The Evolution of Sales Models in the Indian Pharma Industry By AmArdeep Udeshi, engAgement mAnAger, ims ConsUlting groUp And mohit BAhri, ConsUltAnt, ims ConsUlting groUp Dear colleagues, We are proud to present to you the outcome of a unique initiative jointly undertaken by OPPI and IMS Consulting Group (IMSCG). As part of the OPPI Committee on Sales Force Excellence (SFE), a decision was taken last year to understand the prevailing practices and emerging trends with respect to Sale Forces, aimed at driving SFE across the Indian Pharma industry.

As part of this study, OPPI and IMS Health undertook a survey amongst key senior management personnel, wherein information was captured related to sales force structures, the principle behind their set ups and the challenges faced therein. Fourteen companies responded to this survey. What is presented here is a brief glimpse of the findings of this survey, within the context of changing sales models in the Indian pharma industry. Supporting this data are insights provided by IMS Consulting Group based on their expertise and knowledge of the industry and its changing dynamics along with inputs from other industry experts associated with OPPI.

What this paper attempts to do is to showcase how sales models are being, and will continue to be, reinvented and redesigned across the Indian pharma market landscape in the years to come. We do hope you find this article and the subject as interesting as we found it to be while bringing this paper to you. Thank you, Tapan Ray Director General OPPI Ram Kalyana Country Principal, India IMS Consulting Group 2 the only ConstAnt is ChAnge itself The ever changing face of the Indian pharma industry and its ability to adapt innovatively has reinforced the fact that adaptation is the only way to survive.

With every passing decade, a new commercial challenge has emerged; which in-turn has provided the industry with an opportunity to ride the waves to reach newer heights. An annual turnover of Rs 600 Bn with a CAGR in excess of 15% is a testimony to the fact that key players have emerged, winning over time. With time, newer and innovative commercial approaches have been adopted and implemented, thus demonstrating that the companies have adapted themselves to the fluidic nature of the Indian pharma market. As Fig. below indicates, following the announcement of a formal patent structure in 1995, Indian players started gearing up for the product patent regime. During this time, a transition from conservative sales models to ag- gressive and innovative sales models was observed. Companies geared up their R&D efforts to meet the product patent criteria, and undertook an aggressive expansion in early 2000s from a gradual ramp up of portfolio and sales force in late 90s. So aggressive was the portfolio expansion, that the average number of new brands launch increased from nearly 700/year in the late 1990s to >2,500/year between 2000 and 2005.

At the same time, companies expanded their sales forces aggressively in attempts to reach out to the geographical corners of the country, including rural markets in the late 2000s. In a bid to increase revenue further, innovators engaged in co-promotion of their patented products and out-licensing. At the same time, with limited options to expand portfolio and near saturation in the top cities in India, companies started adopting newer commercial models and sales force structures (like task forces, therapy experts, Key Account Manager structure, Contracted Sales Operations, etc. to more efficiently target the market. Figure 1: Changing Sales Dynamics in the Indian Pharma Industry Announcement of patent regime massive restructuring and scale up product patent implemented shrinking pipeline and rise of pharmerging markets • Companies start gearing up for expansion • sf and portfolio ramp up • Avg new products launched/yr 650-700 • started investments in r&d • rapid adoption of business unit structure • expansion to extra-urban geographies • emergence of newer sales model like taskforce, therapy experts • Co-promotion/licensing agreements kicked in • rise of organized retail vents likely to impact future sales models •health insurance •govt. adopting health security measures for certain sections of society • gst regime • Aggresive portfolio & sales force expansion, >2,500 new products launched/yr • gradual adoption of business unit structure • mnCs entering india and also launching global portfolio 1995-2000 Source: IMS intelligence 2000-2005 2005-2010 • emergence of new stakeholders, sales channels • likely adoption of newer sales model like channel management, KAm, Cso, etc 2010 and beyond Future 3 Companies who aggressively ramped-up were able to (See Fig. below) shows that these initiatives have maintain their bottom line, thus indicating that these proved to be fruitful and provided healthy bottom strategies paid off. A Top-level financial assessment lines. Figure 2: Profitability trends - Key companies MNCs 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 40% 35% 30% Indian Companies operating profit % 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 novartis Astra merck Abbott pfizer Aventis ranbaxy glenmark drl sun pharma CiplA % operating profit = operating profit/ operating income source: www. money. rediff. com

However, in an ever changing market environment, the drive up efficiencies, be it through streamlining operasustainability of these models in terms of profitability tions, adapting their sales model to market realties, or needs to be carefully considered. Hence, it’s imperative enhancing efficacy of initiatives. for the industry to look within for the opportunities to As an industry executive says, “We moved from a Sales and Marketing structure to a Business Unit structure to bring more accountability, manage evolving business needs and use equity of organization for reaching to the middle of the accessible pyramid.

