement would most likely be made by a proponent of Common Core Standards?

Andrew is a student in the class Rebecca teaches. While Andrew is not in the lowest percentile of the class, he isn't in the highest, either. In fact, Andrew could go either way in terms of passing or failing. Rebecca will spend

Textbook adoption states

Advantages of the statewide textbook adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT

The phenomenon represented by the test-tampering scandal in Atlanta, Georgia, is most closely associated with

A textbook covers twentieth-century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights; and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious race relations. This is an example of bias called

Which of the following is NOT a reason that standardized tests are popular?

Lisa, Paul, and Jay were given an assignment at the end of their first unit in Spanish I. They were to prepare and act out a skit where they were to assume the roles of students visiting Argentina for Spring Break. They were to enter into a restaurant order a meal, and pay for the meal, all in Spanish. The students knew they were being evaluated on how they performed these tasks, so they took care to do a good job. This sort of task is an example of

According to survey information on the subject of teaching creationism, evolution, or intelligent design in schools, a large segment of the public feels that

Which constitutional amendment is at the heart of the controversies surrounding intelligent design, creationism, and evolution

Research indicates that the frequency of self-censorship

A scientific "theory," such as the theory of evolution, is

"Intelligent design"

The main point of the "saber-tooth curriculum" is that

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made by an opponent of censorship

The next major trend in educational technology appears to be the implementation of

New conceptualizations of intelligence view it as changeable and somewhat controllable. This idea of intelligence is referred to as

Jean is a student in your class. She is very aware of how she feels emotionally, and has a clear idea of her strengths and her limitations. She uses her sense of self as a key resource as she approaches her work in your class. Based on this description, you believe that Jean has

A person who demonstrates strong existential intelligence (the intelligence Gardner is currently exploring) would have the ability to

A student who says, "I failed the test because the fire alarm went off in the middle of the test" appears to exhibit

According to Gardner, if we are to develop students who are willing to face hard truths and value honest behavior, we have to develop the

The idea that "reasoning and control" might combine in way that "enhances living" is most directly associated with the concept of

How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?

Psychologist Daniel Goleman argues that

Which of the following has NOT been given as a reason for single-sex schools

People who are popular, are good leaders, and can make others feel comfortable and connected may be strong in which emotional intelligence dimension?

Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving accurate diagnosis of individual needs

Today, about ________ percent of the public school student population is identified as gifted.

The principle of the IDEA that states that no child with disabilities may be denied a free, appropriate education is

The concepts in the IDEA that students should be assessed fairly by the use of tests that are free from cultural biases and are in the students' native languages would be covered by which provision

Which of the following is NOT currently one of the five elements of giftedness identified by the National Association for Gifted Children?

Which of the following is true of students receiving special education

A teacher reading the work of Janet Hyde would most likely come to which of the following conclusions about the male and female students in his classes

The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of

Least-restrictive environment" refers to

One of the reasons that teachers feel uncertain about educating special needs students is that they

Procedural due process" refers to the

After what major event did America experience its first shift toward humanist social attempts at better treatment and education of the disabled?

For teachers involved in gifted education programs, one of the key tasks to accomplish is

Grace Fernald, Marianne Frostig and Heinz Werner are noted for pioneering

Which of the following is NOT a significant part of the portfolio approach to assessment?

Which of the following is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession

Which of the following statements is true regarding merit pay

Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect

In terms of professional status, many consider teaching to be

Edward lives in Maryland during the colonial period. When it comes time to choose a trade, he decides he wishes to become a teacher. How would he prepare to teach children during this time in American history

Normal schools were important because they

Modern efforts at education reform can be traced back to the

When Amanda decided to be a teacher in college, she found that her school had discontinued its undergraduate teaching major. In its place, Amanda did a fifth-year program that combined both bachelor and master's level requirements. Interestingly, when Amanda went for her NBPTS certification as a teacher, the principles reflected in the NBPTS requirements reflected those she encountered in her teacher preparation in college. Amanda's teacher preparation most closely reflected the ideas contained in

To demonstrate their expertise, teachers undergoing NBPTS certification must

Elaine has been a fifth grade teacher since 1998. During this time she has become an adept observer of her students and how they learn. Elaine takes her experiences with her students and combines them with the theory she has learned to craft instruction that promotes curiosity, tolerance, honesty, respect for diversity, and appreciation for all cultures. Finally, Elaine makes a point of modeling these virtues for her students so that they master these ideas even more effectively. Elaine's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?

Paula is a high school music teacher who is known for her involvement and commitment to her students and to her school. She is constantly working with other teachers and administrators so that they can have the best instruction, curriculum, and staff development possible. She also reaches out through her music program to involve parents and the community to make sure that these groups are engaged with the school and feel like they have stake in what is going on there. Paula's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?

Regarding the issue of how to best prepare teachers, there is

Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs

One of the recommendations for improving the Teach for America (TFA) program is to

The idea for Teach for America (TFA) came from

Pavel is a new teacher in an inner-city school in Boston. To prepare for teaching, Pavel first had to promise his school that he would stay for at least five years. Then, he spent his first year on the job observing and working with Dava Anderson, a master teacher who had been working with inner-city students her entire career. All the while, Pavel was taking coursework at Boston College to gain a theoretical understanding of teaching. Only during his second year was he allowed to teach students of his own, and then only under Dava's careful supervision. Based on this description, Pavel is part of

The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to

Only about 3% of teachers become board certified because

Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the

What is the evidence that U.S. students are actually doing quite well in their educational performance?

Which of these is NOT a reason for the furor surrounding the quality of U.S. education

Compared to resumes, portfolios

Horace Mann helped establish the first

________ was influential in creating the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.

One of the reasons that urban legends about teaching are damaging to teachers is that

When a philosophy is applied to the classroom, it influences all of the following EXCEPT: A) the way the curriculum is organized. B) the instructional strategies that are used. C) the assessment and evaluation practices. D) the funding available to the school from the state.

Which of the following educational philosophies are teacher-centered? A) existentialism and pragmatism B) existentialism and idealism C) idealism and realism D) pragmatism and realism

Which of the following educational philosophies are student-centered? A) existentialism and pragmatism B) existentialism and idealism C) idealism and realism D) pragmatism and realism

Many politicians and members of the public insist that teachers should be held accountable for the academic success of their students. Those who hold this belief would accept which of the following educational theories? A) constructivism B) essentialism C) humanism D) progressivism

Cary Snodgrass wrote an indignant letter to the editor of the local newspaper in which she criticized the educational system because a recent poll had shown that the majority of students could not pass a test of basic facts about the geography of the nation. Cary's letter expresses the view of one who believes that schools should use an approach that is based on A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) positivism.

The Parent's Council at Shallow Creek Elementary School has organized study groups who are discussing the series of books written by E.D. Hirsch Jr. that have titles, such as, What Your Third Grader Needs to Know. The council members efforts at establishing a back-to-the-basics curriculum at Shallow Creek are consistent with A) constructivism. B) perennialism. C) behaviorism. D) essentialism.

Teachers who accept the essentialist theory of knowledge would agree that they must aid students in A) developing sound habits of mind and respect for authority. B) seeking everlasting truth. C) acquiring a common core of information and skills. D) acquiring facility in accessing the vast amounts of knowledge available on the world wide web.

The role of an essentialist teacher is A) guide and resource person. B) facilitator. C) dispenser of knowledge. D) activist for social change.

Classroom behaviorist theory is based on the beliefs of A) B.F. Skinner. B) John Dewey. C) Theodore Sizer. D) A.S. Neil.

The concept of positive reinforcement is a central idea of A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) progressivism.

Behaviorist teachers believe that when they ignore undesirable behavior A) it will spiral out of control in the classroom. B) students will continue to behave in that manner. C) the bad behavior will be extinguished. D) they will encounter problems from previously well-behaved students.

Marianne Merrill is a fourth grade teacher at Silver Creek Elementary School. When her students do well on a test she distributes marbles which they place in personal jars. When she ʺcatches them doing something goodʺ they also receive marbles. After the students have collected enough marbles, they may use them to purchase various small items such as candy or school supplies. Marianne tries to ignore students who disobey or act out because she believes that the lack of rewards will extinguish the undesirable actions. The system used by Marianne is based on A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) positivism.

Amy Therrian introduces each series of lessons with a set of educational objectives. One of the objectives was, ʺAll students will determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid by using a hydrometer and a series of liquids of known specific gravities.ʺ At the end of the unit each student had to demonstrate that he or she had mastered the skill. Amy's teaching strategy is consistent with A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) positivism.

Positivist teachers believe that student achievement is best assessed through A) personal interviews. B) authentic assessment. C) objective bias-free tests. D) essay questions.

The teachers in the mathematics department at Westdale High School have decided to adopt a standardized teaching strategy that they feel will best suit the majority of their students. Each unit will begin with clear, precise expectations of what the students should know and be able to do. The teachers will explain the new concept that is to be covered. They will demonstrate how to solve problems using the concept on a Smartboard. Several students will then go to the board and repeat the approach using additional examples. The students will then begin working on their homework problems while the teachers walk around the room checking for understanding and offering assistance. The students will then complete ten to twenty additional homework problems using the concepts discussed in class. This approach to teaching uses a strategy known as A) direct instruction. B) critical thinking. C) the scientific method. D) problem solving.

Student-centered educational philosophies agree that A) teachers need to establish rules and then explain their rationale to the students. B) the best learning occurs in an environment where the teacher is an active learner also. C) teachers must center their efforts on transmitting knowledge. D) tangible rewards given to students inspire them to learn more.

The educational theory that places emphasis on how to think as opposed to what to think is A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) progressivism. D) reconstructionism.

Back-to-the-basics advocates accuse those who have adopted progressivism of A) promoting changes in society. B) emphasizing specific disciplines. C) undermining democratic principles. D) stressing process at the expense of specific content.

During his teacher education program, Anwar Raja has come to the conclusion that progressivism is the philosophy with which he most closely identifies. When he begins to teach, Anwar will do all of the following EXCEPT: A) emphasize teaching students how to think, rather than what to think. B) favor the scientific method of teaching and learning. C) encourage novel solutions rather than a single right answer. D) urge his students to become involved in projects to correct social injustices.

Teachers who accept the humanist educational philosophy of accept all of the following EXCEPT: A) enhancement of the innate goodness of the individual. B) adherence to standards developed by experts. C) rejection of group-oriented educational activities. D) seeking ways to enhance individual development.

One day while discussing current events, the students in Marcus Robinsons class indicated a concern about the depletion of the aquifers in the western states. Several of them were quite upset about the ramifications of a decline in freshwater supplies. When they heard about the Sparkle Fresh Water Company building a new pumping station to extract water that can be bottled and sold, they were enraged. As a humanist teacher, Marcus would most likely A) join in expressing his opinion that they should become involved in a public condemnation of Sparkle Fresh. B) organize a letter writing campaign to local media outlets. C) ask the students what they think should be done and then support whatever action they choose. D) point out to the students that they will likely run up against a bureaucracy that will ignore studentsʹ views.

Schools with individualized education are based on A) constructivism. B) humanism. C) progressivism. D) behaviorism.

During the first week of the new school year, Emilia Gomez conducted a series of class meetings. She asked the students to think individually of possible rules for the classroom. Then she placed them into groups of four to share their ideas and choose and justify the five rules they thought were the most important. Each group presented its list to the entire class. After a whole-class discussion, the students developed the list of rules to be adopted for the school year. The approach used by Emilia is consistent with A) constructivism. B) humanism. C) progressivism. D) behaviorism.

According to the constructivist theory of education A) students develop personalized understandings. B) teachers transmit knowledge and concepts to students. C) parents implant knowledge into their children. D) children possess knowledge at birth but they are unaware of it until it is drawn out through discussion.

Constructivist teachers use strategies to encourage all of the following EXCEPT: A) critical thinking. B) understanding of big ideas. C) mastery of factual information. D) connecting new concepts to existing ideas.

Boris Lembovski is a physics teacher at Centennial High School. He asks the students to think about and share with a partner experiences they have had with sports, such as baseball, softball, soccer, hockey, pool, bowling, or football, that involve collisions between objects or people. After demonstrating how an air table works, he asks them to predict what will happen when different types of collisions occur and finally to test their predictions with the equipment set up around the lab. In his lesson, Boris is using strategies based on A) constructivism. B) humanism. C) progressivism. D) essentialism.

Owen Walls, as the principal of Elmgrove Elementary School, is responsible for assessing the degree of success of the new teachers on staff. Owen accepts the view that most principals hold with regard to the easiest way to determine how well a new teacher is doing. Therefore, he will look to see how A) flexible they are. B) many educational theories they can recall and explain. C) well they know the content of the courses they teach. D) well they are able to organize their classrooms.

You are visiting a school in the week before classes are to begin. Most of the teachers have already set up their rooms for the students who will soon arrive. You look through the open doorway into one room and notice that there are open areas, with small groups of chairs arranged around tables in a number of separate areas. Off to one side there is an area with two computers and in a corner there is a circular rug with a small, but colorful and attractive collection of books. From your observation, you are able to predict that the teacher in that room perceives learners to be A) passive. B) active. C) neutral. D) obedient.

You are planning for your first year as a fourth grade teacher. As you think about the units that you will be teaching, you should include all of the following in your plans EXCEPT: A) linking all lessons to the textbook. B) suggestions for teaching the lessons. C) types of materials to be used. D) specific plans for evaluation.

Teachers who believe that they should develop students who are divergent thinkers will design tests that look for A) a single right answer. B) evidence that students have memorized strategies. C) creative solutions. D) a frequently replicated method.

Teachers who believe that they should develop students who are convergent thinkers will design tests that look for A) creative solutions. B) a single right answer. C) multiple answers. D) signs of unique ideas.

Atsko Kobasigawa wants to encourage her students to be motivated to learn. Since this is her goal she should seek to do all of the following EXCEPT: A) encourage internal desires to learn. B) relate her teaching to student needs. C) encourage active participation in the learning process. D) institute a creative system of rewards.

A teacher-dominant orientation results in all of the following situations EXCEPT: A) student interests drive the curriculum design. B) there is a set of rules and regulations. C) provision of clear directions. D) control lies in the hands of the teacher.

When Clinton and Aylissa began to argue over who should take the class guinea pig home for the holidays, Ms. Nesterenko waited patiently for the issue to be resolved. This incident shows that Ms. Nesterenko is a teacher who holds which of the following views? A) interactionist B) interventionist C) noninteractionist D) noninterventionist

Miko has developed the habit of smacking other students on the back of the head when he goes to the pencil sharpener or wastebasket. Dale Shea, his teacher, speaks quietly to him and arranges an after school meeting to investigate possible solutions to Mike's misbehavior. This approach indicates that Dale is a teacher who holds which of the following views? A) interactionist B) interventionist C) noninteractionist D) noninterventionist

Teachers who follow William Glaser's Choice Theory will do all of the following EXCEPT: A) consider the reasons why students misbehave. B) seek the assistance of counselors. C) contact and discuss the situation with parents. D) accept responsibility for studentsʹ misbehavior.

An integral part of Glaser's Choice Theory is to A) impose consequences determined beforehand. B) have students design a plan of their own to correct misbehavior. C) have students choose a plan from a list supplied by the teacher. D) lead students to a forced-choice decision between two alternative solutions.

The Assertive Discipline plan includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) compulsory rules for students. B) rewards for obeying rules. C) consequences for failure to follow rules. D) taking time to determine why rules are broken

Conflict resolution strategies involve A) enlisting parents to help solve problems. B) establishing rules to handle potential problems. C) teaching students to recognize and constructively solve problems. D) developing relationships with the principal so he or she can immediately respond to problems.

Teachers who have expectations for student behavior in the classroom are more likely to be successful if they A) empower their students to act appropriately. B) model the behavior themselves. C) provide a vision of what things should be. D) explain their rationale completely.

The gulf between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds in a school district is often exemplified by all of the following, EXCEPT: A) the availability of federal grants for special programs. B) the percentage of students taking advanced placement courses. C) the percentage of students with special education modifications. D) the placement of more experienced, fully-qualified teachers in a school.

One's philosophical and political perspectives determine how one views the roles of schools. In the United States, all of the following are considered viable goals for schools by some individuals EXCEPT: A) schools should support democratic equality. B) schools should support social efficiency. C) schools should support social mobility. D) schools should support finding one's natural place in society.

Those holding liberal democratic and capitalist views have different opinions about the roles of schools. Which of the following statements correctly describes these views? A) Democracy calls for private rights while capitalism calls for public rights. B) Democracy calls for a liberal education while capitalism calls for preparation for work. C) Democracy calls for preparation for work while capitalism calls for a liberal education. D) Democracy allows for inequalities while capitalism demands equality.

Saying the Pledge of Allegiance in class is an example of which purpose of school? A) cultural transmission B) academic competence C) citizenship D) nationalism

Civics and government courses generally focus on encouraging A) connections with civic and religious groups. B) the structure of the U.S. political system and its heritage. C) a feeling of trust in political figures. D) the desire to give, assist others through volunteering.

The most effective way to engage students in the democratic process is to A) model civic behavior through a meaningful student government. B) provide a single, comprehensive civics course that covers all aspects of democratic government. C) invite the mayor, councillors, state, and federal representatives to a "Democracy Expo." D) encourage students to work on political campaigns at election time.

The biggest problem with preparing students for a specific trade in a vocational program is A) employers would rather have students with strong generic skills. B) it is a financial burden on the school system that employers ought to bear. C) in today's world the specific skills will be obsolete within a few years. D) employers are in the best position to teach skills they require.

Low levels of achievement on international standardized tests lead to all of the following reactions in the United States, EXCEPT: A) There should be an increased concentration on the "basics." B) There should be a reduction in the time spent on life-skills. C) The school day should be lengthened to allow more time for essential studies. D) The funding provided for education needs to be increased greatly to improve instruction.

In the 21st century, the greatest challenge facing those involved in vocational education is A) finding ways to provide students with an ever increasing volume of knowledge. B) helping students to develop the precise skills for their life's work. C) preparing students so they can adjust to change and adapt to new possibilities. D) assisting students to function as "cogs in the wheels" of business and industry.

Lower scores for students from the United States on international achievement tests like TIMSS and PISA, cause outcries from critics that include all of the following demands, EXCEPT: A) an emphasis on preparing students to live in a global economy. B) a back-to-the- basics approach for all students. C) increased time spent on mathematical concepts and skills. D) relying on phonics-based strategies for teaching reading.

Nelson McKelvie is a fourth grade teacher who wants to promote positive interaction among the diverse students in his class. He knows that one of the most effective ways to do so would be to A) have them form self-selected groups to study and complete assignments. B) form cooperative learning groups that he carefully selects. C) arrange for a class Scrabble competition. D) put on a class play at a school-wide assembly.

To eliminate confusion about the common culture of the United States among students newly arrived from a different background, the school must carefully A) align the formal and hidden curricula to reinforce national values and rules. B) immerse the newcomers in the common culture as soon as they enroll. C) provide a crash course on what it means to live in the United States. D) encourage students to retain their native culture rather than learning the common culture too quickly.

Transmission of culture is considered to be a role of the school system of any nation. However, there are some portions of society in the United States today who object to transmission of many of the aspects of culture for one reason or another. All of the following are objected to by a segment of the population, EXCEPT: A) the promotion of a multicultural curriculum. B) discussion of society's values. C) the promotion of our democratic form of government. D) emphasis on individualism and competition.

Culture can best be described as possessing aspects of all of the following, EXCEPT: A) shared. B) constant. C) dynamic. D) learned.

Blerina is a recent immigrant from Albania. Ms. Carstairs has been asking her some questions about her family. The information file she has received indicates that Blerina has a sister and so Ms. Carstairs is surprised when Blerina shakes her head from side to side in answer to the question, Do you have any sisters or brothers? Later Ms. Carstairs discovers that side-to-side head shaking in Albania means, Yes, while up and-down head shaking means, No - exactly the opposite of what she understands them to mean. This type of confusion is a result of a difference in A) cultural verbal cues. B) cultural nonverbal cues. C) limited English proficiencies. D) communication blocks.

