Practice Test

"If you learn some basic spelling rules, you will become a better speller." Social learning theorists suggest that the effect of a behavior has an impact on people's motivation to engage in that specific behavior. If a student expects a positive outcome from a behavior or thinks a positive outcome is highly probable, then the student is more likely to engage in that behavior.

test questions that assess varying levels of understanding Bloom's work involved different levels of complexity of learning objectives that can relate to assessment of those objectives.

There is a local workshop on promoting emotional intelligence in the classroom. This question is designed to assess your understanding of a variety of professional development practices and resources. A workshop that promotes emotional intelligence would give the teacher strategies that he could use in his classroom to address his management problems.

They have the ability to generate original ideas. Gifted students often possess an intense desire to learn about their own interests. Their cognitive ability to think at abstract levels earlier than same-aged peers and form their own ways of thinking about problems and ideas indicates that intellectually gifted students need advanced content and choice in learning activities.

Diagnostic test A diagnostic test is used by a teacher to assess a student's skills and knowledge levels to determine areas of strength and weakness. A diagnostic assessment is the most appropriate way for a teacher to determine the instructional needs of a new student.

Students will compare and contrast holidays celebrated in Hispanic cultures with holidays celebrated in other cultures. The learning objective is observable and measurable as it focuses directly on what the student should know and be able to do by the time the lesson is completed.

Criterion-referenced assessment A criterion-referenced assessment is used to determine how well a student has mastered predetermined objectives.

Self-efficacy By helping students to form and achieve attainable goals, the teacher is fostering the belief individuals need to have in themselves to be intrinsically motivated in future tasks.

Implementing a hand signal used regularly to regain students' attention Hand signals are commonly used to regain students' attention and encourage students to listen to each other and stay focused during discussions without interrupting the flow of instruction.

Determining students' prior knowledge Concept maps are a graphic representation of students' knowledge. Having students create concept maps can provide the teacher with insights into how students organize and represent knowledge. This can be a useful strategy for assessing both the knowledge students have coming into a program or course and their developing knowledge of course material.

They help teachers target the skills that an individual student needs to develop. Student-teacher writing conferences offer insight to help teachers provide feedback to students that will enable them to develop into more effective writers

Waiting longer between posing a question and calling on students to respond Providing more time for reflection and using higher-level questioning stimulates students to think at a more complex cognitive level and to provide longer, often unsolicited, more speculative responses. To encourage such responses, teachers must pose questions and then wait for students to think before they respond.

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) is a federal law that provides protection and rights for the family in regard to educational records.

Formal operational According to Piaget, while children tend to think very concretely and specifically in earlier stages, the ability to think about abstract concepts and debate social matters emerges during the formal operational stage of cognitive development.

Social learning According to social learning theory, learning occurs when people imitate or model the behaviors of others. The students are modeling the performance of skilled basketball players when learning the jump shot in their physical education class.

Analytic scoring rubric An analytic scoring rubric is a form of authentic assessment that is most appropriate for a teacher to use to assess specific skills separately, particularly for assignments that involve a larger number of criteria, such as a lab report.

Scaffold instruction to support the student's comprehension English-language learners will continue to need scaffolded instruction during their transition out of the ESL program.

Inquiry-based activities require reasoning and higher-level thinking skills. Inquiry-based activities engage students in higher-level thinking as they become actively involved in seeking resolutions to questions or problems.

Action research Action research is a study conducted by a teacher or group of teachers to improve instruction by working through a series of reflective stages that facilitate problem solving.

Student: I really do not want to work on this assignment. The statement is negative and intrinsic because the student wants to avoid working on the assignment. Intrinsic motivation occurs when someone wants to do something, usually to benefit them in some way. Negative motivation is directed away from something that someone wants to avoid.

Peer coaching Peer coaching is a confidential process through which two or more professional colleagues work together to reflect on current practices; expand, refine, and build new skills; share ideas; teach each other; conduct classroom research; and/or solve problems in the workplace.