We have also created a horizontal strategic excellence team across these BUs for process evaluation. ” Another industry executive mentioned that adopting specialized field forces to promote super-specialty products, using a traditional field In a survey jointly undertaken by IMSCG and OPPI force to promote other less specialized products, and a CSO amongst leading companies related to sales practices (Contracted Sales Operations) model for rural geographies and models, it was observed that nearly 80% responded has worked well for them.

Thus, the industry has seen an to having changed their sales model at least once in the adoption of multiple kinds of sales forces – an improvelast 5 years. Nearly 80% of the companies contacted ment over having a ‘traditional sales force only’ model. by IMS have already adopted multiple business unit models, with or without additional specific task forces; While most of the companies have adopted this Business with the number of business units ranging from 2 to Unit structure, a few pushed further ahead by adopting newer innovative promotional models like patient activa10, depending on portfolio width. ion teams, therapy specialists, or creating patient awareness through mass media. CUrrent sAles models The sales force continues to be the biggest promotional investment for pharma players. Industry has evolved around making most use of this resource and has adopted innovative commercial models, from sales and marketing structure to business unit structure to specialized task forces, as per their needs – often proactively adapting existing sales models to market realities 4 As seen in Fig. below, while key determinants of the and target doctor specialty, a few companies have also sales force structure are therapy focus, portfolio width, aligned their models around geographies and profitability. Figure 3: therapy focus portfolio (number of brands) specialty focus nature of product (otC/hospital based) geography focus stage in lifecycle of the portfolio mix of different profibility brands realignment of brands due to merger/acquisition 0 2 4 5. 5 6 8 7. 2 6. 9 6. 9 6. 7 9. 2 8. 9 8. 7 10

A few of the models seen in the pharma industry (see Fig. 4 below) are: • therApy foCUs promotion: Generally seen where a portfolio is specialized, therapy focused, and scripts are driven through chosen few doctors; generally in chronic segment. • ChAnnel mAnAgement: Mostly in OTC /OTX business; mature products with wider portfolio width. • hospitAl tAsKforCe: Exclusively to manage hospital business. • speCiAlty driven sAles model: Applicable in scenarios where portfolio is built around 2 or 3 specialties. tAsK forCe: Generally adopted for niche products in urban areas, such as fertility clinics or for new launches where the focus is on select top rung physicians only. • oUt-soUrCed sAles forCe: Generally used for expansion in extra-urban geographies or with companies for whom medico-marketing is secondary (such as OTC or Consumer Healthcare companies). Figure 4: Newer Sales Force Models adopted task-force institutional sales force Channel sales multiple BU sales force therapy focus specialty focus Acute vs chronic focus geography focus others Urban Geography

Urban + lower town classes therapy experts rural superspecialty focus/ niche hospital focus distributor sales force otC rural sales force (owned / outsourced) multispecialty broad portfolio Portfolio non-exhaustive indicative overview of indian pharma sales models 5 Different companies have adopted different strategies, but the key reason cited for adapting these changes remains the same: to provide better customer focus and targeting, enhance efficiencies, facilitate expansion to newer business areas (both therapies and geographies), and increase accountability of the resources.

One of the executives surveyed said, “We created multiple structures to expand coverage to new markets and therapy areas in line with growth expectation, support new launches, and strengthen key markets & institutional sales. ” For specialty products driven companies, task forces account for nearly 15% of the total sales force. Key determinants of adapting these models are therapy focus, width of product portfolio and target doctor specialties.

Interestingly, responses of those companies having mature products tending to an OTX profile suggest that channel management has already made inroads into pharma sales, accounting for nearly 20% of sales forces, second only to traditional sales force. Geography also emerges as one of the key determinants of sales model adoption, which shows that companies are also looking at realigning their sales model around the varied need of various geographies. An industry executive contacted by OPPI-IMS said “A new BU was created in our company to tap the opportunity in the lower town classes.