Pedro Gomez is a recent immigrant from Mexico. He is taking driver training from Mr. Jones. As Pedro heads west on the interstate, Mr. Jones says, Be careful as you go around the next bend because there is construction and traffic may begin backing up. Pedro, taking Mr. Jones at his word begins to panic fearing that he will see cars reversing towards him. This type of confusion is a result of a difference in A) cultural verbal cues. B) cultural nonverbal cues. C) limited English proficiency. D) communication blocks.

A teacher may do all of the following to help prevent miscommunications based on cultural cues EXCEPT: A) recognize that these miscommunications are based on cultural differences. B) teach the communication patterns of the common culture. C) teach students when to use common communication patterns. D) insist that students stop using their own cultural cues.

Cajun culture includes the use of French language and phrases that have continued to be spoken by the original people who moved as Acadians from Nova Scotia to Louisiana after the fall of New France. Because of the nature of culture and how it is maintained and transmitted, which of the following best describes modern Cajun culture and its relationship to culture in France and Canada? A) Cajun and Parisian language and culture are so alike they are virtually interchangeable. B) Cajun and Acadian cultures in Canada are interchangeable because of origins but differ from that of France. C) Cajun culture today has no apparent connection to its roots in France and Canada. D) All three cultures are distinct because they each are dynamic and have evolved in different directions.

The Common Culture of the United States is derived from that of A) white, middle-class Catholics from Western Europe. B) white, middle-class Protestants from Western Europe. C) black, middle-class Protestants from Africa. D) middle-class Hispanics from Mexico and Central America.

The Common Culture has been defined historically by A) a consensus of all residents of the area. B) legislation and regulations of governments. C) those in power in the area. D) decisions of courts of law.

The Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s and 1970s are examples that illustrate that in the United States A) there has long been a consensus on what the common culture should look like. B) that those in power will not voluntarily share it with those who have different values. C) that the majority has the right to set the pattern for everyone in society. D) that beliefs, attitudes, and values are universally held.

Helga Brenders knows that she can learn more about the cultural identities of her students in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: A) volunteering to sponsor the chess team at the school. B) taking a course in ethnic studies. C) participating in a cultural fair sponsored by an ethnic club. D) organizing a multicultural club at her school.

A school with a pluralistic approach will A) emphasize the common culture's heritage to help foster a feeling of belonging. B) build on similarities and minimize differences among students. C) value cultural differences and integrate them into the curriculum. D) encourage children to concentrate on learning about and celebrate their individual heritages.

The Pleasant Valley School District is planning to build a third high school. Many of the students from the two existing schools will have to move to the new school. The district has established a committee to help the student body of the new Stony Creek High School to develop a sense of belonging and community. They know that all of the following are signs and emblems that will build a school culture, EXCEPT: A) a school song. B) colors for team uniforms. C) cheers. D) assimilation.

Which of the following is an example of a school tradition? A) emphasis on individual needs. B) high school marching band. C) community bonds. D) Carnegie units.

You are acting as a consultant to a group of parents who wish to set up a charter school for their children. Since some of them are unsure of the requirements for such a school, you have been asked to present an introductory session. You should include all the following as requirements, EXCEPT: A) The group must find a state agency or local school board that will agree to sponsor the school. B) The group must agree to a contract that describes how the school will operate in exchange for public funds. C) The group must agree that it will be accountable for student learning. D) The group must agree to meet all district and state regulations.

Which of the following would object the most strongly to a proposal to institute a voucher system that would include access to private and religious schools? A) conservative politicians. B) teacher unions. C) ethnic minorities. D) the state Department of Education.

Over the past thirty years, the net migration of families and individuals has involved movement A) from the west coast to the east coast. B) from the Southwest to the Northeast. C) from the South and West to the Northeast and Midwest. D) from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West.

Katrina is a student at a Montessori School. She began school at age two and a half and will soon be turning seven. Which of the following statements describes her education so far? A) She is proud of the straight A's she has earned. B) She has had the same teacher during the whole time she has been there. C) Her days have been organized into short, Sesame-Street-type, segments. D) She has not misbehaved because of the strict discipline system in place.

The overall poverty rate is highest among those living in A) rural areas. B) outer suburbs. C) inner suburbs. D) cities.

Increasing numbers of urban and suburban dwellers are re-establishing themselves in rural communities from which they commute to employment in cities. Which of the following tends to be true about the values of the newcomers when compared to the values of the natives of the rural communities? A) They have similar values. B) They are more conservative. C) They have different expectations of schools.. D) They are content to accept what is in place.

A higher level of achievement on tests and a higher percentage of students attending college is found in A) rural areas. B) suburbs. C) cities. D) inner cities.

Those living in large urban areas have all of the following advantages, EXCEPT: A) unusually rich resources, such as museums, libraries, and theaters. B) an extremely diverse population. C) a wide range of affordable housing. D) a variety of magnet schools serving different interests.

One-half of the population of the world lives in A) rural areas. B) suburbs. C) medium-sized cities. D) mega-cities.

The schools throughout a city, such as New York City, can best be described as A) uniform in quality and condition. B) employing the same philosophy of education. C) looking different and serving students differently. D) sharing resources and funding equally.

Parents who are in the upper middle class more frequently tend to do all of the following, EXCEPT: A) volunteer to help in school breakfast programs. B) talk with their children's teachers.. C) intervene so that their children have the best teachers.. D) encourage their children to complete school work..

The mayors of cities, such as Washington D.C. and New York City, have taken control of the management of the public school systems with the stated aim of A) reducing taxes and budgets. B) reforming schools and improving student learning. C) improving the curriculum. D) ensure that children are treated more equitably.

As a result of the criticisms of those associated with educational reform, teachers who have been identified as ineffective are being replaced by energetic, intelligent, and enthusiastic teachers with backgrounds that have emphasized A) educational philosophies and developmental theories. B) a wide variety of teaching strategies to assist diverse learners. C) academic content in one or more subject areas. D) a concern for the welfare and well-being of all students.

Research on effective schools shows that they possess all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT: A) they have strong ties to teacher unions. B) they are standards-based. C) they use performance-based assessments. D) they encourage problem-solving and critical thinking.

To be awarded "Blue Ribbon" status by the federal government as a high performing school, students in the school must operate at which percentile on the state tests? A) 95th B) 90th C) 85th D) 80th

The factor with the greatest impact on the publicity surrounding the performance gaps among different groups in society is: A) pressure from state legislators. B) criticisms by education reformers. C) disaggregation of scores mandated by NCLB.. D) pressure resulting from freedom of information laws.

Income, occupation, and educational attainment are criteria that constitute A) culture. B) socioeconomic status. C) capital. D) pluralism.

What characteristic of society places individuals at different levels of the social structure based upon wealth, income, occupation, and education? A) socioeconomic status B) social composition C) social power D) social stratification

How are characteristics such as levels and rank within the social class structure classified? A) social stratification B) social composition C) stereotypes D) social power

The class that represents 46 percent of the employed population is the A) middle class. B) upper class. C) working class. D) underclass.

Families whose income ranges from $45,000 to $88,000 make up the A) working class. B) lower class. C) middle class. D) upper class.

The term Asian American refers to the classification of a population known as A) cultural. B) microcultural. C) panethnic membership. D) social stratification.

The identification of membership in a group based on the national origin (that is, a specific country or area of the world) of one's ancestors, a shared culture, and a sense of common destiny is called A) cultural identity. B) ethnicity. C) social stratification. D) ethnocentrism.

Ethnic group members share all of the following EXCEPT: A) a common religion. B) a common history. C) a common language. D) common traditions.

Viktor and Olga, who recently immigrated to the United States, want their children to remain connected to their ethnic origins. They can do so by all of the following EXCEPT: A) participating in ethnic clubs or events. B) practicing traditions of the country of origin. C) helping other new arrivals to become assimilated. D) being actively engaged in promoting the civil rights of their group.

What is the officially recognized sign language with a complex grammar and a well -regulated syntax? A) Institutional Sign Language B) American Sign Language C) Universal Sign Language D) Spoken Sign Language

Tyrell would like to work in the preparation of media for educational uses. If he plans to be a narrator, he would be wise to develop skills in A) inner city dialects. B) standard English. C) maintaining his regional dialect. D) multidialect pronunciations.

At what age have children learned their gender and begun to exhibit stereotypical behavior? A) two years old B) three to four years old C) five to six years old D) eight to nine years old

All of the following are unaffected by a person's gender EXCEPT: A) mathematical aptitude. B) science aptitude. C) verbal abilities. D) income from employment.

Which statement best reflects the economic status of women in the United States? A) They have made considerable economic progress and generally are paid as much as men for comparable jobs. B) They generally do not enjoy equal job status and earn considerably less than men for comparable jobs. C) They enjoy economic equity with men but this is not reflected in the media. D) They enjoy economic and social equity with men but this success is being compromised by the lack of interest in women's movements.

When Kaitlyn is interviewed for a teaching position in a working-class school she is asked why many of the boys in the school have developed patterns of resistance to school and its authority figures. Her best answer would be: A) They perceive that schooling is feminine, emphasizing mental rather than manual work. B) It is a genetic trait that schools cannot overcome. C) They think that aggressiveness toward the faculty will make them more attractive to girls. D) Boys will be boys.

Title IX programs are intended to A) prevent discrimination so that females and males have equal educational opportunities. B) provide intellectually challenged students with equal opportunities. C) require school boards to make school buildings accessible to the physically challenged. D) provide girls with the same sports teams as boys.

The Rocky Hill School District has been accused of not complying with the provisions of Title IX with respect to their sports programs. The lawyer for the school district has informed the school board members of the three points, upheld by courts in the past, that they must apply. The test includes all of the following points EXCEPT: A) the percentage of female and male athletes must be substantially proportionate to the percentage of females and male students enrolled in the district. B) if the percentages of female and male athletes is not proportionate to the percentage of female and male students, the district must fully and effectively meet the interests and abilities of female students. C) the school district must provide opportunities for all females and males to participate in the same sports. D) the school district must have a history of expanding opportunities for underrepresented females to participate in sports

Sexual orientation in a child is established by A) infancy. B) early childhood. C) middle childhood. D) young adulthood.

Some educators make a determination as to whether or not a child with special needs will be able to enter the diploma-bound program by the end of kindergarten. Such a decision can A) help these students achieve by lowering the pressure on them. B) lead to lowered academic expectations for those students who can perform at high levels when provided with appropriate accommodations for their disability. C) help the students by providing more opportunities for accommodations for their disability. D) benefit students by grouping them in segregated facilities with others having similar disabilities.

Sally Houston has reduced mobility because she is confined to a wheel chair. She has a college degree and is certified as a laboratory technologist. She has applied for many positions and the personnel directors who have interviewed her are extremely impressed with her knowledge and skills. However, she has been told by most of them, ʺWe would like to hire you but we are unable to because...ʺ A) of a lack of accommodations in the workplace. B) our health care carrier won't allow it. C) workman's compensation will not apply. D) legislation prevents us from hiring you.

Inclusion is most effective when all of the following are part of the plan EXCEPT: A) the classroom teacher also acts as a specialist dealing with the exceptionality. B) a team of specialists develops an individualized educational plan (IEP) for each student. C) a teacher's aide works with students with exceptionalities. D) the classroom teacher collaborates with a team of specialists providing specific services.

The architects for Glendale Middle School are meeting with the administration of the school district to provide for accommodations for the school's inclusion plan. They will need to consider all of the following EXCEPT: A) washrooms that are handicap accessible. B) ramps or elevators. C) desks to accommodate wheelchairs. D) an inviting room exclusively for students with exceptionalities.

Religious beliefs generally guide students and their families in all of the following areas, EXCEPT: A) agreement on the essential core of a belief system. B) the values and lifestyles of families. C) the socialization of children and young people. D) guidance on moral and ethical issues.

The most common religion in the United States is A) Catholicism B) Jewish C) Muslim D) Protestantism

The foundations of multicultural education include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) diversity. B) social justice. C) homogeneity. D) equality.

Bunmi Sodade knows that she will promote multiculturalism among her students if she A) sets aside a week during Black History month to discuss the contributions of African Americans. B) holds an ethnic food festival when students can bring in their native foods to share. C) displays posters that highlight major contributions by women to science. D) integrates principles of diversity, social justice, and equality throughout her curriculum.

Rheena is preparing a presentation for a unit on multiculturalism for one of the classes in her teacher education program. Which of the following strategies has been the most effective in bringing the cultures of diverse students into the classroom? A) allow them to go to the library to find books about their culture B) study their culture one month a year C) invite a speaker from the same cultural background to the classroom D) use examples from their cultures and experiences as subjects are taught

Jeremy Chase wishes to demonstrate to the diverse students in his class that he has a respect for their cultural backgrounds. He has contacted Vern Mahadeo, the school district's Multicultural Consultant. Since he ha s spent a great deal of time studying how to work with diverse students, Vern would recommend all of the following EXCEPT: A) Teachers should be able to help students see the relationship between the subject matter and the world in which they live. B) Students should be able to see themselves in the representations used by teachers. C) Teachers should be able to provide instruction that allows students to access the knowledge based on the studentsʹ way of thinking. D) Teachers should strive to find the best scientifically-proven teaching strategy and use it for all their students.

If you were part of a committee to help develop an awareness of other cultural groups at a teacher's college in an area that was very homogeneous, you would be likely to recommend all of the following approaches EXCEPT: A) encourage collaboration with other schools with similar populations. B) provide courses in ethnic and women's studies. C) require students to read and respond to books by female authors and authors of color. D) require participation in institutions and activities of diverse communities.

Teachers who believe that all students can learn, who place students at the center of teaching, and who try to build on their cultural backgrounds and experiences, will develop meaningful learning experiences when they engage in A) culturally relevant teaching. B) diversity teaching. C) equity education. D) social justice learning.

Which of the following is an important consideration for teachers who still face fairly homogeneous populations? A) They need to make certain that the dominant culture is ingrained in all their students. B) They need to work harder to bring different perspectives to presentations and discussions. C) They can spend more time on a traditional curriculum and less on discussing diversity. D) They need to concentrate on preparing their students for the specific jobs available in the community.

The Supreme Court case that declared separate-but-equal education for black and white students illegal was A) Plessy v. Ferguson B) Brown v. Board of Education C) the Dred Scott case D) Clarke v. Baltimore Public Schools

Multiculturalists believe that A) the promotion of diversity will divide the nation. B) English-only policies will encourage assimilation. C) the recognition and promotion of diversity will strengthen the nation. D) immigration policies need to be more restrictive.

Tamika would like to provide an environment that would permit all student participants to have voice. She realizes that such a move could be risky and she must be prepared for all of the following possibilities EXCEPT: A) The students may express anger and be confrontational. B) The students may test the limits of the type of language that can be used. C) The students might feel that they have nothing to contribute and will remain silent. D) Her patience may be tested as she and the students figure out how to listen and contribute to the listening process.

Which of the following is particularly important in affirming student voices? A) respect for differences that exist in the classroom B) teachers need to be prepared with the right answers to all questions C) teacher monologues to make sure that the stage is properly set for each discussion D) a reliance on oral communication rather than writing and artistic expression

Which of the following is an example of a social injustice? A) The best teachers are in the schools with the most academically challenged students. B) The number of minority students in special education classes is proportionate to the school population. C) All students are given an equal opportunity to learn. D) A high school in a low-income area does not have the funds to offer an advanced placement class.

Most attempts to provide equal educational opportunities have provided which of the following? A) compensatory programs to help overcome gaps B) equal access to gifted and talented programs C) increased numbers of spaces in advanced placement programs D) a completely level playing field for all students

Which of the following is a policy that would ensure that all students, regardless of cultural background and family circumstances, would be provided access to a similar educational opportunities? A) equality in education B) equal educational opportunity C) dominant educational opportunity D) no educational opportunity

Manuel Ortega wants to help his students to achieve at the highest levels possible. He knows that to be successful, he will have to employ all of the following strategies EXCEPT: A) All students should be provided with equal opportunities to learn. B) His methods should demonstrate that he believes all students should be expected to learn at a high level. C) Those students not performing well will become intellectual challenges for him. D) Students not achieving well should be moved to other classes where they will have better opportunities.

David Orchinsky believes that teaching for social justice is an integral part of his job. He knows that to reach his goal he must address all of the following in his program, EXCEPT: A) help his students to have hop for a more equitable and socially just society. B) join with his students in confronting injustice and removing impediments to equality. C) assist the shopkeepers in the neighbourhood to advertise their merchandise. D) take on community projects, such as assisting elderly and underprivileged residents clean up their property.

Which of the following statements best describes beginning teachers' beliefs about their teaching ability?

Which of the following statements best describes beginning teachers' expectations about their abilities to help children learn?

Which of the following statements best describes beginning teachers' beliefs about how they will learn to be effective teachers?

Of the following, which is the most accurate description of beginning teachers' beliefs about what makes a teacher effective?

Which of the following statements best describes the importance of knowledge of content (such as knowledge of history) in being an effective teacher?

Which of the following statements best describes the number of new teachers who leave the profession by the end of their second year of teaching?

Which of the following statements best describes the number of new teachers who leave the profession within their first five years?

The "process by which a state evaluates the credentials of prospective teachers to ensure that they meet the state's professional standards" is best described as:

A shorter route to teaching for those who already possess a bachelor's degree best describes which of the following?

Which of the following percentages best describes the number of new teachers who enter the profession through alternative licensure?

The attitudes, values, customs, and behavior that characterize a social group is best described as:

A person's ancestry and the way individuals identify themselves with the nation from which they or their ancestors came is best described as:

Pedro is a boy living in a small Mexican village. Every day he rises early, for he must walk the two miles to his school. He has breakfast of beans and bread made from ground corn, leaves the house and begins his trek. He likes the walk for he can wave to his papa toiling daily in the cornfields that provide the food and income for the family. When Pedro comes home from school he often plays soccer with his friends in the village, and after dinner his mother usually plays songs on a guitar while papa sings. The activities Pedro is involved in, such as playing soccer and listening to his mother and father play and sing best illustrate which of the following?

Rafael, a recent immigrant from Mallorca, an island in the Mediterranean off the coast of Spain, is very proud of his Spanish heritage. He usually speaks Spanish at home and loves evenings and weekends where he basks in the laid back, relaxed lifestyle and lack of concern about time that are characteristic of the way he grew up. However, he never misses school, turns in all his assignments, and is always on time for school and his classes. Rafael's Spanish heritage and identification with Mallorca best describes his:

Which of the following statements illustrates the relationship between culture and ethnicity?

Which of the following is not a component of ethnicity?

According to research, which of the following is the most likely perception of cultural minorities who are alienated from school?

Of the following, the most effective strategy for helping reduce or eliminate the effects of resistance cultures is to:

Researchers have attempted to understand the high success rates of Southeast Asian students who have been in the United States a relatively short period of time. Of the following, which is the most accurate description of the researchers' findings?

Ann Henderson states to her 2nd graders, "All right everyone, let's put our math papers away now." Don, a white student, puts his math materials away, while Daron, an African American student, does not. If the students' are typical of behavioral patterns for white and African American students, according to research, which of the following is the most likely explanation?

"An organization with established structures and rules designed to promote certain goals" best describes a:

Of the following, which is a social institution?

From the perspective of meeting learning goals for students, which of the following is the most accurate definition of schools?

"An administrative unit within a geographical area given the responsibility for education within its borders" is best described as a:

Individual schools in a county are part of larger organizational frameworks called:

The person(s) given the ultimate responsibility for a school's operation is/are the:

The people responsible for the day-to-day operation of schools are the:

Support staff best describes which of the following?

Of the following, leaders' decisions about organizing schools (such as organizing middle schools into grades 6, 7, and 8) are most commonly based on:

9 "What teachers teach and what students (hopefully) learn," best describes:

With respect to education, which of the following best describes the significance of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution?

Which of the following statements best describes the similarities and differences in states' approaches to governing education?

A geographical area given the legal responsibility for education within its borders is best described as a:

Which of the following is given the responsibility for determining the curriculum that will be taught at an individual school?

According to research, which is the most accurate assessment of for-profit (designed to make money for the people managing the school) charter schools?

Of the following, what is the best description of a local school board?

Which of the following is not a function of local school boards?

Which of the following best describes vouchers?

Which of the following best describes state tax credit plans?

"The ultimate form of school choice" is best described as which of the following?

Of the following, what is the best definition of a professional?

