In his study of rats in mazes, Tolman concluded that the rats in the group that didn't receive reinforcement for solving the maze had
learned the maze by wandering around in it and formimg a cognitive map
In Tolman's study on rats, the second group, who did not get reinforced with food until the tenth day, then
began to solve the maze immediately
In Seligman's study, dogs that had been harnessed and had learned there was nothing they could do to escape a shock
would not attempt to escape when escape was possible
The learning/performance distinction is demonstrated by
the aggressive behavior by the children to the Bobo doll in Bandura's study.
changes such as an increase in height or the size of the brain are called
maturation
Pavlov initially set out to study his dogs'
digestive systems
________ pioneered the empirical study of the basic principles of classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov
What are the two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of?
involuntary and voluntary
Which of the following is one of Bandura's elements of observational learning?
memory
_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.
observational learning
One of B.F. Skinner's famous experiments involved
teaching rats to learn how to obtain food
which psychologist is best known for working with children and a bobo doll rto study whether aggressive behavior is learned by watching others be aggressive
albert bandura
In order to increase reading among her class, Mrs. Gomez, a second-grade teacher, has students record their reading by placing stickers on a large chart. For every ten stickers, students receive a new book. Mrs. Gomez is using
a token economogy
the response that is given to the conditioned stimulus is not usually quite as strong as the original unconditioned response,
but it is essentially the same response.
The neutral stimulus must be paired with the unconditioned stimulus _______ in order to result in successful conditioning.
several times
Carla was bitten by a dog when she was a toddler. She's older now, but still backs up in fear when ever a dog approaches her. This is an example of
conditioned emotional response
When ever Vernon comes home too late on Saturday night his parents refuse to give him his weekly allowance. Vernon's parents are using what technique to modify his behavior?
punishment by removal
The term "extinction" may be misleading because
learning is relatively permanent, meaning things are not "unlearned."
Pavlov's dogs exhibited stimulus discrimination when they
did not demonstrate a conditioned response upon hearing ticking sounds similar to the metronome
A typical use of applied behavior analysis is
treating children with disorders such as autism
Which of the following is an example of maturation?
One-year-old baby Jesse could not walk two months ago but now he can.
A teacher has decided to give 'caught being good' tickets to her students when they behave according to class rules. This teacher also rewards students with gold stars each time they improve their math speed. This teacher is using
operant conditioning
Which of the following would be considered negative reinforcement?
a child who had previously been whining to a parent that they want candy becomes quiet after getting the candy
Severe punishment may encourage
lying to avoid punishment
Operant conditioning is dependent on
voluntary behavior