The BU contribution to the overall business is close to 20%. ” Another executive said, “Emerging and untapped business in the Class 3 or 4 towns and rural sector will impact the future selling model,” thus Figure 5: Key benefits and challenges with various sales structures acknowledging the seriousness around rural consumers. MNCs like Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer are actively expanding to Tier IV cities and below, creating profitable business models around rural geographies. Extra-urban geographies require different sales models in addition to a different strategy in terms of portfolio, distribution, pricing and promotion.

It has also been observed that many companies have adopted a multi-pronged commercial model to target specific needs of the various customer sets. One of the industry executives said, “We adopted multiple strategies, like divisionalization in different therapy segment to bring better focus on field implementation, creation of channel management to manage late life cycle brands, launch of an extra urban division to increase reach, and launch of super specialty division like Derma & Cardio. Previous studies from IMSCG suggest that this is not an isolated case, but is now a common practice followed by both Indian and MNC players. No one model fits all. As seen in Fig. 5 below, different models have their share of benefits and challenges; innovative sales structures increase customer focus, but with additional investment. Hence, one needs to study financial feasibility of a adopting a new commercial model. While a few companies have started to reassess their selling model, many players still rely on traditional promotional channels, where doctor coverage, call frequency, and working ays still define the KPIs for the sales force. Benefits Account management Channel management hospital management task force structure Cso • high Customer focus • Customer management • Wider reach and frecuency • helpful in managing large portfolio • high focus on potential hospitals • high productivity for speciality business • high impact and productivity • service to focus customers • geographically better reach • flexibility in operation & reduces managerial cost Challenges high investment • delay in payments • lower margins • resource constraint for the wider reach • price war • formulary listing for new products • scattered geography • Cost of operation • Compliance and quality of operations • tough to coordinate and align Cso to parent company 6 A closer look at current models show that these models, though they would have provided an edge to the players, have largely focused around single stakeholder, primarily doctors. A study by IMSCG shows that decision making power of other stakeholders, including patients, hospitals, payers, and insurance companies, has Figure 6: een on a steady rise in recent years. Rising influence of new stakeholders in deciding treatment pathway will force the market players to look at newer touch points with new stakeholders and hence the promotional channels. KPIs for the sales team need to evolve to include these new key stakeholders. International Scenario Media Promotion Influential Influential Indian Scenario Doctors Media Promotion Doctors Patient Groups Payors Consumers Distribution channels Distribution channels Existing Consumers Insurance Patient Groups New Weak Existing New

Moreover, there are fundamental differences in stakeholder evolution between Western and Indian markets, which to an extent explains the difference between commercial models in the West and in India. While doctors are still the center of healthcare in India, the West has seen an emergence of consumers, payers, private insurance and patient groups as strong stakeholders in healthcare management. With Westernization of the Indian healthcare market, newer stakeholders are likely to gain more importance, and thus will be the need for newer ways and means of targeting them.

Leading MNCs like Sanofi-Aventis, Roche, Lilly, MSD, and GSK have already started engaging newer stakeholders (patients) to maintain their leadership in the market. Awareness campaigns, as adopted by MSD for Gardasil or by GSK for its vaccine portfolio or by Sanofi-Aventis for its top end brands have helped route the patients to their products. Weak 7 emerging trends in the heAlthCAre system OPPI-IMSCG has identified six key trends in healthcare which are likely to influence the way pharma companies adopt their sales models in the next decade.

These trends will see emergence of new stakeholders and promotional channels, that no company may afford to ignore, impacting future commercial models. These key trends are: 1. pAtients inCreAsingly BeComing strong stAKeholders: Increasing education, awareness, and income have prompted patients to actively seek a healthy life-style. Patients have emerged as stronger stakeholders in the overall treatment chain, commanding what they want, at the price they want, where they want and by whom. Demand for preventive treatment, rather than curative, is increasingly becoming prominent amongst patients.