Of the following, which best describes laws that regulate the rights and responsibilities of teachers?

Of the following, which best describes an important limitation of laws that regulate the rights and responsibilities of teachers?

Which of the following is the best definition of ethics?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between teachers' legal responsibilities and their ethical responsibilities?

Which of the following statements best describes codes of ethics in different professions?

As a new teacher, you realize that both your legal rights and responsibilities and codes of ethics are limited because they provide only general guidelines for your professional practice. Of the following, what is the most effective and practical process you can use to accommodate the general nature of laws and ethics?

You have signed a contract to teach in a local school district, and later you decide that you want to take another job in a different state. Which of the following best describes your legal obligations?

Which of the following best describes your legal obligations to perform non-teaching duties (such as sponsor a debate club or coach an athletic team) as part of your teaching job?

A first-year teacher in your school is not being offered a contract for her second year because the school enrollments have gone down, and the teaching staff is being reduced. Which of the following best describes the teacher's legal rights?

Which of the following statements best describes curriculum?

Which of the following best describes instruction?

Which of the following best describes the explicit curriculum?

Which of the following best describes the implicit curriculum?

Whenever Calvin Green's students are unable to answer in question and answer sessions, he prompts them until they can give an acceptable answer. "I want them to learn that being uncertain is all a part of the learning process," Calvin explains. Learning that "being uncertain is all part of the learning process," best illustrates the:

If you make decisions about using textbooks based on research examining their effective use, which of the following is your best decision?

Which of the following is the best description of censorship?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the character education versus moral education debate?

Of the following, which statement best describes the way professional organizations (such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics) influence curriculum?

Reading, writing, and math are the most strongly emphasized areas of the curriculum in elementary schools. Of the following, which is the most likely reason for this emphasis?

Which of the following best describes a productive learning environment?

Three of the following statements are reasons why effective classroom management is so important. Which one is not a reason?

Of the following, which is typically beginning teachers' greatest concern?

Which of the following is not an outcome of effective management?

The description: "Actions teachers take to create an environment that supports and facilitates both academic and social-emotional learning," best describes:

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between classroom management and effective instruction?

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between classroom procedures and classroom rules?

Research indicates that classroom management is most effective when interventions are as brief and unobtrusive as possible. Based on this research, which is the least intrusive intervention for a minor infraction, such as a student briefly whispering to another student?

In the case of a serious management problem, such as two students fighting, which of the following should be your immediate reaction?

Without any announcement from the teacher, students come into class, take their seats, take out their workbooks, and begin working exercises written on the chalkboard. The aspect of classroom management illustrated in this description is best described as:

According to professional surveys, which of the following are the two most important reasons people give for choosing to teach?

You're a third grade teacher. Of the following, the best example of an extrinsic reward is likely to be:

Which of the following best describes teacher work schedules?

Teachers often work with 25 or 30 or more students. Which aspect of classroom complexity does this best illustrate

Of the following, which is the most important teacher role?

Which of the following is the best label for the description: "A developing aspect of teaching characterized by a specialized body of knowledge, emphasis on decision making and reflection, autonomy, and ethical standards for conduct?"

An understanding of instruction and management that transcends individual topics or subject matter areas is best described as:

Problem solving in ill-defined situations based on professional knowledge is best described as demonstrating:

"Suggested changes in teaching and teacher preparation intended to increase the amount students learn" are best described as:

Which of the following is best described by the definition, "A provision of No Child Left Behind that requires students to show demonstrated progress in statewide tests toward meeting state standards?"

In America, at this point in history, the institution primarily responsible for meeting the needs of young people and helping them adapt to the world is the:

The "traditional" American family-a father who is the primary breadwinner, a mother who stays at home, and two school-aged children now makes up what percentage of the households in the United States?

Families headed by married couples now make up about what percent of all households in the United States?

Of the following, which percentage best describes the number of students you will have who come from single-parent families?

Which of the following statements best describes the implications for teachers of the changing American family?

Of the following, which best describes the income defined by the federal government as the poverty line for a family of four?

When researchers and leaders express concern for children's safety, lack of supervision, excessive amounts of time watching television, and lack of support for school work, they are most likely describing which of the following?

Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the characteristics of students most likely to use alcohol and other drugs?

Which of the following best describes people with low incomes who continually struggle with economic problems?

Which of the following statements best describes the lower socioeconomic class in the United States?

Of the following, what is the best definition of development?

Of the following, which is the best definition of cognitive development?

A first-grade teacher demonstrates that air takes up space by pushing an inverted drink cup into a fish bowl of water. The students see that the cup doesn't fill with water. Natalie explains that water doesn't go into the cup because "the cup is tipped over." Euchica says, "My dad and I were in the swimming pool, and when he tipped the cup, some air got out and water got in, but if he didn't tip the cup, no water could get in." Which of the following conclusions is most valid?

Of the following, which best describes how teachers influence students' cognitive development?

Students' changing conceptions of right and wrong best describes which of the following?

The statement, "the ability to learn, to deal with abstractions, and to solve problems," most closely relates to a description of:

Using Gardner's theory of intelligence, in which of the following dimensions would sales people be most likely to score highly?

Which of the following would be Gardner's primary criticism of existing intelligence tests?

We have all met people who seem to be very adept at getting along with other people, even though our perception is that they are only modestly "bright." Which of the following provides the most valid explanation for this phenomenon?

According to Piaget, the stage of moral development in which individuals view rules as fixed and permanent and enforced by authority figures is defined as:

Which of the following is the best definition of effective teaching?

Which of the following is the best description of motivation?

Of the following, extrinsic motivation is best described as:

Which of the following is the best description of intrinsic motivation?

Which of the following is not true of motivated students?

Of the following, which is the best definition of assessment?

Which of the following best describes essential teaching skills?

Which of the following is the best description of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Research suggests that ideally wait-time should be approximately:

Melinda wants to help her students understand the concept of velocity. She provides a large number of toy cars and small ramps and scales, stopwatches and rulers for her students so that they can work to find patterns. Melinda then questions the students as a group and they come to a description of the patterns that emerged. Of the following, the Melinda's approach could best be described as:

The process teachers use to gather information and make decisions about their students' learning and development is best described as:

Of the following, which is the best explanation for why classroom assessment is so important?

Assessment instruments given to large samples of students under uniform conditions and scored according to uniform procedures are best described as:

The process of continually gathering incidental information about learning progress as teachers interact with their students, and making decisions based on that information, is best described as:

Giving a test or quiz for the purpose of gathering information and providing feedback, but not for assigning grades is called:

Being certain that your measurements are consistent with your goals most strongly affects which of the following?

Historically, assessment has been used at the end of a unit or course of study to determine the amount that students have learned. More recent conceptions view assessment as a process designed to support and increase student learning. Which of the following best describes the comparison between the historical view and the more recent conception?

Standardized assessments that states and districts use to determine whether students will advances from one grade to another, graduate from high school, or have access to specific fields of study best describe which of the following?

Of the following, in which content areas are high-stakes tests most commonly administered?

Jeremy, a fourth grader responds to an assessment, which is given once a year. His performance will determine whether or not he is promoted to the 5th grade. Of the following, which is the best description of the assessment Jeremy is taking?

According to professional surveys, which of the following are the two most important reasons people give for choosing to teach?

Which of the following is closest to the average yearly teacher salary in the United States?

Understanding the social, historical, philosophical, organizational, and legal aspects of teaching, together with the ability and inclination to continue to learn, is best described as:

Jana Juarez illustrates dominant and recessive genes by playing two radios simultaneously. The students can hear one but not the other. As Jana questions the students, she reminds them that both radios are playing, but the sound of one drowns out the other.

Kevin is a very difficult student. In spite of using every technique you know, you have difficulty in preventing him from disrupting your class. In response to describing your frustration with him, Jack, one of your colleagues says, "I hate doing it, but sometimes we have no choice. You simply have to put him down. I had him last year, and embarrassing him was the only thing that worked. You may have to go that far." Of the following, what is the best assessment of Jack's suggestion?

We best describe teachers who are "thoughtful, analytical, and even self-critical about their teaching" as:

Which of the following best describes the diversity across our country?

"Focusing curriculum and instruction on predetermined criteria" best describes:

Which of the following is the best description of the No Child Left Behind Act?

When a philosophy is applied to the classroom, it influences all of the following EXCEPT: A) the way the curriculum is organized. B) the instructional strategies that are used. C) the assessment and evaluation practices. D) the funding available to the school from the state.

Which of the following educational philosophies are teacher-centered? A) existentialism and pragmatism B) existentialism and idealism C) idealism and realism D) pragmatism and realism

Which of the following educational philosophies are student-centered? A) existentialism and pragmatism B) existentialism and idealism C) idealism and realism D) pragmatism and realism

Many politicians and members of the public insist that teachers should be held accountable for the academic success of their students. Those who hold this belief would accept which of the following educational theories? A) constructivism B) essentialism C) humanism D) progressivism

Cary Snodgrass wrote an indignant letter to the editor of the local newspaper in which she criticized the educational system because a recent poll had shown that the majority of students could not pass a test of basic facts about the geography of the nation. Cary's letter expresses the view of one who believes that schools should use an approach that is based on A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) positivism.

The Parent's Council at Shallow Creek Elementary School has organized study groups who are discussing the series of books written by E.D. Hirsch Jr. that have titles, such as, What Your Third Grader Needs to Know. The council members efforts at establishing a back-to-the-basics curriculum at Shallow Creek are consistent with A) constructivism. B) perennialism. C) behaviorism. D) essentialism.

Teachers who accept the essentialist theory of knowledge would agree that they must aid students in A) developing sound habits of mind and respect for authority. B) seeking everlasting truth. C) acquiring a common core of information and skills. D) acquiring facility in accessing the vast amounts of knowledge available on the world wide web.

The role of an essentialist teacher is A) guide and resource person. B) facilitator. C) dispenser of knowledge. D) activist for social change.

Classroom behaviorist theory is based on the beliefs of A) B.F. Skinner. B) John Dewey. C) Theodore Sizer. D) A.S. Neil.

The concept of positive reinforcement is a central idea of A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) progressivism.

Behaviorist teachers believe that when they ignore undesirable behavior A) it will spiral out of control in the classroom. B) students will continue to behave in that manner. C) the bad behavior will be extinguished. D) they will encounter problems from previously well-behaved students.

Marianne Merrill is a fourth grade teacher at Silver Creek Elementary School. When her students do well on a test she distributes marbles which they place in personal jars. When she ʺcatches them doing something goodʺ they also receive marbles. After the students have collected enough marbles, they may use them to purchase various small items such as candy or school supplies. Marianne tries to ignore students who disobey or act out because she believes that the lack of rewards will extinguish the undesirable actions. The system used by Marianne is based on A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) positivism.

Amy Therrian introduces each series of lessons with a set of educational objectives. One of the objectives was, ʺAll students will determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid by using a hydrometer and a series of liquids of known specific gravities.ʺ At the end of the unit each student had to demonstrate that he or she had mastered the skill. Amy's teaching strategy is consistent with A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) perennialism. D) positivism.

Positivist teachers believe that student achievement is best assessed through A) personal interviews. B) authentic assessment. C) objective bias-free tests. D) essay questions.

The teachers in the mathematics department at Westdale High School have decided to adopt a standardized teaching strategy that they feel will best suit the majority of their students. Each unit will begin with clear, precise expectations of what the students should know and be able to do. The teachers will explain the new concept that is to be covered. They will demonstrate how to solve problems using the concept on a Smartboard. Several students will then go to the board and repeat the approach using additional examples. The students will then begin working on their homework problems while the teachers walk around the room checking for understanding and offering assistance. The students will then complete ten to twenty additional homework problems using the concepts discussed in class. This approach to teaching uses a strategy known as A) direct instruction. B) critical thinking. C) the scientific method. D) problem solving.

Student-centered educational philosophies agree that A) teachers need to establish rules and then explain their rationale to the students. B) the best learning occurs in an environment where the teacher is an active learner also. C) teachers must center their efforts on transmitting knowledge. D) tangible rewards given to students inspire them to learn more.

The educational theory that places emphasis on how to think as opposed to what to think is A) behaviorism. B) essentialism. C) progressivism. D) reconstructionism.

Back-to-the-basics advocates accuse those who have adopted progressivism of A) promoting changes in society. B) emphasizing specific disciplines. C) undermining democratic principles. D) stressing process at the expense of specific content.

During his teacher education program, Anwar Raja has come to the conclusion that progressivism is the philosophy with which he most closely identifies. When he begins to teach, Anwar will do all of the following EXCEPT: A) emphasize teaching students how to think, rather than what to think. B) favor the scientific method of teaching and learning. C) encourage novel solutions rather than a single right answer. D) urge his students to become involved in projects to correct social injustices.

Teachers who accept the humanist educational philosophy of accept all of the following EXCEPT: A) enhancement of the innate goodness of the individual. B) adherence to standards developed by experts. C) rejection of group-oriented educational activities. D) seeking ways to enhance individual development.

One day while discussing current events, the students in Marcus Robinsons class indicated a concern about the depletion of the aquifers in the western states. Several of them were quite upset about the ramifications of a decline in freshwater supplies. When they heard about the Sparkle Fresh Water Company building a new pumping station to extract water that can be bottled and sold, they were enraged. As a humanist teacher, Marcus would most likely A) join in expressing his opinion that they should become involved in a public condemnation of Sparkle Fresh. B) organize a letter writing campaign to local media outlets. C) ask the students what they think should be done and then support whatever action they choose. D) point out to the students that they will likely run up against a bureaucracy that will ignore studentsʹ views.

Schools with individualized education are based on A) constructivism. B) humanism. C) progressivism. D) behaviorism.

During the first week of the new school year, Emilia Gomez conducted a series of class meetings. She asked the students to think individually of possible rules for the classroom. Then she placed them into groups of four to share their ideas and choose and justify the five rules they thought were the most important. Each group presented its list to the entire class. After a whole-class discussion, the students developed the list of rules to be adopted for the school year. The approach used by Emilia is consistent with A) constructivism. B) humanism. C) progressivism. D) behaviorism.

According to the constructivist theory of education A) students develop personalized understandings. B) teachers transmit knowledge and concepts to students. C) parents implant knowledge into their children. D) children possess knowledge at birth but they are unaware of it until it is drawn out through discussion.

Constructivist teachers use strategies to encourage all of the following EXCEPT: A) critical thinking. B) understanding of big ideas. C) mastery of factual information. D) connecting new concepts to existing ideas.

Boris Lembovski is a physics teacher at Centennial High School. He asks the students to think about and share with a partner experiences they have had with sports, such as baseball, softball, soccer, hockey, pool, bowling, or football, that involve collisions between objects or people. After demonstrating how an air table works, he asks them to predict what will happen when different types of collisions occur and finally to test their predictions with the equipment set up around the lab. In his lesson, Boris is using strategies based on A) constructivism. B) humanism. C) progressivism. D) essentialism.

Owen Walls, as the principal of Elmgrove Elementary School, is responsible for assessing the degree of success of the new teachers on staff. Owen accepts the view that most principals hold with regard to the easiest way to determine how well a new teacher is doing. Therefore, he will look to see how A) flexible they are. B) many educational theories they can recall and explain. C) well they know the content of the courses they teach. D) well they are able to organize their classrooms.

You are visiting a school in the week before classes are to begin. Most of the teachers have already set up their rooms for the students who will soon arrive. You look through the open doorway into one room and notice that there are open areas, with small groups of chairs arranged around tables in a number of separate areas. Off to one side there is an area with two computers and in a corner there is a circular rug with a small, but colorful and attractive collection of books. From your observation, you are able to predict that the teacher in that room perceives learners to be A) passive. B) active. C) neutral. D) obedient.

You are planning for your first year as a fourth grade teacher. As you think about the units that you will be teaching, you should include all of the following in your plans EXCEPT: A) linking all lessons to the textbook. B) suggestions for teaching the lessons. C) types of materials to be used. D) specific plans for evaluation.

Teachers who believe that they should develop students who are divergent thinkers will design tests that look for A) a single right answer. B) evidence that students have memorized strategies. C) creative solutions. D) a frequently replicated method.

Teachers who believe that they should develop students who are convergent thinkers will design tests that look for A) creative solutions. B) a single right answer. C) multiple answers. D) signs of unique ideas.

Atsko Kobasigawa wants to encourage her students to be motivated to learn. Since this is her goal she should seek to do all of the following EXCEPT: A) encourage internal desires to learn. B) relate her teaching to student needs. C) encourage active participation in the learning process. D) institute a creative system of rewards.

A teacher-dominant orientation results in all of the following situations EXCEPT: A) student interests drive the curriculum design. B) there is a set of rules and regulations. C) provision of clear directions. D) control lies in the hands of the teacher.

When Clinton and Aylissa began to argue over who should take the class guinea pig home for the holidays, Ms. Nesterenko waited patiently for the issue to be resolved. This incident shows that Ms. Nesterenko is a teacher who holds which of the following views? A) interactionist B) interventionist C) noninteractionist D) noninterventionist

Miko has developed the habit of smacking other students on the back of the head when he goes to the pencil sharpener or wastebasket. Dale Shea, his teacher, speaks quietly to him and arranges an after school meeting to investigate possible solutions to Mike's misbehavior. This approach indicates that Dale is a teacher who holds which of the following views? A) interactionist B) interventionist C) noninteractionist D) noninterventionist

Teachers who follow William Glaser's Choice Theory will do all of the following EXCEPT: A) consider the reasons why students misbehave. B) seek the assistance of counselors. C) contact and discuss the situation with parents. D) accept responsibility for studentsʹ misbehavior.

An integral part of Glaser's Choice Theory is to A) impose consequences determined beforehand. B) have students design a plan of their own to correct misbehavior. C) have students choose a plan from a list supplied by the teacher. D) lead students to a forced-choice decision between two alternative solutions.

The Assertive Discipline plan includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) compulsory rules for students. B) rewards for obeying rules. C) consequences for failure to follow rules. D) taking time to determine why rules are broken

Conflict resolution strategies involve A) enlisting parents to help solve problems. B) establishing rules to handle potential problems. C) teaching students to recognize and constructively solve problems. D) developing relationships with the principal so he or she can immediately respond to problems.

Teachers who have expectations for student behavior in the classroom are more likely to be successful if they A) empower their students to act appropriately. B) model the behavior themselves. C) provide a vision of what things should be. D) explain their rationale completely.

The gulf between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds in a school district is often exemplified by all of the following, EXCEPT: A) the availability of federal grants for special programs. B) the percentage of students taking advanced placement courses. C) the percentage of students with special education modifications. D) the placement of more experienced, fully-qualified teachers in a school.

One's philosophical and political perspectives determine how one views the roles of schools. In the United States, all of the following are considered viable goals for schools by some individuals EXCEPT: A) schools should support democratic equality. B) schools should support social efficiency. C) schools should support social mobility. D) schools should support finding one's natural place in society.

Those holding liberal democratic and capitalist views have different opinions about the roles of schools. Which of the following statements correctly describes these views? A) Democracy calls for private rights while capitalism calls for public rights. B) Democracy calls for a liberal education while capitalism calls for preparation for work. C) Democracy calls for preparation for work while capitalism calls for a liberal education. D) Democracy allows for inequalities while capitalism demands equality.

Saying the Pledge of Allegiance in class is an example of which purpose of school? A) cultural transmission B) academic competence C) citizenship D) nationalism

Civics and government courses generally focus on encouraging A) connections with civic and religious groups. B) the structure of the U.S. political system and its heritage. C) a feeling of trust in political figures. D) the desire to give, assist others through volunteering.

The most effective way to engage students in the democratic process is to A) model civic behavior through a meaningful student government. B) provide a single, comprehensive civics course that covers all aspects of democratic government. C) invite the mayor, councillors, state, and federal representatives to a "Democracy Expo." D) encourage students to work on political campaigns at election time.

The biggest problem with preparing students for a specific trade in a vocational program is A) employers would rather have students with strong generic skills. B) it is a financial burden on the school system that employers ought to bear. C) in today's world the specific skills will be obsolete within a few years. D) employers are in the best position to teach skills they require.

