Pol 1 Social movements, civil liberties, civil rights

Social Distress — Caused by economic, social, and technological change helped create the conditions for the rise of most of the major social movements in American history Resources of mobilization — the degree of support and tolerance must exist for the movement among the public and society's leaders Supportive Environment — acceptance among elites that the concerns and demands of a social movement are worth supporting Sense of efficacy among the participants — The sense that an individual can affect what government does Catalyst — something to set off the mix; some type of dramatic precipitating event (or series of events) to set the motion

Those likely to most involved in a social movements are those who typically share a common source of grievance. The textbook describes that a shared sense of grievance is what enables individuals to take risks and go against the status quo and seek social change. Moreover, individuals emphasize problems and issues not personally but in terms of society at large, requesting government action on their part. (p. 237) "Political outsiders" are the pioneers of social movements, as they are often outside of the "political mainstream" and spur social movements to bring themselves and their situations into the public eye. (p. 236) It is organized collections of ordinary people, working outside political channels to get their voices heard by the public, news media, leaders of major institutions, and government officials, in order to promote, resist, or undo social change. Pg 236

1) They encourage popular involvements and interests in politics. -Broadening the "scope of conflict" 2) They often allow those w/out substantial resources to enter the game of politics. -mass mobilization 3) Although they start out as minorities, they create new majorities. 4) They often are crucial in overcoming gridlock or the status quo. crucial rights -women's suffrage movement

They have the ability to produced desired / intended result; w/ political efficacy, individuals understand that they can affect what the gov.'t does (p. 251)

Gradual piecemeal spread of protections from the Bill of Rights to states (previously just nt.'l gov.'t) by the U.S. Supreme Court (p. 494)

Stands for "literary, artistic, political, and scientific value"; not judged by community standards but by jury assessment of testimony of expert witnesses (p. 501)

The primary concern was the establishments of a society in which liberty might flourish; framers understood that the gov.'t was necessary in protecting against anarchy, but also believed the gov.'t would threaten liberty if it became too powerful (p. 490)

Civil Liberties (p. 490)

To safeguard the tyranny to refrain from giving the government power (p. 490)

The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans that were freed from slavery were obligated to respect; Justice Taney claimed Founders believed blacks had no rights that whites / gov.'t bound to honor or respect (p. 493 / 528)

Nationalizing is the process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights become incorporated; incorporation is the process in which the Supreme Court makes provisions of the Bill of Rights binding on state gov.'t; Supreme Court practices selective incorporation, in which traditional civil liberties are slowly added (p. 494-495)

they reinforced property rights and believed them to be certain and inalienable that governments were instituted to defend

Americans are somewhat willing to trade minor civil liberties for safety

Substantive liberties — Places limits on gov.'t action in terms of what gov.'t shall / shall not have the power to do (e.g. making laws that prohibits freedom of speech, religion, or press; establishing a religion; quartering troops in private homes w/o consent) Procedural liberties — Concerned w/ how gov.'t should act; fall under due process law (i.e. no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, property w/o due process; 14th Amendment — gov.'t guarantee of equal protection under law and due process for all citizens)

The court undermine a lot of the rights for African Americans they had separate but equal facilities "just as good as white facilities"; taxing them and did not have the money and made them pass a literacy test (p. 530) Eventually the national government did follow the Bill of Rights

Thirteenth Amendment - ratified abolished slavery in United States - Fourteenth Amendment - was made in 1868 by reconstruction era equal protection of the law, helped civil rights act by not taxing the Indians - Fifteenth Amendment - States could not prevent African Americans from voting

This clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution requires that each state treat all of their citizens equally. - Equal Protection clause

False; Bill of Rights did guarantee political equality with the Fourteenth Amendment and selective incorporation

sufferage

women

Social movements contribute to democracy in that minorities and those periodically discriminated against voice their opinions, in violent / non-violent ways. Democracy in itself means "rule by the people" and social movement enable such capabilities.

false

true

Popular sovereignty — People are the ultimate source of gov.'t authority and that what the gov.'t does is determined by what the people want Political equality — The idea that each person (equal to other human beings) carry the same weight in voting and other political decision making Political liberty — Basic freedoms essential to the formation and expression of majority opinion and its translation into public policies