Vaccination is a case in study, where companies like GSK and MSD have targeted primarily the end-user to ramp up patient acquisition. Increasing use of health check-up packages, awareness creation through media promotion, and government initiatives in rural healthcare will only lead to further strengthening of patients as key stakeholders in the healthcare system. • Engages patients by providing services at their home for products like Arava and Actonel • engages patients by providing services • Program is called as SPARSH Typical is called as spArsh ••program services include • Counseling • Diagnostic tests t their home for products like Arava • Typical services include and Actonel • Counseling • Delivery of starter kits •typical Insurance • Medicalservices include • Exercising equipments • Counseling • Physiotherapy sessions • delivery starter kits • Diagnostic Tests • medical insurance • Personalized visit • exercising equipments • Emergency help •typical services include call center • Query handling via • Counseling • diagnostic tests • Patient doesn’t has to pay anything • Query handling via call center extra • patient doesn't has to pay anything extra Doctors are reported about the status of the • diagnostic tests patients • personalized visit • physiotherapy sessions • doesn’t has to • Patient emergency help pay anything extra • doctors are reported about the status of the patients • patient doesn't has to pay anything extra MNCs have been actively engaging customers by providing disease management services to retail patients taking their products. Counseling, physiotherapy sessions, and diagnostic tests are all services being provided to patients. Patient reach programs will require different set ups and servicing teams with specific skill sets.

A leading MNC vaccine player reaches out to their patients through an SMS reminder service. An industry executive mentioned use of call centers for chronic disease management as a possibility. Thus, implementation of patient engagement programs will require adoption of different sales and service models, and hence newer capabilities by market players 2. emergenCe of neW heAlthCAre delivery ChAnnels The hospital segment is strongly emerging in the Indian healthcare sector. Private and corporate hospitals have grown at a 15-20% on YOY basis, and the trend is expected to continue for the next 5 years as well.

Penetration in Tier II cities and medical tourism will further boost growth of corporate hospitals. The upcoming increase in number of corporate hospitals will result in a structure where players will not only require a hospital sales force, but also the key account managers to handle relationships with wider set of stakeholders like purchase managers, administrative staff, and nursing staff. Most of the companies surveyed by IMS either already have a hospital division, or are planning to have one in next 2-3 years. 8 3.

UptAKe of generiCs By government hospitAl seCtor Mandated prescribing of generics by government hospitals is expected to strongly impact the sales of branded drugs in the long run. Mandated generics prescription in the West has already led to emergence of new sales model aimed at generics promotion. Though IMSCG does not see this trend impacting India much in next 5 years, over next decade or so it will be interesting to see what new commercial models pharma players adopt. Pharma companies may also need to engage aggressively with government bodies like pricing authorities, or approval committees. . groWing otC seCtor Use of media in driving brand promotion and reaching out to masses has opened up a new avenue for Pharma players to grow beyond traditional channels. Revital, Gelusil, Liv 52, Volini, No Marks, Crocin are the classic case studies, where pharma players expanded their reach through newer promotional channels like media promotion or in-store branding. Because OTC implies reaching out to patients and consumers without doctor intervention, it necessitates focusing attention on pharmacies directly, developing new distribution models, pricing and consumer targeting.

Healthcare FMCG companies like GSKCH, Nestle and Britannia have a dedicated medical detailing field force meeting doctors and nutritionists to promote their brand too. Emergence of OTC is further expected to catch-up in next 5-10 years, with many more companies eyeing to acquire a broader patient base through multi-channel marketing. Hence, pharmacos need to adopt a different model for targeting customers 5. orgAnized retAil phArmACy ChAins Increasing spread of organized pharmacy chains like Apollo, Guardian and 98. 4, will make pharma players think about managing the growing power of newer distribution channels.

According to industry estimates, organized retail pharmacy chains already account for nearly 5% of pharma sales in India, and their share is increasing year on year. These chains cannot be ignored any longer. Over a period of time, the role of organized players may evolve from mere distribution of drugs to managing patients’ health. Pharma companies may need to think about how to engage with these chains to deliver more and more services to their patients. With increasing share of sales, the demand for further discounting by these chains is not far away.

Not only will these pharmacies demand price discounting, they will impact the way the supply chain is currently structured. With media promotion driving the customer pull, merchandising will take a bigger role in overall sales promotion at these pharmacies. Thus, the association between pharmacos and these chains needs to grow in a manner that both parties benefit from the inter-play. 6. rise of heAlth insUrAnCe Increasing penetration of health insurance will increase power of insurance companies to decide inclusion or exclusion of drugs in re-imbursement list.