Low levels of achievement on international standardized tests lead to all of the following reactions in the United States, EXCEPT: A) There should be an increased concentration on the "basics." B) There should be a reduction in the time spent on life-skills. C) The school day should be lengthened to allow more time for essential studies. D) The funding provided for education needs to be increased greatly to improve instruction.

In the 21st century, the greatest challenge facing those involved in vocational education is A) finding ways to provide students with an ever increasing volume of knowledge. B) helping students to develop the precise skills for their life's work. C) preparing students so they can adjust to change and adapt to new possibilities. D) assisting students to function as "cogs in the wheels" of business and industry.

Lower scores for students from the United States on international achievement tests like TIMSS and PISA, cause outcries from critics that include all of the following demands, EXCEPT: A) an emphasis on preparing students to live in a global economy. B) a back-to-the- basics approach for all students. C) increased time spent on mathematical concepts and skills. D) relying on phonics-based strategies for teaching reading.

Nelson McKelvie is a fourth grade teacher who wants to promote positive interaction among the diverse students in his class. He knows that one of the most effective ways to do so would be to A) have them form self-selected groups to study and complete assignments. B) form cooperative learning groups that he carefully selects. C) arrange for a class Scrabble competition. D) put on a class play at a school-wide assembly.

To eliminate confusion about the common culture of the United States among students newly arrived from a different background, the school must carefully A) align the formal and hidden curricula to reinforce national values and rules. B) immerse the newcomers in the common culture as soon as they enroll. C) provide a crash course on what it means to live in the United States. D) encourage students to retain their native culture rather than learning the common culture too quickly.

Transmission of culture is considered to be a role of the school system of any nation. However, there are some portions of society in the United States today who object to transmission of many of the aspects of culture for one reason or another. All of the following are objected to by a segment of the population, EXCEPT: A) the promotion of a multicultural curriculum. B) discussion of society's values. C) the promotion of our democratic form of government. D) emphasis on individualism and competition.

Culture can best be described as possessing aspects of all of the following, EXCEPT: A) shared. B) constant. C) dynamic. D) learned.

Blerina is a recent immigrant from Albania. Ms. Carstairs has been asking her some questions about her family. The information file she has received indicates that Blerina has a sister and so Ms. Carstairs is surprised when Blerina shakes her head from side to side in answer to the question, Do you have any sisters or brothers? Later Ms. Carstairs discovers that side-to-side head shaking in Albania means, Yes, while up and-down head shaking means, No - exactly the opposite of what she understands them to mean. This type of confusion is a result of a difference in A) cultural verbal cues. B) cultural nonverbal cues. C) limited English proficiencies. D) communication blocks.

Pedro Gomez is a recent immigrant from Mexico. He is taking driver training from Mr. Jones. As Pedro heads west on the interstate, Mr. Jones says, Be careful as you go around the next bend because there is construction and traffic may begin backing up. Pedro, taking Mr. Jones at his word begins to panic fearing that he will see cars reversing towards him. This type of confusion is a result of a difference in A) cultural verbal cues. B) cultural nonverbal cues. C) limited English proficiency. D) communication blocks.

A teacher may do all of the following to help prevent miscommunications based on cultural cues EXCEPT: A) recognize that these miscommunications are based on cultural differences. B) teach the communication patterns of the common culture. C) teach students when to use common communication patterns. D) insist that students stop using their own cultural cues.

Cajun culture includes the use of French language and phrases that have continued to be spoken by the original people who moved as Acadians from Nova Scotia to Louisiana after the fall of New France. Because of the nature of culture and how it is maintained and transmitted, which of the following best describes modern Cajun culture and its relationship to culture in France and Canada? A) Cajun and Parisian language and culture are so alike they are virtually interchangeable. B) Cajun and Acadian cultures in Canada are interchangeable because of origins but differ from that of France. C) Cajun culture today has no apparent connection to its roots in France and Canada. D) All three cultures are distinct because they each are dynamic and have evolved in different directions.

The Common Culture of the United States is derived from that of A) white, middle-class Catholics from Western Europe. B) white, middle-class Protestants from Western Europe. C) black, middle-class Protestants from Africa. D) middle-class Hispanics from Mexico and Central America.

The Common Culture has been defined historically by A) a consensus of all residents of the area. B) legislation and regulations of governments. C) those in power in the area. D) decisions of courts of law.

The Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s and 1970s are examples that illustrate that in the United States A) there has long been a consensus on what the common culture should look like. B) that those in power will not voluntarily share it with those who have different values. C) that the majority has the right to set the pattern for everyone in society. D) that beliefs, attitudes, and values are universally held.

Helga Brenders knows that she can learn more about the cultural identities of her students in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: A) volunteering to sponsor the chess team at the school. B) taking a course in ethnic studies. C) participating in a cultural fair sponsored by an ethnic club. D) organizing a multicultural club at her school.

A school with a pluralistic approach will A) emphasize the common culture's heritage to help foster a feeling of belonging. B) build on similarities and minimize differences among students. C) value cultural differences and integrate them into the curriculum. D) encourage children to concentrate on learning about and celebrate their individual heritages.

The Pleasant Valley School District is planning to build a third high school. Many of the students from the two existing schools will have to move to the new school. The district has established a committee to help the student body of the new Stony Creek High School to develop a sense of belonging and community. They know that all of the following are signs and emblems that will build a school culture, EXCEPT: A) a school song. B) colors for team uniforms. C) cheers. D) assimilation.

Which of the following is an example of a school tradition? A) emphasis on individual needs. B) high school marching band. C) community bonds. D) Carnegie units.

You are acting as a consultant to a group of parents who wish to set up a charter school for their children. Since some of them are unsure of the requirements for such a school, you have been asked to present an introductory session. You should include all the following as requirements, EXCEPT: A) The group must find a state agency or local school board that will agree to sponsor the school. B) The group must agree to a contract that describes how the school will operate in exchange for public funds. C) The group must agree that it will be accountable for student learning. D) The group must agree to meet all district and state regulations.

Which of the following would object the most strongly to a proposal to institute a voucher system that would include access to private and religious schools? A) conservative politicians. B) teacher unions. C) ethnic minorities. D) the state Department of Education.

Over the past thirty years, the net migration of families and individuals has involved movement A) from the west coast to the east coast. B) from the Southwest to the Northeast. C) from the South and West to the Northeast and Midwest. D) from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West.

Katrina is a student at a Montessori School. She began school at age two and a half and will soon be turning seven. Which of the following statements describes her education so far? A) She is proud of the straight A's she has earned. B) She has had the same teacher during the whole time she has been there. C) Her days have been organized into short, Sesame-Street-type, segments. D) She has not misbehaved because of the strict discipline system in place.

The overall poverty rate is highest among those living in A) rural areas. B) outer suburbs. C) inner suburbs. D) cities.

Increasing numbers of urban and suburban dwellers are re-establishing themselves in rural communities from which they commute to employment in cities. Which of the following tends to be true about the values of the newcomers when compared to the values of the natives of the rural communities? A) They have similar values. B) They are more conservative. C) They have different expectations of schools.. D) They are content to accept what is in place.

A higher level of achievement on tests and a higher percentage of students attending college is found in A) rural areas. B) suburbs. C) cities. D) inner cities.

Those living in large urban areas have all of the following advantages, EXCEPT: A) unusually rich resources, such as museums, libraries, and theaters. B) an extremely diverse population. C) a wide range of affordable housing. D) a variety of magnet schools serving different interests.

One-half of the population of the world lives in A) rural areas. B) suburbs. C) medium-sized cities. D) mega-cities.

The schools throughout a city, such as New York City, can best be described as A) uniform in quality and condition. B) employing the same philosophy of education. C) looking different and serving students differently. D) sharing resources and funding equally.

Parents who are in the upper middle class more frequently tend to do all of the following, EXCEPT: A) volunteer to help in school breakfast programs. B) talk with their children's teachers.. C) intervene so that their children have the best teachers.. D) encourage their children to complete school work..

The mayors of cities, such as Washington D.C. and New York City, have taken control of the management of the public school systems with the stated aim of A) reducing taxes and budgets. B) reforming schools and improving student learning. C) improving the curriculum. D) ensure that children are treated more equitably.

As a result of the criticisms of those associated with educational reform, teachers who have been identified as ineffective are being replaced by energetic, intelligent, and enthusiastic teachers with backgrounds that have emphasized A) educational philosophies and developmental theories. B) a wide variety of teaching strategies to assist diverse learners. C) academic content in one or more subject areas. D) a concern for the welfare and well-being of all students.

Research on effective schools shows that they possess all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT: A) they have strong ties to teacher unions. B) they are standards-based. C) they use performance-based assessments. D) they encourage problem-solving and critical thinking.

To be awarded "Blue Ribbon" status by the federal government as a high performing school, students in the school must operate at which percentile on the state tests? A) 95th B) 90th C) 85th D) 80th

The factor with the greatest impact on the publicity surrounding the performance gaps among different groups in society is: A) pressure from state legislators. B) criticisms by education reformers. C) disaggregation of scores mandated by NCLB.. D) pressure resulting from freedom of information laws.

Income, occupation, and educational attainment are criteria that constitute A) culture. B) socioeconomic status. C) capital. D) pluralism.

What characteristic of society places individuals at different levels of the social structure based upon wealth, income, occupation, and education? A) socioeconomic status B) social composition C) social power D) social stratification

How are characteristics such as levels and rank within the social class structure classified? A) social stratification B) social composition C) stereotypes D) social power

The class that represents 46 percent of the employed population is the A) middle class. B) upper class. C) working class. D) underclass.

Families whose income ranges from $45,000 to $88,000 make up the A) working class. B) lower class. C) middle class. D) upper class.

The term Asian American refers to the classification of a population known as A) cultural. B) microcultural. C) panethnic membership. D) social stratification.

The identification of membership in a group based on the national origin (that is, a specific country or area of the world) of one's ancestors, a shared culture, and a sense of common destiny is called A) cultural identity. B) ethnicity. C) social stratification. D) ethnocentrism.

Ethnic group members share all of the following EXCEPT: A) a common religion. B) a common history. C) a common language. D) common traditions.

Viktor and Olga, who recently immigrated to the United States, want their children to remain connected to their ethnic origins. They can do so by all of the following EXCEPT: A) participating in ethnic clubs or events. B) practicing traditions of the country of origin. C) helping other new arrivals to become assimilated. D) being actively engaged in promoting the civil rights of their group.

What is the officially recognized sign language with a complex grammar and a well -regulated syntax? A) Institutional Sign Language B) American Sign Language C) Universal Sign Language D) Spoken Sign Language

Tyrell would like to work in the preparation of media for educational uses. If he plans to be a narrator, he would be wise to develop skills in A) inner city dialects. B) standard English. C) maintaining his regional dialect. D) multidialect pronunciations.

At what age have children learned their gender and begun to exhibit stereotypical behavior? A) two years old B) three to four years old C) five to six years old D) eight to nine years old

All of the following are unaffected by a person's gender EXCEPT: A) mathematical aptitude. B) science aptitude. C) verbal abilities. D) income from employment.

Which statement best reflects the economic status of women in the United States? A) They have made considerable economic progress and generally are paid as much as men for comparable jobs. B) They generally do not enjoy equal job status and earn considerably less than men for comparable jobs. C) They enjoy economic equity with men but this is not reflected in the media. D) They enjoy economic and social equity with men but this success is being compromised by the lack of interest in women's movements.

When Kaitlyn is interviewed for a teaching position in a working-class school she is asked why many of the boys in the school have developed patterns of resistance to school and its authority figures. Her best answer would be: A) They perceive that schooling is feminine, emphasizing mental rather than manual work. B) It is a genetic trait that schools cannot overcome. C) They think that aggressiveness toward the faculty will make them more attractive to girls. D) Boys will be boys.

Title IX programs are intended to A) prevent discrimination so that females and males have equal educational opportunities. B) provide intellectually challenged students with equal opportunities. C) require school boards to make school buildings accessible to the physically challenged. D) provide girls with the same sports teams as boys.

The Rocky Hill School District has been accused of not complying with the provisions of Title IX with respect to their sports programs. The lawyer for the school district has informed the school board members of the three points, upheld by courts in the past, that they must apply. The test includes all of the following points EXCEPT: A) the percentage of female and male athletes must be substantially proportionate to the percentage of females and male students enrolled in the district. B) if the percentages of female and male athletes is not proportionate to the percentage of female and male students, the district must fully and effectively meet the interests and abilities of female students. C) the school district must provide opportunities for all females and males to participate in the same sports. D) the school district must have a history of expanding opportunities for underrepresented females to participate in sports

Sexual orientation in a child is established by A) infancy. B) early childhood. C) middle childhood. D) young adulthood.

Some educators make a determination as to whether or not a child with special needs will be able to enter the diploma-bound program by the end of kindergarten. Such a decision can A) help these students achieve by lowering the pressure on them. B) lead to lowered academic expectations for those students who can perform at high levels when provided with appropriate accommodations for their disability. C) help the students by providing more opportunities for accommodations for their disability. D) benefit students by grouping them in segregated facilities with others having similar disabilities.

Sally Houston has reduced mobility because she is confined to a wheel chair. She has a college degree and is certified as a laboratory technologist. She has applied for many positions and the personnel directors who have interviewed her are extremely impressed with her knowledge and skills. However, she has been told by most of them, ʺWe would like to hire you but we are unable to because...ʺ A) of a lack of accommodations in the workplace. B) our health care carrier won't allow it. C) workman's compensation will not apply. D) legislation prevents us from hiring you.

Inclusion is most effective when all of the following are part of the plan EXCEPT: A) the classroom teacher also acts as a specialist dealing with the exceptionality. B) a team of specialists develops an individualized educational plan (IEP) for each student. C) a teacher's aide works with students with exceptionalities. D) the classroom teacher collaborates with a team of specialists providing specific services.

The architects for Glendale Middle School are meeting with the administration of the school district to provide for accommodations for the school's inclusion plan. They will need to consider all of the following EXCEPT: A) washrooms that are handicap accessible. B) ramps or elevators. C) desks to accommodate wheelchairs. D) an inviting room exclusively for students with exceptionalities.

Religious beliefs generally guide students and their families in all of the following areas, EXCEPT: A) agreement on the essential core of a belief system. B) the values and lifestyles of families. C) the socialization of children and young people. D) guidance on moral and ethical issues.

The most common religion in the United States is A) Catholicism B) Jewish C) Muslim D) Protestantism

The foundations of multicultural education include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) diversity. B) social justice. C) homogeneity. D) equality.

Bunmi Sodade knows that she will promote multiculturalism among her students if she A) sets aside a week during Black History month to discuss the contributions of African Americans. B) holds an ethnic food festival when students can bring in their native foods to share. C) displays posters that highlight major contributions by women to science. D) integrates principles of diversity, social justice, and equality throughout her curriculum.

Rheena is preparing a presentation for a unit on multiculturalism for one of the classes in her teacher education program. Which of the following strategies has been the most effective in bringing the cultures of diverse students into the classroom? A) allow them to go to the library to find books about their culture B) study their culture one month a year C) invite a speaker from the same cultural background to the classroom D) use examples from their cultures and experiences as subjects are taught

Jeremy Chase wishes to demonstrate to the diverse students in his class that he has a respect for their cultural backgrounds. He has contacted Vern Mahadeo, the school district's Multicultural Consultant. Since he ha s spent a great deal of time studying how to work with diverse students, Vern would recommend all of the following EXCEPT: A) Teachers should be able to help students see the relationship between the subject matter and the world in which they live. B) Students should be able to see themselves in the representations used by teachers. C) Teachers should be able to provide instruction that allows students to access the knowledge based on the studentsʹ way of thinking. D) Teachers should strive to find the best scientifically-proven teaching strategy and use it for all their students.

If you were part of a committee to help develop an awareness of other cultural groups at a teacher's college in an area that was very homogeneous, you would be likely to recommend all of the following approaches EXCEPT: A) encourage collaboration with other schools with similar populations. B) provide courses in ethnic and women's studies. C) require students to read and respond to books by female authors and authors of color. D) require participation in institutions and activities of diverse communities.

Teachers who believe that all students can learn, who place students at the center of teaching, and who try to build on their cultural backgrounds and experiences, will develop meaningful learning experiences when they engage in A) culturally relevant teaching. B) diversity teaching. C) equity education. D) social justice learning.

Which of the following is an important consideration for teachers who still face fairly homogeneous populations? A) They need to make certain that the dominant culture is ingrained in all their students. B) They need to work harder to bring different perspectives to presentations and discussions. C) They can spend more time on a traditional curriculum and less on discussing diversity. D) They need to concentrate on preparing their students for the specific jobs available in the community.

The Supreme Court case that declared separate-but-equal education for black and white students illegal was A) Plessy v. Ferguson B) Brown v. Board of Education C) the Dred Scott case D) Clarke v. Baltimore Public Schools

Multiculturalists believe that A) the promotion of diversity will divide the nation. B) English-only policies will encourage assimilation. C) the recognition and promotion of diversity will strengthen the nation. D) immigration policies need to be more restrictive.

Tamika would like to provide an environment that would permit all student participants to have voice. She realizes that such a move could be risky and she must be prepared for all of the following possibilities EXCEPT: A) The students may express anger and be confrontational. B) The students may test the limits of the type of language that can be used. C) The students might feel that they have nothing to contribute and will remain silent. D) Her patience may be tested as she and the students figure out how to listen and contribute to the listening process.

Which of the following is particularly important in affirming student voices? A) respect for differences that exist in the classroom B) teachers need to be prepared with the right answers to all questions C) teacher monologues to make sure that the stage is properly set for each discussion D) a reliance on oral communication rather than writing and artistic expression

Which of the following is an example of a social injustice? A) The best teachers are in the schools with the most academically challenged students. B) The number of minority students in special education classes is proportionate to the school population. C) All students are given an equal opportunity to learn. D) A high school in a low-income area does not have the funds to offer an advanced placement class.

Most attempts to provide equal educational opportunities have provided which of the following? A) compensatory programs to help overcome gaps B) equal access to gifted and talented programs C) increased numbers of spaces in advanced placement programs D) a completely level playing field for all students

Which of the following is a policy that would ensure that all students, regardless of cultural background and family circumstances, would be provided access to a similar educational opportunities? A) equality in education B) equal educational opportunity C) dominant educational opportunity D) no educational opportunity

Manuel Ortega wants to help his students to achieve at the highest levels possible. He knows that to be successful, he will have to employ all of the following strategies EXCEPT: A) All students should be provided with equal opportunities to learn. B) His methods should demonstrate that he believes all students should be expected to learn at a high level. C) Those students not performing well will become intellectual challenges for him. D) Students not achieving well should be moved to other classes where they will have better opportunities.

David Orchinsky believes that teaching for social justice is an integral part of his job. He knows that to reach his goal he must address all of the following in his program, EXCEPT: A) help his students to have hop for a more equitable and socially just society. B) join with his students in confronting injustice and removing impediments to equality. C) assist the shopkeepers in the neighbourhood to advertise their merchandise. D) take on community projects, such as assisting elderly and underprivileged residents clean up their property.

Teach for America

Which of the following organizations offers a national, advanced certification to teachers that is good for ten years?

Approximately how many states require a national teacher examination as a test of teacher competency before granting initial certification?

The largest, most visible, and most powerful teachers' organizations are the National Education Association and the

Teacher shortages exist in the nation's large cities for all of the following reasons except:

The combination of teachers adding intellectual value to their organization, being decision makers, needing to have specialized knowledge, and are required to fulfill licensure requirements make teaching

The Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium Standards (INTASC)

Which of the following criticisms has been leveled at teacher unions?

What term is used to describe the negotiation of the professional rights and responsibilities of teachers as a group?

The five steps of reflective teaching are perceiving, valuing, knowing, acting, and

If we never experience discrimination, we may find it difficult to understand why others feel offended or discriminated against.

Domestic violence is the primary cause of homelessness for women with children in the United States.

Hiring practices which look at each applicant based upon skills and qualifications rather than judging applicants by their sex, skin color, or able-bodiedness are designed to prevent

All of the following are true of children who live in shelters or on the street EXCEPT:

Resilient students exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

The Sexual Harassment Taskforce of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) recommends that teachers assist students who are potential victims of bullying and harassment by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Statistics show that only 70% of students receive regular standards -based diplomas at the same time as the class with which they began high school.