The teacher asks each student to write two sentences that answer a question on a topic the teacher puts on the board midway through the class. Asking each student to write briefly during class serves as an informal assessment, which allows the teacher to check individual understanding.

Aptitude An aptitude test provides data about a person's learning ability, strengths, interests, and overall potential. To provide direction of what courses to choose, it is most appropriate for a teacher to recommend to the parent that the student take an aptitude test.

A set of supplementary materials An Individualized Education Program (IEP) defines individualized objectives for a student who has been found with a disability, as defined by federal regulations. The IEP is intended to help children reach educational goals more easily than they otherwise would. Supplying additional materials would not modify the curriculum, but would help to accommodate a student's curricular needs to make the student more successful in the classroom.

Providing students choices in their learning Providing students choices in their learning fosters student autonomy, and student autonomy promotes intrinsic motivation.

Increasing new teachers' job satisfaction and commitment According to research, mentoring programs have a positive effect on teacher job satisfaction and commitment and, thus, increase retention of new teachers.

Discussing how the news report relates to the American Civil War The student's interruption is a teachable moment. The teacher can compare the existing war to the American Civil War to further enhance learning.

Performance on multiple criteria can be assessed. Analytical scoring allows for different criteria to be assessed separately.

repeated exposure will help them place the vocabulary words in a schema Students learning a new language are like a small child acquiring language. It takes many repetitions of a word before it finds a place in a schema and is usable.

A teacher shares a video clip to illustrate a scientific process during a unit on plants. The teacher's use of a video clip of real-world context provides active engagement to illustrate a scientific process that will enhance the learning environment.

Allowing students to redo assignments they previously completed unsuccessfully Research recommends de-emphasizing grading by eliminating systems of credit points. It also advises against trying to use grades to control nonacademic behavior. When students are given the opportunity to redo assignments, they will seek a better understanding of the material.

Assigning an adult advocate to monitor each student's academic and social development An inviting and inclusive school environment for young adolescents promotes in-depth learning and enhances students' physical and emotional well-being. Every student is guided by an adult advocate who monitors and supports the student's academic and personal development.

Encouraging reflective practice In a critical friends group, educators come together to talk about teaching and to improve the profession through collaborative learning.

nonverbal communication Cues, such as the teacher pointing to the place on the student's diagram, are types of receptive nonverbal communication in which some type of interaction is used to communicate a desired reaction.

Allowing students to choose from several different project options An increase in student intrinsic motivation occurs when there are opportunities for students to make choices and decisions regarding their own learning.

Using tools that help students see the interrelatedness of information Cognitive theory focuses on the interrelatedness of information. Using tools such as concept maps reflects cognitive theory and helps students see the relationships between concepts.

Ms. Wei receives a letter from Matt's father describing Matt's particular struggles, so she differentiates her lesson accordingly. The parent has provided the teacher with relevant information, and the teacher has put that information to use, which demonstrates effective collaboration.

Mr. Pegg grades on the overall quality of the composition. Holistic assessment is based on the overall quality of a student's work. Mr. Pegg may consider major elements of the content of the composition when responding to the work as a whole, but does not become overly concerned with any one aspect of the composition.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act protects those with a mental or physical impairment, such as an illness, a chronic condition (diabetes), or an injury, that substantially limits one or more life activities.

Increased wait time generates more student questions. Research supports the fact that increased wait time increases the volume of student questions.

Calling on students randomly Calling on students randomly, in conjunction with allowing sufficient time for students to formulate answers, is the most effective way to increase the variety of participants.

Apply what they have learned in a new setting From a cognitive learning perspective, learning involves the transformation of information in the environment into knowledge that is stored in the mind. Learning occurs when new knowledge is acquired or existing knowledge is modified by experience.

