A) Rudy is having difficulty in learning math, but he sticks with it.
1. Typical of the industry versus inferiority stage is: A) Rudy is having difficulty in learning math, but he sticks with it. B) Vanessa says, "My parents never let me do anything!" C) Cliff says that his girlfriend, Clair, doesn't understand him. D) Theo decides to stop taking piano lessons.
D) children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet.
2. During the latency stage: A) children develop sexual feelings toward their opposite-sex peers. B) children seek to establish their identity. C) children attempt to learn self-control. D) children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet.
A) repression of his psychosexual needs
3. According to Freud, which of the following will 8-year-old Sven experience? A) repression of his psychosexual needs B) emergence of many unconscious sexual conflicts C) increased emotional drives D) a new interest in girls
C) reduce her self-esteem.
4. Andrea is a typical 11-year-old whose growing self-consciousness and self-criticism drive her to frequently compare herself with her peers. If Andrea is like most children, such comparisons will: A) confirm her self-concept. B) not affect her self-esteem. C) reduce her self-esteem. D) elevate her self-esteem.
C) be an aggressive bully.
5. Julia esteems herself very highly but scorns her peers. Research indicates that she most likely will: A) excel in academics. B) be very independent. C) be an aggressive bully. D) soar in popularity.
B) resilient.
6. The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow remains unscathed in the process is termed as: A) buoyant. B) resilient. C) parasympathetic. D) unflappable.
B) how many other stressors are present.
7. In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on: A) what the stressor is. B) how many other stressors are present. C) whether the stress is economic. D) whether the stressor affects other siblings too.
A) self-righting.
8. The ability of children and adults to naturally try to deal with their problems is known as: A) self-righting. B) intrinsic motivation. C) perseverance. D) effortful control.
C) most of the environmental effects may be from the "nonshared" environment.
9. Parents' beliefs that they mold their children's personalities may be diminished by the finding that: A) half of personality traits may be genetic. B) half of personality traits may be environmental. C) most of the environmental effects may be from the "nonshared" environment. D) temperament defines personality.
C) Much more of the environmental effects on personality come from outside the family than was previously believed.
10. Many parents believe that they mold their children's personalities. This belief is challenged by which of the following research findings? A) Scientific data suggest that genes play a far bigger role than was previously believed. B) The influences on personality seem to be 50 percent familial and 50 percent nonfamilial. C) Much more of the environmental effects on personality come from outside the family than was previously believed. D) Epigenetic research reveals that familial environment plays a very small role in personality when compared to the influence of genetics.
B) genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on some abilities.
11. Alan is an adopted child who lives with three siblings, all biological children of his adoptive parents. Alan's math skills are far better than those of his adoptive parents or his adoptive siblings. This provides evidence that: A) shared familial influences play a far bigger role than was previously believed. B) genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on some abilities. C) much less of the environmental effects on personality come from outside the family than was previously believed. D) Alan's own initiative to excel is greater than that of his adoptive family.
A) Whatever the structure, does it fulfill the five essential functions for school-age children?
12. The crucial question regarding family structure is: A) Whatever the structure, does it fulfill the five essential functions for school-age children? B) What structure will our culture prefer? C) Which structure meets most of the needs of its members? D) Which of the five essential functions are fulfilled in which structure?
A) Richard, who is being raised by his single mom
13. Of the following children, who is at greatest risk in terms of school performance and success as an adult? A) Richard, who is being raised by his single mom B) Tony, who is being raised by his single dad C) Alberto, who is being raised by a lesbian couple D) Suzanna, who is being raised by a gay male couple
B) feared and respected, but not necessarily liked.
14. Children who are athletic, cool, dominant, arrogant, and aggressive tend to be: A) feared and respected, as well as popular and liked. B) feared and respected, but not necessarily liked. C) respected and liked. D) liked, but not necessarily respected.
C) anger
15. A social slight tends to produce which of the following responses in rejected children? A) empowerment B) apathy C) anger D) joy
B) may lead to problems with relationships for the bullies and their victims.
16. Over time, the consequences of bullying: A) may lead to problems primarily for the bullies themselves. B) may lead to problems with relationships for the bullies and their victims. C) may lead to problems primarily for the victims. D) typically vanish by the time children enter high school.
C) 3
17. Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she's afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg's stage ______ of moral development. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C) 4
18. If Max responds that "Heinz shouldn't steal because stealing is against the law," he is exemplifying which Kohlberg stage? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
B) "Every citizen should obey the rules."
19. The statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is: A) "I obey a higher power." B) "Every citizen should obey the rules." C) "I want everyone to like me." D) "I am careful not to get caught."
B) concrete operational thinking and peer experience.
20. Stella's parents observed that she has begun to participate in moral arguments on issues of right and wrong. Her matured moral thinking is due to: A) listening more intently to her parents. B) concrete operational thinking and peer experience. C) more advanced reading material at school that requires reflection. D) the drive to internalize the rules of society.