Students who drop out of high school today generally do so for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Today's young people face all of the following challenges EXCEPT:

The process through which prejudice and discriminatory attitudes are passed from parents to their children is

In the early 20th century, all of the following events occurred in the nation's schools except:

Governmental efforts to educate Native Americans to the values and customs of the Anglo-European culture were administered through which of the following organizations?

The Ford Foundation began programs intended to

Head Start was a program launched by which president?

The Dawes Act of 1887

What was guaranteed by Title IX of the Education Amendments Act, passed in 1972?

The Womens Educational Equity Act (WEEA) of 1974

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution instituted which of the following practices?

An example of the black codes of conduct, established after the Civil War, would be

Which of the following ideas was promoted by Thomas Jefferson in reference to Native Americans?

Before the Civil War, the South Carolina legislature made educating slaves

How did people of the middle Atlantic colonies differ from those of the Southern colonies?

Which of the following statements demonstrates Calvinist thinking?

What was the purpose of the American lyceum?

In the early southern colonies , parents taught their children at home because

Slaves learned to read and write in all of the following ways except:

The Northeast shaped the character of the nation because of

Friedrich Froebel is credited with establishing

A majority of colonists, particularly in the South, believed that the Scriptures were the key to self-determination and understanding God's will, thus, the purpose of education was to help

higher than in the past

maintain high expectations for the child

They usually live with a parent

School districts can easily obtain court orders to prevent them from enrolling

their parents

a feeling of security

more relaxed standards from educational authorities

More of them finish high school and enrol in post-secondary education than ever before

They are mature enough to have the benefits of adulthood

They appear bright and alert and attempt to attract attention

20%

asserting oneself more to show confidence

Teach them to aggresively stand up for themselves

Boys connect sex with loving, enduring relationships

60%

not always supported by families and communities

alcohol

lack of technology

White Americans

40%

a high percentage of 17-year-olds work after school

higher budget allocations

affliating with one's gender and racial and ethnic groups

socialization

pay employees from other ethnic groups less than employees from their own ethnic group

prejudice

discrimination

differences in power and advantage

sexism

ableism

normal

They have easy access to stable employment

statistically are not considered to be high school graduates

Asian Americans

ninth

cross-check the facts included for accuracy

ability to be self-effacing

can be viewed by anyone with access to the internet

more time to plan

highly qualified teachers returning from exchange programs

local school board

state legislation

the state

hired by the local board of education

line

intermediate units

hiring and firing of school personnel

is the chief executive officer of the school board

the noise makes it difficult for students to focus on their work

there is little opportunity for teachers to communicate with one another

Additional assistant principals should be appointed to help the principal

principal

the science department head

increased parental participation in decision-making

school-based management

less abountability for decisions that prove to be unwelcome

increase the number of students that can be handled annually

advisory and regulatory

regulatory powers

state courts and the attorney general

individual members of the state legislature

property tax

it provides steady, regular income

it tends to discourage rehabilitation and up keep

when property taxes are the major source of income for education all communities benefit equally

the students in both districts would benefit equally if their districts accepted the offer

financing of public schools is unjust and in total chaos

the dollar value of basic educational opprtunities desired in a state

equity for taxpayers and equality of opportunity for students

sets foundation levels far below actual per-pupil costs

the use of grants tied to various mandates

children of employees of federal defense contractors

been expanded

those in gifted programs

the disaggregated scores of adequate yearly progress for all groups within the school population

restructure, which includes reopening as a charter school

proof of the scores attained by the teacher on required state or Praxis certification tests

can effectively talk and negotiate with all parties

concentrating on developing the best strategies to use in his own classroom

the increasing scores of U.S. students on international standardized tests

Tenth amendment

makes education the legal responsibility of each state

First amendment

guarantees the right of due process of law for teachers

Fourteenth amendment

by providing equal protection of rights for all citizens

does the act require adherence to a particular faith

the child benefit theory

he grants the request since the Bible Club is already meeting in the school

teachers may teach about the Bible as an aspect of the history of literature

de facto segregation

Plessy v. Ferguson

the area is under no obligation to try and correct a situation due to changing demographic patterns

race or national origin

reverse discrimination

gender

prevent discrimination so that girls and boys have equal opportunities

making grants to states and school districts

the Americans with Disabilities Act

property interests

to make sure there are competent teachers in the classroom

board of education

the district's dress code

She cannot be dismissed for participating in the weekend forum

federal legislation

the teacher's firing is upheld while the professor's firing is overturned

it is not generally recognized for elementary and secondary teachers

as long as the statements they make are true

prohibiting non-custodial parents access to records

tort

she should ask Anastasia for written permission to disclose the records

cannot generally be proven

rule that a reasonable teacher would be able to foresee that the candles were dangerous

Maria has a right to free public education even though she is homeless

the school's right to act as a parent substitute

following procedures for protecting individual rights

the school may discipline Karl for using obscene and derogatory language in a student assembly

state constitution

Title IX prohibits the exclusion of the student from regular classes and also prohibits exclusion from extra-curricular activities

provides funds for states which implement a program of action

search the lockers of students

the way in which the search is conducted

Brown v. Board of Education as a legal decision effectively ended

Which Supreme Court decision found that involuntary busing was a legitimate means of achieving school integration?

By accepting federal financial assistance, state agencies and local school districts agree to comply with

In accordance with the Copyright Law of 1978, teachers are allowed to

Which of the following is designed to protect the privacy of student records?

The Fourth Amendment is primarily focused on

The Supreme Court has ruled that corporal punishment in public schools

Gaining the right to permanent employment after serving a successful probationary period as a teacher is known as

Teachers and schools are in loco parentis. This legal phrase means that the state must act

Teachers are required by federal law to

Approximately how many states require a national teacher examination as a test of teacher competency before granting initial certification?

Teacher shortages exist in the nation's large cities for all of the following reasons except:

The largest, most visible, and most powerful teachers' organizations are the National Education Association and the

Which of the following organizations offers a national, advanced certification to teachers that is good for ten years?

The Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium Standards (INTASC)

The five steps of reflective teaching are perceiving, valuing, knowing, acting, and

Teach for America

What term is used to describe the negotiation of the professional rights and responsibilities of teachers as a group?

Which of the following criticisms has been leveled at teacher unions?

The combination of teachers adding intellectual value to their organization, being decision makers, needing to have specialized knowledge, and are required to fulfill licensure requirements make teaching

higher than in the past

maintain high expectations for the child

They usually live with a parent

School districts can easily obtain court orders to prevent them from enrolling

their parents

a feeling of security

more relaxed standards from educational authorities

More of them finish high school and enrol in post-secondary education than ever before

They are mature enough to have the benefits of adulthood

They appear bright and alert and attempt to attract attention

20%

asserting oneself more to show confidence

Teach them to aggresively stand up for themselves

Boys connect sex with loving, enduring relationships

60%

not always supported by families and communities

alcohol

lack of technology

White Americans

40%

a high percentage of 17-year-olds work after school

higher budget allocations

affliating with one's gender and racial and ethnic groups

socialization

pay employees from other ethnic groups less than employees from their own ethnic group

prejudice

discrimination

differences in power and advantage

sexism

ableism

normal

They have easy access to stable employment

statistically are not considered to be high school graduates

Asian Americans

ninth

cross-check the facts included for accuracy

ability to be self-effacing

can be viewed by anyone with access to the internet

more time to plan

highly qualified teachers returning from exchange programs

local school board

state legislation

the state

hired by the local board of education

line

intermediate units

hiring and firing of school personnel

is the chief executive officer of the school board

the noise makes it difficult for students to focus on their work

there is little opportunity for teachers to communicate with one another

Additional assistant principals should be appointed to help the principal

principal

the science department head

increased parental participation in decision-making

school-based management

less abountability for decisions that prove to be unwelcome

increase the number of students that can be handled annually

advisory and regulatory

regulatory powers

state courts and the attorney general

individual members of the state legislature

property tax

it provides steady, regular income

it tends to discourage rehabilitation and up keep

when property taxes are the major source of income for education all communities benefit equally

the students in both districts would benefit equally if their districts accepted the offer

financing of public schools is unjust and in total chaos

the dollar value of basic educational opprtunities desired in a state

equity for taxpayers and equality of opportunity for students

sets foundation levels far below actual per-pupil costs

the use of grants tied to various mandates

children of employees of federal defense contractors

been expanded

those in gifted programs

the disaggregated scores of adequate yearly progress for all groups within the school population

restructure, which includes reopening as a charter school

proof of the scores attained by the teacher on required state or Praxis certification tests

can effectively talk and negotiate with all parties

concentrating on developing the best strategies to use in his own classroom

the increasing scores of U.S. students on international standardized tests

Tenth amendment

makes education the legal responsibility of each state

First amendment

guarantees the right of due process of law for teachers

Fourteenth amendment

by providing equal protection of rights for all citizens

does the act require adherence to a particular faith

the child benefit theory

he grants the request since the Bible Club is already meeting in the school

teachers may teach about the Bible as an aspect of the history of literature

de facto segregation

Plessy v. Ferguson

the area is under no obligation to try and correct a situation due to changing demographic patterns

race or national origin

reverse discrimination

gender

prevent discrimination so that girls and boys have equal opportunities

making grants to states and school districts

the Americans with Disabilities Act

property interests

to make sure there are competent teachers in the classroom

board of education

the district's dress code

She cannot be dismissed for participating in the weekend forum

federal legislation

the teacher's firing is upheld while the professor's firing is overturned

it is not generally recognized for elementary and secondary teachers

as long as the statements they make are true

prohibiting non-custodial parents access to records

tort

she should ask Anastasia for written permission to disclose the records

cannot generally be proven

rule that a reasonable teacher would be able to foresee that the candles were dangerous

Maria has a right to free public education even though she is homeless

the school's right to act as a parent substitute

following procedures for protecting individual rights

the school may discipline Karl for using obscene and derogatory language in a student assembly

state constitution

Title IX prohibits the exclusion of the student from regular classes and also prohibits exclusion from extra-curricular activities

provides funds for states which implement a program of action

search the lockers of students

the way in which the search is conducted

Which statement would most likely be made by a critic of schools' efforts to transmit culture?

Alexis is a teacher who feels strongly about the importance of preparing students to live in a democracy. She feels that this objective is just as important as math or science, and she constantly pushes her colleagues to incorporate civic instruction into their courses, no matter the subject. Alexis's ideas reflect

Economic reconstructionists believe that

As an economic reconstructionist, Paulo Freire argued that

When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate school goals in a study,

In schools where teachers do not have daily contact with one another and act independently of others in the school, this represents a failure of which "five-factor theory" concept?

Studies on school size have determined that

The current reform efforts in education can be traced to

The economist who argued that school competition and choice would improve the quality of public education was

Which of the following statements most reflects the beliefs of James Coleman?

Which of the following is a characteristic of charter schools?

At a recent school board meeting, a group of parents spoke out on the issue of the poor quality of the district's schools. They demanded the formation of charter schools that emphasized a rigorous, traditional curriculum and teacher-centered classrooms. These parents most closely resemble

An early promoter of vouchers in education was

Which of the following was begun as a tool to desegregate schools?

How many states currently allow open enrollment within their school districts?

There tend to be fewer virtual schools at the elementary levels, primarily because

The experiences that school districts had with the Edison Schools Inc.

Based on poll results, how have Americans' opinion on the idea of charter schools changed in the past decade?

Jean and Stephen were concerned about the quality of education that their son, Galen, was receiving in the neighborhood school. They felt that the secular curriculum did not reflect their strong religious beliefs. As result, they chose to homeschool Galen for the rest of his educational career. The religiously-based motivation on the part of Galen's parents to homeschool him is indicative of

Elaine was homeschooled for most of her life before heading to college at a state university. Based on what is known regarding homeschooled students in college, Elaine will probably

Baltimore middle school was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a green ribbon school. The school earned this distinction for

According to the survey by the Education Sector, most teachers

Influential teacher organizations are cautiously supportive of a merit pay plan, providing certain provisions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those provisions?

Historically, who has the LEAST opportunity to give feedback in the school reform movement

In Life in Classrooms, Philip W. Jackson characterizes school life as

Research indicates that because of noninstructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.) teachers lose what percentage of instructional time

Paula is an elementary school teacher who often feels more like the last thing in the world she gets to do is teach her students. She feels as though much of her day is taken up with determining who gets to speak, when to line up for lunch, how the class will work when broken into groups, and so forth. Based on these actions, Paula occupies the role of

According to Jeannie Oakes, tracking persists in schools largely because

According to Goodlad, which statement is true regarding the patterns of classroom interactions?

For all of his schooling, Nicola has found himself in the lower level tracks. Despite this, he has studied hard and has done well in his classes. In his eighth-grade year, one of his teachers urged him to register for college preparatory courses in high school. Inspired by the idea that one of his teachers thought he could actually make it to college, Nicola and his parents met with his counselor. Based on the research by Ray Rist, what is the counselor most likely to tell them?

If detracking is to be successful, schools must

During elementary school, there is

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a critic of middle school education?

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of adolescent culture in school

Critics of middle school education argue they should be replaced by

When people remember their high school experiences, they are most likely to recall issues concerning the

Regarding the friendships that they make, teens tend to

Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?

Which of the following is true regarding working women?

Emily's parents have just completed a divorce in which both parents will share custody. For Emily, which of the following statements is true?

The most widespread form of substance abuse is

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy found to be particularly appropriate for students living in poverty?

Poor students frequently feel alienated from the school experience because

Members of which demographic group are at the greatest risk for committing suicide

In researching poverty, Shirley Brice Heath found that interactions between adults and children

Which of the following ranked highest with girls in describing their peer culture in middle school

Bullying has been an accepted school tradition for so long because

Mercedes, a young Hispanic female, is excited because she is about to celebrate her fifteenth birthday, the quincea-era, which is considered to be a rite of passage into adulthood. Such celebrations are an important part of Mercedes's

Demographically, most of the poor in America are

Attempts to organize Gay-Straight Alliances in schools have been aided by the

In an essay she wrote in her sociology of education course, Eve argued that one of the reasons that minorities struggled academically while in schools was genetic deficiencies that made them incapable of learning at the same pace as non-minority students. Such thinking on Eve's part is indicative of

According to current statistics, racial segregation among groups in society has

Marie is a middle-grades teacher in a large city. Marie believes that all children can learn, and she strives mightily to help her students achieve. Yet, every day in the teacher's workroom she seems to get into arguments with colleagues who feel that it is a waste of time and effort to try to work with the students they teach, since "they're just going to wind up dropping out and going to jail." The attitudes of Marie's colleagues are indicative of

The "Lau Remedies" were important because they

Han is an elementary school student in a rural district. Han's family arrived from Laos, and he speaks very little English. Although Han really wants to do well at school, he struggles, because the instruction is in English only and his teachers make no effort to modify instruction so that he can understand what is going on. Han's experience most closely reflects

By the year 2030, children of color will make up approximately what proportion of the school population?

In diverse classrooms, teachers can use generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes. Which of the following is a stereotype?

A major assumption of multicultural education is that

During the past decades, the College Board has worked to diversify its reading lists for its Advanced Placement Exams to reflect works by women, people of color, and writers from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Such efforts on the part of the College Board reflect which approach to multicultural education?

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is NOT true?

When Carlos Ovando's family first emigrated from Nicaragua, school was difficult for him because of his limited English proficiency and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was most similar to that of

When a teacher spends only a week of class time talking about important female inventors, the teacher is taking the ________ approach to multicultural education.

Israel Zangwill's 1910 description of America as a "melting pot" best reflects the idea of

Culturally responsive teaching proponent Gloria Ladson-Billings would most likely support all of the following EXCEPT

Frequently, the ability of teachers to engage in LGBT issues in schools is influenced by

When a state implements a law that mandates English-only instruction in schools, the state's action represents which underlying philosophy of bilingual education?

In terms of deciding which approach to bilingual education is most effective, research has indicated that

Nick is a high school teacher in a large city in the Southeast. Although he is white, he works well with the diverse students in his school, as well as with the parents in the community. One of the things students and parents appreciate about Nick is that he is comfortable in the community and he has taken the time to learn about his students and "where they come from." In terms of multicultural education, Nick emphasizes

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of survey data regarding the state of race relations in America?

Multicultural educators that follow the approach called "teaching the culturally different" primarily advocate

One of the reasons that students in schools are more segregated today than at any time since the Civil Rights movement is

As a student in college, Luisa was shocked at some of the things she was learning in her Survey of American History course. Although she had studied American history before, her teachers had never mentioned many of the things she was learning for the first time from the professor. Luisa's experiences would most closely reflect the effects of

Educator Hilda Taba argued which of the following about the importance of a school curriculum?

Which of the following represents a way in which a teacher might informally influence curriculum?

In recent times, the role of state governments in curricular decisions has

The development of common core state standards that have been adopted in over 40 states reflects the influence on curriculum by

Which of the following groups of states wield the most influence on textbook creation and adoption

Which of the following factors has the greatest potential to undermine the influence of the major textbook adoption states in determining the instructional content of textbooks?

One of the primary reasons that No Child Left Behind was revamped is that

Research on the effectiveness of computers in education shows that

Which statement would most likely be made by a proponent of Common Core Standards?

Andrew is a student in the class Rebecca teaches. While Andrew is not in the lowest percentile of the class, he isn't in the highest, either. In fact, Andrew could go either way in terms of passing or failing. Rebecca will spend

Textbook adoption states

Advantages of the statewide textbook adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT

The phenomenon represented by the test-tampering scandal in Atlanta, Georgia, is most closely associated with

A textbook covers twentieth-century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights; and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious race relations. This is an example of bias called

Which of the following is NOT a reason that standardized tests are popular?

Lisa, Paul, and Jay were given an assignment at the end of their first unit in Spanish I. They were to prepare and act out a skit where they were to assume the roles of students visiting Argentina for Spring Break. They were to enter into a restaurant order a meal, and pay for the meal, all in Spanish. The students knew they were being evaluated on how they performed these tasks, so they took care to do a good job. This sort of task is an example of

According to survey information on the subject of teaching creationism, evolution, or intelligent design in schools, a large segment of the public feels that

Which constitutional amendment is at the heart of the controversies surrounding intelligent design, creationism, and evolution

Research indicates that the frequency of self-censorship

A scientific "theory," such as the theory of evolution, is

"Intelligent design"

The main point of the "saber-tooth curriculum" is that

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made by an opponent of censorship

The next major trend in educational technology appears to be the implementation of

New conceptualizations of intelligence view it as changeable and somewhat controllable. This idea of intelligence is referred to as

Jean is a student in your class. She is very aware of how she feels emotionally, and has a clear idea of her strengths and her limitations. She uses her sense of self as a key resource as she approaches her work in your class. Based on this description, you believe that Jean has

A person who demonstrates strong existential intelligence (the intelligence Gardner is currently exploring) would have the ability to

A student who says, "I failed the test because the fire alarm went off in the middle of the test" appears to exhibit

According to Gardner, if we are to develop students who are willing to face hard truths and value honest behavior, we have to develop the

The idea that "reasoning and control" might combine in way that "enhances living" is most directly associated with the concept of

How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?

Psychologist Daniel Goleman argues that

Which of the following has NOT been given as a reason for single-sex schools

People who are popular, are good leaders, and can make others feel comfortable and connected may be strong in which emotional intelligence dimension?

Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving accurate diagnosis of individual needs

Today, about ________ percent of the public school student population is identified as gifted.

The principle of the IDEA that states that no child with disabilities may be denied a free, appropriate education is

The concepts in the IDEA that students should be assessed fairly by the use of tests that are free from cultural biases and are in the students' native languages would be covered by which provision

Which of the following is NOT currently one of the five elements of giftedness identified by the National Association for Gifted Children?

Which of the following is true of students receiving special education

A teacher reading the work of Janet Hyde would most likely come to which of the following conclusions about the male and female students in his classes

The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of

Least-restrictive environment" refers to

One of the reasons that teachers feel uncertain about educating special needs students is that they

Procedural due process" refers to the

After what major event did America experience its first shift toward humanist social attempts at better treatment and education of the disabled?

For teachers involved in gifted education programs, one of the key tasks to accomplish is

Grace Fernald, Marianne Frostig and Heinz Werner are noted for pioneering

Which of the following is NOT a significant part of the portfolio approach to assessment?