Creating assignments for gifted students that allow them to explore the content in greater depth Differentiating curricula for the gifted implies modifying the curriculum to meet students' differing learning rates, styles, interests, and abilities. One means of modification is creating assignments that allow gifted students to explore content in greater depth.

Model for Megan during short, daily conferences how to include voice and creativity in her writing By modeling, the teacher is providing Megan with specific guidance on voice and creativity and is giving her the opportunity to learn by observation.

Applying the concepts of geometry to build a model of a gazebo Transfer of learning occurs when a student takes what was learned in one context (geometry) and is able to apply it to another (building a model of a gazebo).

Distancing self from parents psychologically According to research, it is characteristic of adolescent children to distance themselves from their parents or guardians psychologically to identify with a peer group and to fulfill the need to be independent from adults.

Jean Piaget's theory on the stages of cognitive development Piaget's classification of the stages of developmental readiness suggests that the students may not yet be ready to move from concrete observations (the concrete operational stage) to abstract hypotheses (the formal operational stage).

Relating classroom activities to the various needs and interests of children and families By relating classroom activities to the needs and interests of students and families, the school promotes parent partnerships and a family-centered program.

Achievement test Achievement tests measure mastery of skills, so a teacher can use the results of the test to determine whether the student is on grade level.

Scaffolded instruction Scaffolded instruction is instruction that begins with extensive support followed by a gradual tapering of support.

Metacognition Metacognition is the intellectual process that enables an individual to step back from a particular learning experience and think about his or her ways of learning new things, preferred and most successful methods of learning, and strategies for most effectively using this knowledge in new learning situations.

Ms. Steel frequently holds debates and allows students to voice their opinions. The First Amendment offers five freedoms: religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. By allowing students to voice their opinions frequently during class debates, the teacher is supporting freedom of speech.

The library media specialist The library media specialists look at curriculum, assignments, and learning in terms of the information resources, processes, and technologies required for student success. The library media specialist could best assist the teacher in incorporating interactive message boards and other social media activities.

Loren enjoys discussion of social issues and dislikes repetition in curricular activities. Many gifted children dislike repetition.

Episodic Episodic memory refers to one's ability to recall personal experiences from the past. Mr. Adamson recalled a specific event and information from a childhood memory with his grandfather, employing his long-term episodic memory.

Formative Formative assessments provide the teacher with feedback and information during the course of the instructional process and are not necessarily graded. Exit tickets are effective when used as a formative assessment to help the teacher plan instruction for future lessons.

Students become anxious and unsettled during testing. Classical conditioning involves pairing a previous neutral stimulus (testing) with an unconditioned stimulus (anxiety).

Active listening One primary component of active listening is to restate what the other person has said.

Demonstrating how to change the magnification of the microscope setting The teacher supports student learning by allowing students to learn by observation. In this case, the students observe the teacher change the magnification.

Peer observation Peer observation encourages reflection on teaching practices. Peer observation allows teachers to observe and offer feedback to benefit from each other's experience and expertise while promoting teaching excellence.

Reliability Reliability refers to the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results.

Establishing criteria for good writing The best first step when using peer assessment in the classroom is to establish criteria. As a group, students determine what should be assessed and how criteria for successful completion of the communication task should be defined to provide the most helpful feedback to their peers.

Assigning work to Fred in small steps and giving immediate feedback Assigning work in small steps and supplying immediate feedback allows the student a greater sense of achievement.

Students may be overwhelmed by the amount of information provided on the scoring guide. There is generally a wealth of information on a scoring guide that can be overwhelming to students, which is a limitation of using this type of assessment.

Role-playing as interviewers and interviewees for practice A typical role-playing activity would have students taking on different roles as the interviewer or interviewee and would place them in different situations typical of a job interview setting so that students can experience what they should do in each situation, better preparing them for the actual event.

Demonstration Direct instruction is a teacher-centered instructional strategy. It emphasizes the use of demonstrations and lectures to present material to students.