Second Semester World History Final Study Guide

the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war.

the alliance of Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.

ruler of Germany in 1978. forced Otto Bismark to resign

the alliance between Britain, France, and Russia.

the name given to Germany and Austria-Hungary due to their position in Europe

Great Britain, France, and Russia

the deadlocked region in northern France

attacking an defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia

soldiers would attack each other in trenches

battle field along the German and Russian border

where the German subs sunk any ship without warning in the waters around Britain

countries devote all their resources to the war effort

people could only buy small amounts of those items that were needed for the war effort

one-sided information designed to persuade

an agreement to stop fighting

representative of the US

representative of France

a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace

allowed people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live

between Germany and the Allied powers that ended WW1

an international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

the workers

the more radical of the revolutionaries

the major leader of the Bolsheviks

a self-described "holy-man" who claimed to have magical healing powers

a temporary government

the renamed Bolshevik party

the elected leader of the Communist party after Lenin's stroke

a government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life

a campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened power

a system in which the government made all the economic decisions

Stalins outlined plans for the development of the Soviet Union's economy

government owned farms

nationalist party

first great leader of the Kuomintang or nationalist party

demonstrations that spread to other cities and exploded into a national movement

an assistant librarian at Beijing University

headed the Kuomintang

6,000-mile-long journey

these laws allowed the government to jail protesters without trial for as long as two years

where Amritsar opened fire on Indians and killed 400 and wounded 1,200

the emergent leader of the independence movement

the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law

where the revolutionaries would walk to the ocean to get water to evaporate into salt in revolt to the new tax on salt

successfully led Turkish nationalists in fighting back the Greeks an their British backers

offered startling new ides on space, time, energy, and matter

the theorization that while the speed of light is constant, other things that seem constant, are not

a psychologist that ideas rivaled Einsteins in brilliance

there is no universal meaning of life

the influence of German existentialists

an art movement that sought to link the world of dreams with the real life

music developed by musicians, mostly African American, in New Orleans, Memphis, and Chicago.

captured world attention with a 33-hour solo flight from New York to Paris

temporary alliance of several parties

Germany's new democratic government

the decline of America's economy for a long time.

the first president after the Great Depression

a program of government reform under Roosevelt

a brand of fascism made by the Germans

Hitlers book that he wrote while in jail

living space

giving into an aggressor for peace

Germany, Italy, and Japan

the general who rose up in revolt in Spain

the belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided

German Empire

a meeting proposed by Mussolini between Germany, France, Britain, and Italy.

new, militant political movements that emphasis's loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces.

a little-known political leader whose early life had been marked by disappointment.

said that Russia wouldn't attach Germany.

lighting war

French general, set up a government-in-exile n London.

the new British Prime Minister during WW2

showed the Allies that Hitlers attacks could be blocked

commanded the Afrika Korps.

upheld free trade among nations and the right of people to choose their own government

Japan's greatest naval strategist

the unexpected attack of the Japanese on America which hurled America into the war.

where the American's surprised the Japanese. crucial turning point in the war

the commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific

the continuous and savage struggle that lasted so long due to the fresh outpour of troops by both sides on a continual basis

"master race"

the systematic mass slaughter of the Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis

the night of broken glass. where Jewish stores were vandalized and some destroyed

segregated Jewish areas

Hitler's plan for getting rid of the Jews

the systematic killing of an entire people

led 100,000 troops in Morocco and Algeria.

the German attack of Stalingrad

the largest aquatic invasion in history

push of the Germans through American lines that was stopped by little supplies

Japanese suicide pilots

the trials against captured German officers for war crimes committed during WW2

disbanding the Japanese armed forces

the process of creating a government elected by the people

a group of 48 countries set up to protect each other

represents Europe's division into mostly democratic Western Europe and communist eastern Europe

policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism

supported only countries that rejected communism

would provided food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

between United States and Soviet Union. Arms race basically

Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania in counter action to NATO

the willingness to go the brink or edge of war

leader of the communist party in China

leader of the nationalist party in China

larger collective farms

high school and college students that came out of the classroom and formed militia units

goal was to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

a line that crosses Korea at 38 degrees north latitude

commander of the army of 15 nations including the US and Britain

turned to the Communists for help in his struggle

the fall of one communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors

led the anti-communist government put in place by the US and France

communist guerrillas

allowed for US troops to gradually pull out, while the South Vietnamese increased their combat role

developing nations, often newly independent

a third force of independent countries

young leader who took over Cuba and made it a communism

Nicaraguan dictatorship family

leader of the Sandinistas

leader of the Muslim religious opposition

leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin died

the replacement to Khrushchev after the Cuban Missile Crisis

during his administration, the Cuban Missile Crisis made the superpowers' use of nuclear weapons a real possibility

assumed presidency after Kennedy was assassinated.

a policy of lessening Cold War tensions

implemented detente which replaced brinkmanship

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

a fiercely anti-Communist US president who took office in 1981

India's national political party

an organization founded in 1906 in India to protect Muslim interests

insisted that all Muslims resign from the Congress party. leader of the Muslim League

term given to the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations

the independent India's first prim minister

Nehru's daughter that was chosen to be prime minister

Bhutto's daughter. after Zia's death, she was elected twice as prime minister

a movement to celebrate African culture

the leader of the largely nonviolent movement for African freedom

Kenyan nationalist

leader of the FLN

an army officer who seized power in the Congo for 32 years in 1965

power is shared between state governments and a central authority.

temporary military rule

government opponents

complete separation of the races

imprisoned by the government for being part of the ANC

the ruling committee of the Communist Party

one of the candidates to lead the politburo. praised for his youth, energy, and political skills

openness

economic restructuring

member of the parliament and former mayor of Moscow.

commonwealth of independent states

an abrupt shift to free-market economies

Polish labor union that became the main force of opposition to the Communist rule in Poland

National hero for being the union leader of Solidarity

the merging of the two Germanys

this policy was intended to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population

the most powerful leader in China in 1980

called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology

a huge public space in the heart of Beijing

a thriving business center and British colony on the southeastern coast of China