Which of the following is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession

Which of the following statements is true regarding merit pay

Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect

In terms of professional status, many consider teaching to be

Edward lives in Maryland during the colonial period. When it comes time to choose a trade, he decides he wishes to become a teacher. How would he prepare to teach children during this time in American history

Normal schools were important because they

Modern efforts at education reform can be traced back to the

When Amanda decided to be a teacher in college, she found that her school had discontinued its undergraduate teaching major. In its place, Amanda did a fifth-year program that combined both bachelor and master's level requirements. Interestingly, when Amanda went for her NBPTS certification as a teacher, the principles reflected in the NBPTS requirements reflected those she encountered in her teacher preparation in college. Amanda's teacher preparation most closely reflected the ideas contained in

To demonstrate their expertise, teachers undergoing NBPTS certification must

Elaine has been a fifth grade teacher since 1998. During this time she has become an adept observer of her students and how they learn. Elaine takes her experiences with her students and combines them with the theory she has learned to craft instruction that promotes curiosity, tolerance, honesty, respect for diversity, and appreciation for all cultures. Finally, Elaine makes a point of modeling these virtues for her students so that they master these ideas even more effectively. Elaine's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?

Paula is a high school music teacher who is known for her involvement and commitment to her students and to her school. She is constantly working with other teachers and administrators so that they can have the best instruction, curriculum, and staff development possible. She also reaches out through her music program to involve parents and the community to make sure that these groups are engaged with the school and feel like they have stake in what is going on there. Paula's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?

Regarding the issue of how to best prepare teachers, there is

Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs

One of the recommendations for improving the Teach for America (TFA) program is to

The idea for Teach for America (TFA) came from

Pavel is a new teacher in an inner-city school in Boston. To prepare for teaching, Pavel first had to promise his school that he would stay for at least five years. Then, he spent his first year on the job observing and working with Dava Anderson, a master teacher who had been working with inner-city students her entire career. All the while, Pavel was taking coursework at Boston College to gain a theoretical understanding of teaching. Only during his second year was he allowed to teach students of his own, and then only under Dava's careful supervision. Based on this description, Pavel is part of

The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to

Only about 3% of teachers become board certified because

Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the

What is the evidence that U.S. students are actually doing quite well in their educational performance?

Which of these is NOT a reason for the furor surrounding the quality of U.S. education

Compared to resumes, portfolios

Horace Mann helped establish the first

________ was influential in creating the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.

One of the reasons that urban legends about teaching are damaging to teachers is that

Various groups of educators define the term ʺstandardsʺ in different ways. All of the following are accepted definitions, EXCEPT:

an instructional approach, standards-based education places which of the following at the center?

The Cedar Creek Business Owner's Association has asked you to make a presentation to the Education Standards Committee of the school district. Like most business leaders, the group will emphasize the need for high school graduates who

The State Representatives for the area have asked you to make a presentation to the Education Standards Committee of the Cedar Creek School District. Like most policymakers, they will emphasize the need for high school graduates who

The Parents Association at Cedar Creek High School has asked you to make a presentation to the Education Standards Committee of the school district. All of the following would be emphasized by most parents, EXCEPT:

Recognizing that standards-based education requires the involvement of various stakeholders, it would be appropriate for the Los Alamos School District to invite all of the following to be part of the development and transition to a new curriculum, EXCEPT:

World-class standards are

It is impossible for the results of any standardized test of achievement to accurately reflect student achievement unless which of the following type of standards are in place?

The Green Meadows School District is concerned about the low level of achievement by its students. Consultants in the district have developed opportunity-to-learn standards that match state tests. In order for the standards to be translated into improved student achievement, the most critical help the district can provide would be

All of the following conditions must accompany opportunity-to-learn standards in order to assist in improvements in student achievement, EXCEPT:

Some sets of standards include dispositions such as

The first set of national content standards was developed by the

No Child Left Behind requires all states to have standards for what a child should know and learn for all grades in

No Child Left Behind requires that by 2013 all schools must demonstrate that every student must

As standards- based education is implemented, teachers must transition from

of the following changes are required when linking assessment to standards, EXCEPT:

When assessments are interwoven into standards, the assessments become

The term assessment is derived from the Latin, assessio, which means to

Some theorists believe that all true assessment is ultimately

Formative assessment is used to

Summative evaluation is used to

The ACT and SAT tests are examples of what kind of assessment?

Student essays, projects, portfolios, journals, and observation checklists are

Mai-Lin notices that some of her students are not able to obtain the correct answers to the mathematical problems they are working on in a particular unit. In order to determine what specific difficulties are preventing them from solving the problems, Mai-Lin should design and administer a

Norm-referenced tests do all of the following, EXCEPT

Senator Foghorn is incensed that a group of students in the Deer Valley School District have performed below the fiftieth percentile on a test administered to all students. He demands that the schools be penalized for the results. However, the senator is misguided in his complaints because it is impossible for all students to achieve above the fiftieth percentile on tests that are

A good example of a capstone/summative assessment is

Gordana Jovanoski teaches electricity and electronics and Explorer High School. She requires her students to assemble and demonstrate a laser transit by surveying a construction site near the school. This task is best considered as an example of a

Students can best demonstrate the standards they can meet in real world settings through

Research shows that the types of questions students are asked

Analytic rubrics are useful because they do all of the following, EXCEPT

Ethical behavior on the part of teachers is particularly important because

One of the most common complaints heard from students is the refrain, "That's not fair!" When designing assessments, fairness refers to the care taken to:

An assessment is considered valid when it:

The success of the program at a particular school is best determined through

The heavy focus on testing by administering the same assessments to every student contradicts all of the following long standing beliefs about education in the United States, EXCEPT

Increased teacher burdens that result from implementing the new assessment approaches can best be reduced through

Critics of No Child Left Behind argue that proficiency tests used to hold teachers accountable fail to take into account certain factors. All of the following are cited by critics as one of the factors, EXCEPT:

Since students who perform poorly on state tests disproportionately come from low-income families, many researchers have concluded that the tests actually are measures of

There is a growing trend to include performance assessments, such as PACT and TWS, for teacher candidates. Both of these assessments require teachers to do all of the following assessment tasks involving their students, EXCEPT:

The curriculum specialists of the Blind River School District have organized the curriculum so that key content is taught at various grade levels with concepts and applications geared to the interests and abilities of the students in the grades in question. This curriculum design is known as

In the United States, a subject-centered curriculum

Schools in the United States have sometimes been criticized for the tendency to teach according to an analogy that compares the curriculum to a river that is a mile wide and an inch deep. This analogy most closely resembles a curriculum design that emphasizes

All of the following are usually considered co-curricular activities EXCEPT:

The Libertyville School District is facing a budget crunch because of the loss of several local industries. One of the school board members has suggested cutting the music program and athletics to free up money for the core areas. Another member vigorously opposes the move because it has been shown that

Felipe Vasquez is preparing for his first year as a science teacher. When he arrives at the school, he should expect to be provided with all of the following EXCEPT:

Groups who oppose the cutting of old-growth forests and who want to influence the curriculum have the greatest chance of success if they apply pressure on

One of the dangers of high-stakes testing is that students will not

Rachael Stern teaches fourth grade at Arlington Elementary School. She regularly examines the curriculum guides and syllabi for the grades above and below the fourth grade. This is a sound practice because she will be able to

Some states have programs based on documents called Curriculum Frameworks. These documents are organized around

Classroom teachers have the major responsibility for all of the following EXCEPT:

The School Improvement Committee of Shady Acres Middle School is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

The concept of linking the success or failure of students to achieve to the performance of the classroom teacher is opposed to the beliefs of:

Community priorities have the greatest effect on the value placed on which of the following in a school?

The teachers at Thunder Ridge High School strongly subscribe to the belief that all students can learn. As a result, they will support all of the following EXCEPT:

If each teacher were allowed to choose his or her own curriculum

The legal responsibility to establish standards is at the level of

One problem of statewide textbook selection procedures in large states is:

Organizing secondary schools into departments provides all of the following advantages EXCEPT:

The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is designed to

At the beginning of class, Krista Bielecki displayed the following on the SmartBoard, By the end of this class, students will measure objects and calculate their areas and volumes. This statement is an example of a(n)

"Students should specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems." This statement is an example of a(n)

Martin Greenway presented his students with the following objective, Students will participate in a jigsaw activity to investigate the reasons for the great depression. After giving a test that three-quarters of the students failed, Martin was heard to say, Well I did my job. No one can say that the objective wasn't met during class. Which of the following best describes the situation outlined?

Sanela Baric presented her students with the following objective, By the end of class, students will identify the verbs in various French sentences and convert them from the present tense to the past tense. After the lesson, Sanela gave a test and found that seventy-five percent of her students failed. She remarked to her colleague, No one can say that the objective wasn't met. I did my best in teaching the lesson. Which of the following statements best represents the situation?

All of the following are true of Bloom's Taxonomy EXCEPT:

Which of the following lists the levels of the revised version of Bloom's Taxonomy on the correct order from the simplest to the most complex?

The following question appeared on Ms. Longstreet's World History examination. ʺCompare and contrast the reasons for the outbreak of hostilities in World War I and World War II.ʺ This question is at which level of the revised version of Bloom's Taxonomy?

The effort to produce a taxonomy of educational objectives of the affective domain was spearheaded by

Direct instruction can take all of the following forms EXCEPT:

When Dr. Gregory House and his team work together to diagnose unusual symptoms in patients, they are engaging in the learning strategy that was first developed in medical schools and is know today as

Lakeisha Mutuma divided her class into cooperative groups of four. She gave each group a piece of thick cardboard and asked each team to design and build a rigid container that would hold the greatest number of hard-boiled eggs of standard size. The task that Lakeisha has designed is an example of

Research on cooperative learning strategies has shown that student improvement occurs in all of the following EXCEPT:

Jordan is beginning his first year as a certified teacher. He is a strong believer in differentiated instruction and is fully aware that students in his class will exhibit a range of responses from immediate mastery, through misconceptions, to complete confusion following his initial lesson. He knows that his best chance of reaching the students who have mastery is to

Jordan is beginning his first year as a certified teacher. He is a strong believer in differentiated instruction and is fully aware that students in his class will exhibit a range of responses from immediate mastery, through misconceptions, to complete confusion following his initial lesson. He knows that his best chance of reaching the confused students is to

Matthew Stephen is aware that his students will be able to learn better if they work together in small groups while utilizing technology. Research has proven that this positive difference will occur as long as all of the following factors are taken into account, EXCEPT:

Chumani Stonefish has obtained a position as a teacher of English Language Learners. She has been reading about strategies for these students and has discovered that all of the following have been found to be successful EXCEPT:

The first step contributing to the success of students with special needs is the

Mina Stolarski is beginning the year in a classroom with several mainstreamed students with special needs. The best way for her to encourage the students in her class to value and respect diversity is for her to

Approaches to school reform are most successful when all of the following have been considered EXCEPT:

A successful school improvement process

If you are to be a successful, high-quality teacher, then your number one concern must be to

The tendency for new teachers is to focus most on

In an attempt to prevent problems of focusing on the here and now as opposed to seeing the big picture in education, Sashkin and Egermeier developed a model for understanding educational change. According to this model, there are a number of "levers" that have been used in reform attempts. These levers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

According to Sashkin and Egermeier, attempts to effect educational change over the last thirty plus years have fallen into four categories. Present efforts are centered in which of the four phases?

Denise Petras is principal of Mesa Verde High School. She wants to improve student learning in her school. She knows that the place to start is to base her efforts on research. Denise is aware that studies during the 1970s proved that there were strong correlations between student test results and

Research that led to the formation of the Effective Schools model showed that the schools shared all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT:

A frequent result of attempts to improve the disaggregated test scores of students is:

As a result of the movement toward public ranking of schools based on test scores, which of the following scenarios is the most likely for two middle schools in the neighboring school districts?

The U.S. Census Bureau defines drop-outs from the school system as individuals who are not enrolled in and have not completed high school and are between the ages of

Madelyn Weinberg is a sixth grade teacher at Elm Street Middle School. She has just returned from a workshop to help her identify early signs that indicate a high risk of dropping-out. Research has shown that she should look for all of the following signs, EXCEPT:

One way that a school can help reduce future drop-outs from the educational system is to:

High-quality schools use data from student achievement to make instructional and budgetary decisions

The most effective School Improvement Plans are developed by

Elizabeth Patterson is a new teacher in an isolated community where there are no other teachers with the same grade level as hers. Although she is physically isolated from colleagues she knows that she will be able to seek advice and assistance for her personal questions as part of a "virtual professional learning community" through all of the following EXCEPT:

As Tracey MacFie begins her teaching career she recognizes that she will become part of a professional learning community. As part of this concept, she should

A professional learning community would exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Lyndsay Purcell is the principal of Concord Elementary School which has a large population of children from low income families. She realizes that she needs to establish closer relationships with the parents of her students to establish a high-quality school. All of the following have been shown to assist in improving parent-school relationships, EXCEPT:

Hall and Hord describe three facilitator styles for principals. They include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Megan Waterson is preparing her resume for the position f principal at Shallow Lake Elementary School. She includes the following statement in her letter of application. "I have a clear vision of the future of Shallow Lake Elementary and I care passionately about its place in the community. We must focus on the success of students - inside the classroom and in co-curricular activities. We must serve a leadership role in the community and must fully engage our parents and district leaders." This statement identifies Megan clearly as which of the following style of facilitator?

Taylor Hall is preparing his resume for the position of principal and Roseland Elementary School. He includes the following statement in his letter of application. "I have a healthy respect for the teachers at Roseland and feel that they have a solid understanding of their role in the school and its future. I know that there are numerous leaders among the staff who are more than willing and able to manage their classrooms and inspire their students to achieve their true potentials. My door will always be open to assist the staff members in their professional and personal pursuits." This statement identifies Taylor clearly as which of the following style of facilitator?

Chung Lee, the principal of Leaside High School, is interviewing candidates for teaching positions at his school. He asks the following question as part of an interview, "Please describe for me how you would organize a unit on the Civil War and its ramifications?" This type of question is a clear indication that Chung subscribes to which of the following facilitator styles?

Which of the following principals is most likely to succeed in leading the staff through a major change in a school that has been struggling?

To be considered a high-quality teacher, educators today must place more emphasis on

As a beginning teacher who will be affected by the increased focus on student achievement results, you should plan to collect data in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Willow Flaherty is a teacher at Sylvan Glen Middle School. She is an active member of an environmental group that it is part of her duty as a responsible citizen to reduce the effects of global warming. One of her students, Dave Bussiere, wants to research and write a paper on the topic, "Global Warming - A Cruel Hoax." Willow refuses to allow him to do so because she says that there are no reasonable or credible arguments to back up his premise. Which of the following statements best outlines the stand taken by the NEA Code of Ethics with respect to Willow's actions?

teacher candidate should possess pedagogical knowledge in all of the following areas, ECXEPT:

Teachers with pedagogical content knowledge

Juan Sanfilippo is a teacher at Los Alamos High School. The school district has announced that major changes will occur as the school is converted to school-within-a-school structure. Juan is anxious about the new structure and has requested a detailed outline of what it will look like, how he is expected to function within it, and whether he will be able to adapt. Juan is expressing what type of concern about change?

Dranadia Roc is a teacher at Bois Blanc Junior High School. The school district has announced that major changes will occur as the school is to be converted into a middle school with the philosophical differences that are required. Dranadia is concerned about whether the change will benefit her students, whether they will succeed in learning, and what she can do along with her colleagues to maximize the benefits of such a change. Dranadia is expressing what type of concern about change?

Research has shown that concerns about the change process tend to occur in the following order as the change process occurs.

Teachers participating in new teacher orientation sessions can expect to learn about all of the following, EXCEPT:

As a new teacher about to begin his career in a school district over a thousand miles from home, Alex Harrison knows that he can expect the district to provide all of the following assistance in his new school, EXCEPT:

Teachers in today's schools can rely on the assistance of support personnel in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Teachers' organizations and unions can be effective at the state level in

The largest teacher union in existence in the United States today is the

Many states require teacher education programs to be accredited through the national organization known as

The American Federation of Teachers is

During election campaigns, the AFT and NEA tend to

Phi Delta Kappa International is an organization that primarily serves

State licensure for teachers best represents

In comparison to typical students, students who are exceptional A. have both similarities and differences B. are similar in almost every way. C. are different in almost every way D. have the same instructional needs, but differ in ability level

The most important characteristic of exceptional learners is A. their physical limitations B. their disabilities C. their abilities D. their health concerns

Which one of the following descriptions distinguishes best between a disability and a handicap? A. Disabilities are functional impairments, while handicaps are disadvantages imposed on an individual B. Disabilities are more severe than handicaps. C. Handicaps are caused by disabilities D. There is no real difference between the two; the terms are interchangeable.

Blaire uses a wheel chair for mobility. She is a member of her high schoolʹs varsity cheerleading squad. For purposes of cheer leading, Blaire would be considered to have A. a disability. B. a handicap. C. a disability and a handicap D. neither a disability nor a handicap

Annette is a high school student who reads at the level of a typical third grader. She wants to get her driverʹs license, but is unable to read the driverʹs manual or the questions on the driving test. For purposes of driver training, Annette would be considered to have A. a disability B. a handicap C. a disability and a handicap D. neither a disability nor a handicap

A six-month-old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having a(n) A. disability B. age-appropriate disability C. age-appropriate inability D. instructional inability

Although no two students are alike, to be considered ʺexceptionalʺ for purposes of their school program, students must A. have a disability related to their academic progress B. be handicapped C. require special educational services to achieve their potential D. have a history of school failure

When special education works as it should, the outcome for students is A. the ability to hide their disabilities B. the eradication of their disabilities C. instruction in a special class D. improved achievement and behavior

Which one of the following students most resembles the ʺtypicalʺ student who receives special education services? A. Joe is a high school student with a physical disability. B. Lisa is an elementary school student with mental retardation C. Edna is a middle school student with a learning disability D. Sam is an elementary school student with a learning disability

By federal law, an exceptional student is eligible for special education when A. a teacher recommends it B. careful assessment indicates he or she is unable to make satisfactory progress in the regular school program C. a parent requests it D. a teacher has recorded observations of behavior and assessment of academic performance for at least two months

Prevalence refers to A. the number of individuals having a particular exceptionality. B. the probability of having a child with a particular exceptionality C. the percentage of a population having a particular exceptionality D. the distribution of exceptionalities across different segments of the population.

Each of the following may in part explain changes in prevalence of disabilities EXCEPT A. improved diet among impoverished children B. changes in definitions C. changes in diagnostic criteria D. social acceptability of some labels

Dramatic increases in prevalence figures since 1995 have been recorded for children identified as having A. learning disabilities B. mental retardation C. physical disabilities D. autism or traumatic brain injury

Which one of the following provides the best definition of special education? A. Special education uses special equipment and materials B. Special education meets individual needs of exceptional students. C. Special education is delivered by a certified special education teacher D. Special education provides greater structure and smaller classes

Educational services and placement for exceptional students depends on A. student characteristics and community resources B. teacher attitudes and student preferences C. both student and parental preferences D. the category of exceptionality and parental preferences

Mr. Pondʹs teaching job requires him to move from school to school, visiting classrooms to A. He is a resource teacher B. He is a speech and language consultant C. He is an itinerant teacher D. He is a diagnostic-prescriptive teacher

Leslie is enrolled in a regular classroom, but works with a special education teacher in a special education classroom for an hour a day. What type of special education services does Leslie receive? A. She receives itinerant services. B. She receives resource services C. She receives consultation services D. She receives diagnostic-prescriptive services

Of the following, the special education intervention that represents the highest level of specialization is A. instruction by an itinerant teacher B. instruction in a diagnostic-prescriptive center. C. consultation by a special educator. D. instruction in a self-contained special education classroom

Estella has a learning disability. Her primary placement is most likely a A. self-contained special education class B. regular classroom C. resource room D. special day school

All teachers must be prepared to work with exceptional students for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. Most exceptional students are in the regular classroom for part of the day B. Most teachers have the supports needed to work in the regular classroom with students of all exceptionalities C. Many students who are not identified as being in need of services share characteristics of those who are. D. Radical reforms of special education threaten special education as a separate, identifiable part of education.

Communication requires A. language B. encoding and decoding. C. speech D. listening and speaking

Language disorders are generally classified according to two dimensions: A. domain and etiology. B. primary and secondary causes. C. phonology and cause. D. specific impairment and expressive delay

The most common fluency disorder is A. stuttering. B. acquired aphasia C. echolalia D. dysarthria

The communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning is A. speech B. language C. communication D. phonology

Encoding, or sending messages, is referred to as A. expressive language B. receptive language C. discourse D. communication

"Phonology" refers to linguistic rules governing A. construction of sentences B. sound combinations C. patterns of language use D. construction of word forms

Most speech disorders are addressed primarily by a speech-language pathologist, not a classroom teacher True False

A language disorder that involves problems with functional and socially appropriate communication is A. communication B. semantics C. speech D. pragmatics

The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as A. morphology B. pragmatics C. syntax D. semantics.

It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders primarily because A. there is so much overlap with other categories of disability B. schools do not maintain accurate records in this area C. many parents are reluctant to allow their children to receive speech and language services D. definitions of communication disorders vary so much from state to state

Janice has a speech disorder which causes her to speak extremely slowly. This is a disorder of A. articulation B. language. C. voice. D. fluency

Which statement is true concerning the comparison between the language of a normally developing child and one with a language disorder? A. the sequence of a development is similar, but milestones are reached at later years by the child with a disorder B. the sequence of a development is different, but milestones are reached at around the same ages C. the sequence of development is different, and milestones are reached later by the child with a disorder D. there is no developmental difference; they just sound different

Specific language impairment refers to A. language disorders resulting from learning disabilities B. language disorders with no identifiable cause C. language disorders occurring concomitantly with other disorders D. language disorders resulting from mental retardation

Which one of the following is an example of an alternative question-asking strategy? A. focusing on student-initiated questions B. reducing the complexity of a question C. increasing interaction between student and teacher so both members ask and answer D. creating several questions with synonymous meaning

Articulation disorders A. are easily distinguished B. refer to the same problem C. are caused by biological factors D. involve errors in word production

The dimensions of voice are A. resonance, pitch, and loudness B. resonance, loudness, and quality C. pitch, loudness, and quality D. resonance, pitch, and quality

The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate development of which aspect of language? A. phonology B. semantics C. pragmatics D. morphology

Children with language disorders frequently experience problems with written language as well. True False

he ability to transfer written words into speech is A. phonology B. decoding C. encoding D. reading

Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing, and then reteaching as necessary are A. dynamic assessments B. curriculum-based language and communication assessment C. curriculum-based management D. response to intervention

Many people who are deaf believe that deafness should not be considered a disability True False

Which academic area is most affected by deafness? A. spelling B. writing C. reading D. math

Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information (such as facial expressions) to understand what is being said to them is A. speech reading B. lip reading C. face reading D. gestural reading

It is not unusual for students with deafness to read at what grade level when they graduate from high school? A. first B. fourth C. eighth D. twelfth

The focus of early intervention for children with hearing impairments is on A. social skills. B. language development C. play D. concept acquisition

According to its advocates of American Sign Language(ASL), a major advantage of ASL over signing English systems is that A. interpreters can easily sign in ASL while speaking in English. B. most public schools are already using ASL in special education programs. C. ASL provides a stronger knowledge base for developing literacy in English. D. users of ASL score higher on tests of intelligence than users of Signing English systems

Which one of the following best describes American Sign Language (ASL)? A. loosely structured group of gestures B. system for communicating concrete ideas C. language with its own grammatical rules D. manual translation of English sentences

A particularly controversial point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that A. children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing B. parents should not permit children who are deaf to learn English. C. all students who are deaf should attend residential schools until the age of 16. D. all citizens should be required to learn American Sign Language

The most important organ for hearing is the A. cerumen. B. tympanic membrane. C. vestibular mechanism. D. cochlea

From the physiological perspective, the distinction between ʺdeafʺ and ʺhard of hearingʺ is based on A. decibels levels detected. B. frequency of sounds detected C. location of hearing loss. D. language ability.

The earlier a child experiences a hearing loss, the more difficulty he/she will have in developing spoken language. True False

Sensorineural impairments are caused by problems in the A. oval window. B. middle ear C. inner ear D. conductive pathway

Elise has a hearing loss that occurred during childhood. Her loss is best described as A. congenital. B. sensorineural C. adventitious D. conductive

People who say that deafness should not be considered a disability argue that A. there is a difference between prelingual and postlingual deafness B. they should be considered a cultural minority with a language of their own. C. there are advantages to being deaf, so it is not a disability D. although deafness is a handicap, it is not a disability.

The ʺspeech reception thresholdʺ is best defined as the A. dB level at which one can understand speech. B. intensity and frequency of spoken English C. Hz level at which the average person can detect sound D. level at which the human ear can discriminate between similar sounds.

The total communication approach utilizes A. Braille and manual communication. B. sign language and a typewriter C. a telephone and a computer. D. oral and manual communication

In recent years, many parents and professionals have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because A. it creates too much work for the regular teacher B. they do not get along with the other students. C. it reduces their opportunity to participate in the signing community. D. they do not have the cognitive or academic skills to succeed in the mainstream

When assessing the intellectual abilities of students with deafness, it is best to use which type of test? A. performance B. verbal C. norm-referenced D. criterion-referenced

The ossicles function to create A. increased sense of balance. B. electrical impulse being sent to the brain C. transfer of energy from the middle to the inner ear. D. movement of the stapes

Children who are deaf reach language development milestones in sign later than hearing children do in spoken language. True False

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of A. color perception and visual acuity. B. field of vision and depth perception C. visual acuity and field of vision. D. depth perception and color perception

When guiding a person who is blind, you should A. take his or her arm and push him/her ahead of you B. let the person take your arm and walk slightly behind you C. walk at a slower pace than normal. D. allow the person to go through a door ahead of you

Blindness occurs most often in A. adulthood. B. adolescence. C. early childhood D. preadolescence.

People who are blind have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles True False

Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of A. inherent personality problems. B. societyʹs reaction to people who are blind C. stereotypic behaviors. D. blindisms which cannot be controlled

The condition that results when the cornea or lens of the eye is irregular resulting in blurred vision is known as A. myopia B. hyperopia C. astigmatism D. glaucoma

A long cane is generally preferred over a guide dog as a mobility aid for a child with blindness. True False

Itinerant teachers are more likely to be used in the area of visual impairment than in other areas of disability primarily because A. most classroom modifications are a matter of common sense B. blindness is a low prevalence condition C. there are not enough teachers trained in Braille to accommodate the number of students who need training in Braille D. regular classroom teachers can be easily trained to deal with the special needs of students with visual impairment

The structure in the eye which refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the A. lens. B. pupil. C. vitreous humor D. retina.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is caused by A. premature birth. B. excessive oxygen given to infants at birth C. fetal alcohol syndrome. D. degenerative hereditary disease

According to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), braille services and instruction must be made available unless all members of an individualized education program (IEP) agree that braille should not be used. True False

In general, people who are blind A. have superior musical ability. B. have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles. C. make better use of acuity in their other senses. D. automatically develop superior powers of concentration.

When walking, Lisa, an eighteen-year-old with blindness, has learned to attend to the subtle changes in pitch of echoes from objects as she moves towards them. Which phenomenon is responsible for these changes? A. obstacle sense B. Doppler effect C. echolalia D. tactual perception

Which educational consideration requiring special modifications for students with little or no sight refers to a skill needed more for everyday living than for academics? A. Braille B. use of remaining sight C. listening skills D. mobility training

Adults who are blind are employed at about half the rate of those who are sighted True False

The retina is A. the contractile opening in the middle of the iris. B. the colored portion of the eye that contracts or expands depending on the amount of light striking it C. the back portion of the eye containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve D. a transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil.

A skill used by people who are blind to aid them in acquiring mobility is A. sequential mapping B. spatial ability. C. Doppler effect. D. tactual perception.

The majority of people who are legally blind have some useful vision. True False

David has myopia. Another term for this condition is A. nearsightedness B. farsightedness C. blurred vision D. color blindness

Repetitive movements such as rocking, rubbing the eyes, and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as A. blindisms. B. redundant behavior C. stereotypic behavior D. perseverations

Brain damage caused by internal compression, stretching, or other shearing motion of neural tissues within the head is due to A. open head injuries B. external force C. closed head injuries D. degenerative conditions

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in social closeness, or manage social etiquette is A. facilitated communication B. augmentative or alternative communication C. manual communication D. applied functional communication.

The effects of TBI are always severe and permanent. True False

After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is A. assaults B. accidental falls C. vehicular accidents D. gunshot wounds

An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa, resulting in night blindness and tunnel vision is A. Usher syndrome. B. Asperger syndrome. C. CHARGE syndrome D. Down syndrome.

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called A. positive behavioral support. B. functional behavioral assessment C. functional behavioral analysis. D. positive behavior management

The greatest complicating factor in most students' return to school following TBI is A. social skills B. physical appearance C. physical strength D. language or speech disorders

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two priniciples that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are A. incidental learning and structured routines B. direct instruction and structured routines C. direct instruction and variable routines D. indirect instruction and structured routines

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are A. hand-under-hand guidance B. touch cues C. adapted signs D. tactual signs

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is A. assistance cards B. pictorial cards C. the long cane D. tape-recorded messages

A type of augmentative or alternative communication that requires someone else to physically assist the intended communicator that appears to have been discredited by research is A. falsified communication B. prompted communication C. assisted communication D. facilitated communication

With intensive instruction, many persons with severe and multiple disabilities are able to live independently or semi-independently True False

Repeated physical self-abuse, such as biting, scratching, or poking oneself, head banging, and so in is called A. self-torture B. self-injurious behavior C. self-abuse D. self-stimulation

Madeline's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Madeline threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming. Madeline's mom put the bear away herself, telling Madeline, "O.K., O.K., calm down." Madeline quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing. Which statement is true? A. The mother's behavior makes future tantrums less likely B. the mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior C. the mother imposted an unreasonable demand on her child D. people with multiple severe disabilities should not be expected to do chores

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called A. positive behavioral support B. functional behavioral assessment C. functional behavioral analysis D. positive behavior management

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is A. self-help skills B. accessing information C. navigating the environment D. communication.

The term deaf-blindness includes those with a combination of low vision and mild hearing impairments True False

The process of identifying alternative, acceptable ways to communicate through teaching more appropriate behaviors and/or changing the environment to reduce the likelihood of prompting the undesirable behavior is A. positive behavioral support B. functional behavioral assessment C. functional behavioral analysis D. positive behavior management

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioral support? A. Typically, one factor alone is responsible for the presence of specific behavior B. each behavior carries a communicative intent C. some behaviors have no communicative intent D. positive behavioral support is not like to behavior modification

Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation is A. self-mutilation B. self-injury C. self-stimulation D. tantrums.

Muscles that are floppy or lack tone are known as A. atonic. B. spastic C. choreothetoid D. reflexive

Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as A. primary characteristics B. congenital anomalies C. secondary problems D. acquired disabilities

In most students with orthopedic or musculoskeletal disorders, intelligence is unaffected. True False

A condition that is incurable is A. progressive B. episodic C. chronic D. acute

Impairments that are the result of injury to the brain that also affect the ability to move parts of one's body are A. neurological impairments B. traumatic brain injuries C. orthopedic impairments D. neuromotor impairments

Cerebral palsy is classified by A. the limbs involved and type of motor disability B. time period during which brain damage occurred C. severity of the symptoms D. the effect on intellectual functioning

The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is A. almost always in the range of mental retardation B. clearly higher than the average for the general population C. nearly the same as for the general population D. difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception, movement, or response speed

The quality of life of children with epilepsy is A. significantly lower than that of children with other disabilities B. related to unique risk factors, different from those that affect other children with disabilities C. related to the same risk factors that affect quality of life for others with disabilities D. significantly better than that of children with other disabilities

The extent of the paralysis in spina bifida depends on A. the stage of development during which it occurs B. the success or failure of the surgery to close the opening C. the success or failure of the surgery to repair the nerve damage D. the location of the spinal cord defect

Fetal alcohol syndrome, caused by the motherʹs use of alcohol during pregnancy, is one of the most common syndromes involving A. muscular dystrophy and learning disabilities B. congenital malformations and intellectual disability C. cerebral palsy and intellectual disability D. AIDS and intellectual disability

When a childʹs nervous system is damaged, no matter what the cause, which of the following is almost always one of the symptoms? A. muscular weakness or paralysis B. cognitive deficits C. spastic movements D. atonic movements

Tim has a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers. His condition is A. muscular dystrophy B. spina bifida C. cerebral palsy D. multiple sclerosis

A teacher who fails to report child abuse or neglect may be held legally liable. True False

Rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially debilitating disease that A. causes rapid deterioration of muscle tissue B. is characterized by pain in and around the joints and muscles C. is associated with neurological degeneration D. occurs only in the elderly

A lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing is A. allergies B. bronchitis C. asthma D. inhalation

Which of the following statements about AIDs is true? A. it only makes one susceptible to fatal infections B. children with AIDs seldom acquire neurological problems as a result of the condition C. children in minority populations are at less of a risk for contracting HIV infections that cause AIDs D. with reasonable procedures, there is no serious chance for transmission of AIDs in the classroom

Which statement about phenylketonuria (PKU) is true? A. it only causes intellectual disabilities B. it is the only know genetically determined metabolic disorder C. it requires a life-long special diet for treatment D. it goes away in late childhood

Jim has an artificial leg. This is an example of A. orthosis B. prosthesis C. adaptive device D. assistive device

For children with most physical disabilities and other health impairments, a common cause of academic difficulties is A. discrimination and prejudice. B. erratic school attendance C. poor study skills D. inadequate motivation

In general, academic achievement of children with physical disabilities is below that of their nondisabled peers True False

Prereferral teams serve all of the following purposes EXCEPT A. developing IEPs for all students who need them. B. reducing the number of referrals to special education. C. establishing ―ownership‖ of students with disabilities by general educators. D. recommending strategies for working with children who exhibit academic and behavioral problems.

Response to intervention (RTI) A. has implications only for those with learning disabilities. B. is restricted to academic learning. C. can be applied to social behavior and academic learning. D. is the same as a prereferral team except that it is limited to students with learning disabilities.

Frequent measures that provide information on whether a student is learning as expected are A. outcome measures. B. standardized assessments. C. progress monitoring assessments. D. measures of student achievement.

Each of the following components must be included on an individualized education program (IEP) EXCEPT A. annual goals. B. related services to be provided. C. student's IQ score. D. instructional objectives.

Each of the following people is typically on an IEP team EXCEPT A. a parent or guardian. B. a provider of special education. C. the child's general education teacher. D. a special education lawyer.

The special education intervention that requires the least specialized environment is A. consultation by a special educator. B. instruction by an itinerant teacher. C. instruction in a resource room. D. instruction by a regular classroom teacher.

Leslie is enrolled in a regular classroom, but works with a special education teacher in a special education classroom for an hour a day. What type of special education services does Leslie receive? A. She receives itinerant services. B. She receives resource services. C. She receives consultation services. D. She receives diagnostic-prescriptive services.

Homebound instruction is most often utilized for students who have A. a visual impairment. B. physical disabilities. C. mental retardation. D. a hearing impairment.

Estella has a learning disability. Her primary placement is most likely a A. self-contained special education class. B. regular classroom. C. resource room. D. special day school.

Nationwide, what percentage of students with disabilities is educated primarily in regular classrooms? A. less than 5 B. nearly 15 C. about 35 D. more than 50

Bill is a student with low vision. His teacher provides him with a set of large-type notes at the beginning of each lecture. This is an example of A. accommodation. B. adaptation. C. tiered assignment. D. partial participation.

When teachers provide choices of activities on a single topic that vary in difficulty, they are using A. watered-down curriculum. B. accommodations. C. partial participation. D. tiered assignments.

A student who performs or behaves poorly in school and appears likely to fail or fall short of his or her potential is A. at risk. B. disabled. C. handicapped D. challenged

All teachers should expect to participate in educating students with disabilities. Which one of the following responsibilities is a regular classroom teacher LEAST likely to have? A. evaluating academic abilities B. managing serious behavior problems C. participating in writing individualized educational programs D. collaborating with other professionals

Which of the following is an expectation for general education teachers? A. knowledge of special education law B. instruction of students with serious learning problems C. management of serious behavior problems D. participating in writing individualized education programs

Ms. Smith, a second grade teacher, has concerns about Bruce's progress in math. Before she makes a referral for special education, she should A. discuss her concerns with Bruce. B. administer an intelligence test. C. discuss her concerns with Bruce's parents. D. consult with specialists at a diagnostic-prescriptive center.

Before making a referral for special education, a general education classroom teacher should do all of the following EXCEPT A. modify or adapt the student's instructional program. B. communicate concerns to parents. C. examine student's school record. D. administer diagnostic tests.

What makes special education "special" is A. instruction that it alone uses. B. the more qualified teachers involved in it. C. instruction that is altered to meet the needs of exceptional learners. D. the quantity of services provided.

Research evidence suggests that response to intervention is more effective than prereferral teams at reducing the number of students referred for special education. True False

The individualized education program (IEP) is not required to be a written statement; however, the parents must agree to the teacher's plans before the student is enrolled. True False

Which one of the following best describes the purpose of multicultural education? A. It provides equal educational opportunities to all students B. It provides bilingual education for non-English speakers. C. It involves parents in their child's education. D. It teaches children of ethnic minorities about their ancestors.

Critics of multicultural education claim that it A. erodes the moral foundation of society. B. presses children into a humanistic, secular mold C. undermines the central purpose of school, which is to ensure academic competence D. all of the above

Which two issues particularly complicate teaching about cultures and engendering an acceptance of cultural diversity? A. deciding which cultures best illustrate the concepts of universality of cultural pride and shame B. the money and time we have for curriculum changes C. deciding which cultures should be included and how to teach about them D. deciding which cultures should be represented and the predominate religious beliefs within a school system

Assuming that one's cultural identity is sufficient to explain academic achievement or economic success is a form of A. stereotyping. B. cultural relativism C. racism. D. ethnicity.

The two primary objectives of multicultural special education are A. promoting understanding of exceptionality as a microculture and ensuring that exceptionality is included in the multicultural curriculum. B. ensuring that ethnicity is not mistaken for exceptionality and increasing understanding of disability as a microculture. C. enabling students from culturally diverse backgrounds to succeed in the mainstream and lobbying for services in multicultural educational programs D. increasing visibility of people with disabilities in the macroculture and promoting acceptance of people with disabilities by the majority culture

An example of a disability with a highly organized subculture is A. deafness. B. blindness. C. mental retardation. D. autism.

Which one of the following best describes assessment of the instructional environment? A. examination to determine the adequacy of classroom space and layout B. testing using actual instructional materials C. investigation of what is being taught and how it is being taught D. assessment of academic achievement

When identifying students in need of special education, professionals must make sure the student is not mistakenly identified as the source of the learning problem. A recommended strategy for this purpose is to A. include assessment of the instructional environment. B. increase reliance on objectively scored, standardized tests. C. eliminate use of standardized tests. D. avoid use of curriculum-based assessment

There is a dilemma in choosing either to ignore or recognize differences because A. all cultural differences have both advantages and disadvantages, making it difficult to predict how those differences will affect the individual B. either choice can perpetuate inequality for members of a subculture C. in order to fit in at school, students must forfeit the values and beliefs that they learned at home D. in striving to assert their identity, members of subcultures serve only to perpetuate stereotypes and inequality

Afrocentric instruction is best described as instruction that A. develops convergent rather than divergent thinking B. involves African-American students and their families in the study of their roots. C. highlights African culture and modes of teaching and learning. D. promotes interaction and cooperation among African-American students

The rationale underlying African-American immersion schools is that A. with increased achievement, African-American students will achieve true integration B. most African-American students need more structure and discipline. C. most teachers are biased against African-American students D. parents will become more involved in their children's education

Tolerance is best described as A. an appreciation and valuing of difference B. acknowledging our legacy of racism and prejudice C. enduring others even if they are seen as undesirable. D. putting up with a necessary evil.

A technique in which the teacher assists the student in learning a task and then phases out help as the student learns to use the strategy independently is called A. hand-over-hand instruction B. scaffolded instruction C. mnemonic instruction. D. supported instruction

Tactics that aid memory, such as rhymes or images, are called A. visual organizers B. reminders C. scaffolds D. mnemonics

A viable multicultural curriculum cannot be created and handed out to teachers because A. they must be involved in the process because their values, perspectives, and teaching styles affect what is taught and how it is taught. B. the government has passed legislation banning the teaching of multicultural issues within an integrated curriculum C. there is not enough money to create such a curriculum nationwide. D. most want to exercise their right to select their own curriculum based on their own beliefs and are resistant to being told what to teach.

A recommended technique of breaking down prejudice and encouraging positive interactions among students with different characteristics is A. direct instruction B. immersion C. Afrocentrism D. cooperative learning

The primary purpose of multicultural education is to teach children of ethnic minorities about their history and the intellectual, social, and artistic contributions of their ancestors True False

An individual can be a member of many subcultures. True False

Most professionals agree that multicultural education should consider only subcultures identified by ethnicity, not those identified by gender, sexual preference or disability True False

Some ethnic minorities are under-represented in special education True False

When dealing with the public, one of the most difficult things that parents are likely to face is A. the inappropriate responses of their children to others. B. the poor report cards they may get from school. C. the problems that other children in the family will experience because they have a sibling D. inappropriate responses of others to their children with disabilities

Most family intervention programs today are based on professional-centered models. True False

In the not too distant past, many professionals believed that parents were A. unwilling to spend time working with their child. B. to blame for their child's problems. C. unable to cope with a child with a disability D. unable to work effectively with their child.

Unlike the past, many professionals now view early intervention as an opportunity to A. teach parents how to teach their child B. train parents to be effective therapists C. provide counseling for parents. D. support the natural parent-child relationship.

The prevalence of feelings of guilt is probably due to A. stranger's stares and comments B. the fact that the cause of so many disabilities is unknown C. parents' knowledge that they caused their child's disability D. the lack of support for families of disabled children

In dealing with the feelings of a child with a disability, parents should A. assure the child that he or she is no different from others and their disability doesn't matter. B. respond honestly to specific questions asked by the child. C. wait until the child is an adolescent so he or she will be better able to understand. D. speak about their disability in general, rather than specific ways.

Parents are often the first to notice that something is wrong with their child True False

The degree to which families are able to change their modes of interaction when they encounter unusual or stressful situations refers to A. acceptance B. cohesion C. adaptability D. compassion

It may be particularly difficult for a child to develop positive attitudes toward a sibling with a disability if A. they live in a single-parent household. B. there is an age gap of five or more years C. they are of different sexes. D. they are close in age

Families of a child with a disability tend to experience most stress during A. infancy to age five. B. adolescence C. transitions D. adulthood

The family systems approach emphasizes A. the effects of the environment on the family B. interrelationships among the family and other social systems C. need for ongoing and systematic family intervention. D. quality of interactions between parents and professionals

The degree to which an individual family member is free to act independently of other family members is A. adaptability. B. acceptance C. compassion D. cohesion.

Young siblings of a child with a disability are likely to A. have the opposite reaction as their parents B. deny that the child with a disability is different. C. seek out information from others about the disability. D. have a more difficult time coping with their feelings than their parents.

One person having the authority, granted by the courts, to make decisions for another person is A. paternalism B. guardianship. C. wardenship D. proxy.

It is suggested that social support be integrated with positive behavioral support specifically in the case of children with A. physical disabilities B. learning disabilities C. emotional of behavioral disorders. D. Down syndrome

In families of a child with a disability, parental stress is usually the result of A. daily burdens related to child care B. the childʹs medical involvement. C. demands placed on the family by the school system D. catastrophic events

Which approach considers how the impact of a child with a disability on the family changes over time? A. family-centered perspective B. life cycle perspective C. community systems perspective D. social support systems model

Which one of the following is regarded by some parents as a positive effect of having a child with a disability? A. entitles the family to financial benefits B. causes family members to be more tolerant of others C. reduces parentsʹ concerns about social issues D. puts an end to unstable marital relationships

Families with a high level of cohesion may limit their child's independence True False

Carol and Ed Johnson have three children: Tony, age 15; Mark, age 12; and Sarah, age 10. Tony, who is about to enter high school, has Down syndrome. He currently attends a regular middle school where he is in a self-contained special education program for most of the day. Tony's speech is difficult to understand so he uses a combination of speech and manual signs to communicate. He has a variety of physical problems, including a congenital heart defect and visual impairment. Academically, his skills are at the kindergarten to first grade level. Tony and Mark attend the same middle school and Mark sometimes rides the special education bus with Tony. Both Carol and Ed work full-time. Although she could earn more money working in a hospital or in a physicians office, Carol works as a school nurse so she can be home after school with Tony; the community does not have after-school programs for middle school students. For Ed and Carol, parental stress is most likely the result of A. Tony's medical needs B. daily burdens related to Tony's care C. Mark and Sarah's resentment of Tony D. demands placed by the school with respect to Tony's program

Determining the consequences, antecedents, and setting events that maintain inappropriate behavior is called A. functional analysis B. applied behavior analysis C. transfer of stimulus control D. functional behavioral assessment.

Which one of the following components is part of the most recent American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition of intellectual disabilities? A. significant limitations in intellectual functioning B. discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement C. deficits in vocational skills D. manifest before age 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an A. environmental hazard B. infection C. genetic factor D. chromosomal abnormality

In recent years, the percentage of cases in which the cause of intellectual disabilities is known has dramatically increased due to A. better assessment practices by teachers. B. the mapping of the human genetic code C. better assessment practices by medical doctors. D. advances in microscopic technology

Many authorities say that adaptive behavior consists of A. social intelligence and practical intelligence B. social skills and practical skills. C. IQ and behavior D. academic intelligence and practical intelligence.

Causes of intellectual disabilities that occur before the birth of the child are categorized as A. perinatal. B. postnatal. C. prenatal. D. premature

The likelihood of having a child with Down syndrome increases significantly with A. the age of the mother B. alcohol consumption during pregnancy C. a family history of intellectual disabilities. D. certain blood types.

All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital: A. Fragile X syndrome B. phenylketonuria C. Down syndrome. D. hydrocephalus.

The classification system that most school systems use to describe levels of intellectual disabilities is based on A. an estimate of educability. B. IQ score C. the intensity of support needed D. adaptive level

A surgically placed shunt that drains excess fluid away from the brain is used to treat A. microcephalus B. encephalitis C. meningitis D. hydrocephalus

A personʹs awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is A. self-regulation. B. metacognition C. working memory. D. perception

Intellectual disabilities that occur at the time of birth are A. prenatal ID. B. perinatal ID C. postnatal ID D. antenatal ID

In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of A. community living B. vocational settings. C. daily living skills D. simplified curricula.

An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is A. syphilis B. encephalitis C. meningitis. D. traumatic brain injury (TBI

Most authorities now hold that the critical determinants of intelligence are both A. nature and genetics. B. nurture and experience. C. nature and experience D. genetics and intelligence.

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is A. working memory B. short-term memory. C. long-term memory. D. active memory.

Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is A. self-deception B. gullibility. C. unreasonable trust. D. learned helplessness

The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is A. Fragile X syndrome B. Down syndrome C. Williams syndrome D. Prader-Willi syndrome

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a A. genetic syndrome B. personality characteristic C. behavioral phenotype D. behavioral genotype

Testing that usually involves giving students a small sample of items from the curriculum in use is A. curriculum-designed measurement. B. real-sample measurement. C. curriculum-based measurement D. select-item measurement.

One of the major advantages of the response to intervention method of identifying learning disabilities is that A. it is easy to implement. B. it is not subject to the same ʺwait-to failʺ criticism C. it ensures that a studentʹs low achievement is not simply due to ineffective instruction D. A great deal of research has been done to show how best to implement RTI.

Dyslexia refers to a severe impairment in the ability to A. read. B. use expressive language C. compute D. write.

The most commonly used definition of learning disabilities is that endorsed by A. AAIDD B. NJCLD C. LDA D. the federal government

Over the years, evidence has accumulated showing that learning disabilities A. manifest themselves prior to age three B. dramatically improve in the adult years C. can be inherited. D. occur more often in first-born children

Agents that can cause malformations or defects in a developing fetus are called A. toxinogens. B. mutations. C. teratogens. D. poisons.

Definitions used to make eligibility and classification decisions related to learning disabilities traditionally include which one of the following factors? A. IQ-achievement discrepancy B. learning problems due to visual, hearing, or motor handicaps, or environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage C. neurological evidence of brain injury D. deficits in adaptive behavior

Boys outnumber girls by about two to one in the learning disability category. True False

Which of the following statements about teachers of students with learning disabilities is true? A. They have knowledge and skills about learning that apply only at remedial levels. B. Their knowledge and skills typically apply to one content area at the secondary level. C. Their knowledge and skills about learning are typically not relevant to secondary-level classes. D. They have knowledge and skills about learning that can be used across content areas.

A tendency to reverse letters when writing may be due to problems in A. auditory perception. B. general coordination C. visual perception D. perceptual-motor skills

By definition, every student with learning disabilities has A. academic problems. B. brain damage C. hyperactivity D. deficits in all academic areas

In the response to intervention (RTI) model with tiers of intervention, curriculum-based measurement is part of A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. quaternary prevention

Which one of the following problems best illustrates difficulty in metacognition? A. Oscar neglects to slow down when reading a difficult passage B. Rita can't tell the difference between the spoken words "think" and "thing." C. Joelle reverses b and d D. Simon is always active and out of his seat.

A method in which assistance is provided to students when they are first learning tasks, then gradually reduced until the students do the tasks independently is A. scaffolded instruction B. self-monitoring. C. prompted instruction D. self-regulated strategy development

Brianna is a junior in high school who has a learning disability and an external locus of control. When she succeeds on a homework assignment in math, she is most likely to attribute her success to A. intelligence B. math ability C. help from others D. effort

Making students aware of the stages of problem-solving tasks while they are performing them and bringing behavior under verbal control is A. reciprocal teaching B. self-instruction C. self-monitoring D. scaffolded instruction

The ability to understand the rules of how sounds combine to make up words is A. phonological awareness B. phonemic awareness C. decoding. D. reading fluency

A method involving breaking down academic problems into their component parts that can be taught separately and then combined is called A. task analysis. B. cognitive training C. scaffolded instruction D. direct instruction.

The resource room is the most popular placement for students with learning disabilities True False

Which poses the most difficulty for most children with learning disabilities? A. reading B. spelling C. handwriting D. math

IQ and achievement are the best predictors of adult success for people with learning disabilities True False

Mike has exhibited the following symptoms for more than a year at home and in school: difficulty organizing tasks, avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort, easily distracted by external stimuli, forgetful of daily activities, often makes careless mistakes, and does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. The type of ADHD Mike has is probably A. predominantly hyperactive-inattentive type B. predominantly inattentive type. C. predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. D. combined type.

The tendency to repeat the same behaviors over and over again is called A. redundancy. B. perseverance C. repetition. D. perseveration

Which of the following is a method to assess a personʹs performance on a task requiring sustained attention? A. Conners scale B. continuous performance test C. clinical interview D. behavioral observation room

Which characteristic do some authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD? A. behavioral inhibition B. hyperactivity C. subtle brain damage D. aggressiveness

Part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate oneʹs own behavior is the A. basal ganglia B. cerebellum C. corpus collosum D. frontal lobes

Students with ADHD receive special education services under IDEA in which category? A. other health impaired B. ADHD C. emotional or behavioral disorders D. learning disabilities

Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is true? A. There is evidence of tissue damage in areas of the brain in people with ADHD B. Some areas are larger in people with ADHD compared to those without disabilities. C. There is no apparent effect on the size or condition of brain areas in people with ADHD. D. Some areas are smaller in people with ADHD compared to those without disabilities

In contingency-based self-management, the ʺcontingencyʺ is usually a type of A. punishment B. reward C. aversive D. contract

The ability to withhold a planned response; to interrupt a response that has been started; to protect an ongoing activity from interfering activities; and to delay a response refers to A. self control. B. behavioral control. C. behavioral inhibition D. executive functions.

Abilities needed to be successful in one's living environment (e.g., communication, self-care, social skills, and leisure) are called A. life skills. B. practical skills. C. adaptive skills. D. functional skills

Most students with ADHD spend most of their time in which of the following settings? A. special day school B. resource room C. self-contained classroom D. general education classroom

A behavioral recording system that allows a teacher to conduct brief observations and collect data on a specific set of behaviors is A. momentary time sampling. B. contingency-based recording. C. intermittent time sampling. D. continuous time sampling.

A teaching model that includes content instruction by one teacher to a large group of students and remedial or supplementary instruction by the other teacher to a small group of students is A. alternative teaching. B. parallel teaching C. team teaching D. station teaching.

The behavior of one student is tied to the outcome of the whole group in a A. group consequence model. B. group contingency model C. contingency-based self-monitoring model. D. consequence-based self-management mode

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the most effective treatment for ADHD is A. medication management B. combined medication management and behavioral treatment C. behavioral treatment D. community care.

Diagnosis of young children with ADHD is particularly difficult because A. there is no funding to do assessment in preschool B. symptoms usually do not appear before a child is eight years of age. C. preschool teachers have no training in identifying children with disabilities. D. many preschoolers without ADHD exhibit a great deal of activity and impulsivity.

The best "test" for ADHD in adults is A. referrals from past teachers B. an MRI to test for brain abnormalities C. the Conner's behavior scale. D. the person's life and medical history.

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are A. depressants B. mood enhancers C. psychotropics D. psychostimulants

Behavioral changes in students with ADHD are much more likely to occur in special education than in general education classrooms. True False

Studies have shown that positive behavioral changes in students with ADHD are much more likely to occur in A. general education settings. B. special education settings C. home settings. D. residential program settings.

The most obvious problem of children with E/BD is A. imaginary friendships B. aggression aimed at others C. lack of close emotional ties D. social fear or disinterest

The term used in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that has been criticized as inappropriate is A. emotionally disturbed B. severe behavioral disorder C. emotional or behavioral disturbance D. serious emotional disturbance

In the majority of cases, the cause of E/BD is A. biological B. family-related C. unknown D. school-based

Which one of the following features is common to most definitions of E/BD? A. behavior that is sometimes normal and sometimes deviant B. psychological processing problem C. sudden onset of an extreme behavior problem D. socially unacceptable behavior

Some states and localities interpret maladjustment as A. conduct disorder B. autism C. schizophrenia D. low academic performance

Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are A. externalizing and internalizing B. withdrawal and disinterest C. exterior and interior D. hostility and aggression

Comorbidity in persons with E/BD is A. not unusual B. very unusual C. rare D. part of the diagnosis

Professionals believe that children with E/BD are presently underserved. By this, they mean that A. special education interventions are not intense enough to meet the needs of most children with E/BD B. only a small percentage of students with E/Bd are presently identified as such by schools C. in many cases, schools refuse to provide services for students identified with E/BD, despite the legal mandate D. few professionals are trained to work effectively with students in this category

On standardized achievement tests, most students with E/BD perform A. at grade level B. above grade level C. at mental age level D. below grade level

Many social learning theorists and behavioral psychologists believe that aggression is A. caused by an overwhelming sense of frustration B. a result of subconscious motives C. a defense mechanism used in distressing situations D. a learned behavior

To maximize their effectiveness, programs for students with E/BD should provide a balance between A. behavioral control and academic/social instruction. B. academic/social instruction and vocational training C. psychological therapy and academic/social instruction. D. individualized instruction and behavioral control

Behavioral psychologists tend to attribute withdrawal and immaturity to A. internal conflicts B. unconscious motivations C. conscious motivations D. failures in social learning

All credible conceptual models of education have two objectives. They are A. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills B. controlling misbehavior and teaching academic skills C. teaching academic and social skills D. controlling misbehavior and teaching social skills

The most common problems exhibited by children with E/BD are A. withdrawn behaviors. B. attention deficit disorders C. impulsive behaviors D. conduct disorders.

The placement of individuals with E/BD in the general education classroom is secondary to A. the least restrictive environment (LRE). B. their civil rights. C. the need for appropriate education and safety D. parental demands

The trend today in placement of children with E/BD is away from special facilities and toward A. educational, hospital settings B. homebound, individualized care C. inclusion in regular public schools D. specialized treatment in private settings

Two methods frequently employed to monitor behavioral progress are A. curriculum-based measurement and standardized assessment B. rating scales and standardized assessment C. rating scales and direct observation. D. curriculum-based measurement and direct observation.

The federal definition of E/BD has been most widely criticized for its exclusion of children with A. autism B. schizophrenia C. social maladjustment D. attention deficit disorder

Despite problems in defining E/BD, most children with severe E/BD are easily recognized because A. teachers are trained in the use of behavior rating scales B. systematic screening procedures are used in most schools. C. their behavior attracts immediate attention D. most schools have psychologists on-site.

The authors of the textbook stress the importance of integrated services for students with E/BD. By this, they mean that A. subject areas within the curriculum should not be taught in isolation from each other B. students with E/BD should be fully included in regular classrooms. C. schools, families, and community agencies should cooperate to meet studentsʹ needs. D. therapy should occur in school within the context of the studentʹs academic program

The words "autistic" and "autism" come from the Greek word autos, meaning A. cars B. withdrawn C. others D. self

One characteristic that distinguished children studied by Kanner was A. an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner B. a need to be picked up or held by parents C. surprisingly normal language development D. an extreme dislike of repetition

Asperger identified children who had A. average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas B. above average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas C. below average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas D. below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent, psychotic behavior

Someone who exhibits echolalia would A. reverse pronouns B. parrot what he or she hears C. sound robotic when speaking D. speak too loudly

Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT A. a widening of the criteria used for diagnosis B. a greater awareness of autism in general C. widespread use of vaccinations for babies D. "diagnostic substitution" (diagnosing with austism rather than intellectual disability)

The disorder that is much more prevalent in females than males is A. Asperger syndrome B. Rett syndrome C. childhood disintegrative disorder D. pervasive developmental disorder

Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism? A. warmhearted moms B. refrigerator moms C. coldhearted moms D. neglectful moms

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism suggest that for many A. their brains are larger than average at birth B. their brains increase in size after about five years C. their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life D. their brains reach maximum size around age two or three years

Autism is relatively easy to diagnose because A. there is a metabolic test that can be performed B. brain scans clearly indicate the areas of the brain affected C. intelligence tests can be used to pinpoint specific conditions D. the behavioral symptoms are so severe and striking

A condition characterized by normal development for at least 2 and up to 10 years, followed by a significant loss of skills is A. Asperger syndrome B. Rett syndrome C. childhood disintegrative disorder D. pervasive developmental disorder

Children with autism have impaired communication; as many as 50 percent are thought to A. be mute B. lack communicative intent C. display stereotypic behavior D. exhibit echolalia

Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (though he is not interested in performing for other people). Which term best describes Jeremy? A. Asperger syndrome B. Rett syndrome C. autistic savant D. autistic genuis

A person whose sensory perceptions are so abnormal that he or she could appear to be deaf or blind would be A. hyporesponsive B. hyperresponsive C. overresponsive D. hypersensitive

The natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts is A. lateral coherence B. central coherence C. lateral adherence D. central synthesis

Jean is a young woman with Asperger syndrome. Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer. Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness, but did not offer condolences, nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker. Jean's inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to A. theory of central coherence B. theory of empathy C. theory of mind D. theory of executive functioning

Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors. The purposes the behaviors serve for a person are A. antecedents B. setting events C. consequences D. motivations

Two strategies for teaching social skills to students with Asperger syndrome that have been relatively successful are A. social interpreting and coaching B. peer tutoring and counseling C. collaborative grouping and peer response D. social skills films and lectures

What is currently the most popular placement for students with autism A. self-contained classroom B. separate schools C. resource rooms D. general education classrooms

Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are A. progress in academic skills and functional skills B. progress in academic skills and social/adaptive behavior C. progress in language development and functional skills D. progress in language development and social/adaptive behavior

Planning for transition to adulthood for people with Asperger syndrome is largely concerned with issues of A. supported living B. competitive employment C. residential placement D. social interaction