It is expected that the total population covered under health insurance will increase from 2. 3% in 2007 to 20% by 2015. The possibile emergence of a drug re-imbursement list by Indian insurance companies cannot be ruled out, which may eventually lead to dictating the business terms by insurance companies to pharma players. •Companies like ICICI Lombard are now eyeing to launch disease specific insurance covering cost of medications as well. One such policy, called Diabetes Care, is already in the market. 9

Including insurance companies as a key stakeholder in ers,” while another mentioned “Sales force will have to Pharma commercial model products will increasingly manage end customer connect besides marketing brands become crucial. to doctors”. Another executive feels patients will gain more importance in future, saying, “Most companies will Each of the above trends will impact the pharma sales have focused approach and work towards better customer model in their own way, paving the way for new com- service leading to patient benefit. OPPI-IMSCG feels mercial models in the pharmaceutical industry. Industry that as the momentum of evolution of these trends gather also seems to acknowledge these trends as one industry pace, so will the evolution of pharma commercial models executive stated, “Sales structures will evolve to manage in the next decade. With these changes, the industry has new channels like corporate hospitals or modern format witnessed an emergence of the concept of SFE – Sales retail. Government policies, payers and healthcare pro- Force Excellence. iders will influence the sales models of pharma play- are seriously looking to have a dedicated team for rural markets. Each of these models clearly points towards targeted approach to new stakeholders, though it’s too early to predict the nuances of each of the models. The role of existing resources will also evolve from •Ismycurrentsalesmodelsustainableinthefuture? mere touch points with customers to engaging final •Ismycurrentsalesmodeloptimalforfuturemarket consumers and managing the health of the patients. cenario? One industry executive points out, “Pharma sales •HowshouldIevolveandadapttothesechanges? structure will slowly move towards a more scientific dialogue between the sales force and the doctor. This Answers are not easy to come by, but a few compa- would require highly trained MRs with good ability nies will lead the way. According to the OPPI-IMSCG to engage doctors more effectively. ” study, key players in the industry believe that adaptation of current sales model will be a must for survival.

This question will be even more pertinent going forWith the emergence of innovative sales models like ward; especially keeping in mind how difficult it is getkey account management, hospital task force, channel ting to find good talent in the market and how to make management, therapy specialist, and media promotion, existing talent more effective and productive through it is clear where sales models are heading. Companies skill-set enhancement. AdApting neW CommerCiAl models Emerging trends in healthcare delivery will force the pharma players to re-think about their go-to-market strategy.

Some key questions to ask are: Figure 7: yesterday sales representative roles fairly standardized reach and frequency paradigm share of voice sf main promotional channel molecular targeting individual incentives technology used by innovators sfe function infrequent empirical decision making today/tomorrow different roles: (KAm, relationships rep, sample dropper and power rep) relationship paradigm share of relationship mC2 = multi-client/multi-channel Atomistic targeting team incentives effective use of technology sfe function contributing to roi evidence-based decision making 0 The OPPI-IMSCG study predicts the gradual shift of the traditional approach of meeting the customer, to future approach of relationship building and engaging with customers. Much will change. “Managing the patients together” is perceived to be the key to success. Delinking the role of sales force from stockist management will help sales teams to focus exclusively on customers. Engaging multiple stakeholders through multi-channel promotion and touch-points will be the crucial.

Segmenting the customers, from current Potential-Support Model to more evolved models like Behavioral Segmentation will provide the cutting edge to the players. e-detailing, e-seminars, e-doctor meetings, and online awareness campaigns will drive the patient flow to the healthcare system. Thus, KPIs for the sales forces may evolve as well. ing in-depth analytics so as to lead to scientific decision making; from coordinating sales force activities to managing ROI through informed decision making with an end objective of improving efficiencies of existing systems.

As one executive said, “There will be a concerted focus on SFE. Analytics will take over an important role in deciding sales force size and predicting sales forecast. ” Measures of success will shift from PRPM model to carry-over models, thus, each incremental sales rep being added to sales force will have its own justification. With eroding product differentiation the sales and marketing capabilities will be the key differentiator. The Indian pharma industry will need to develop sales force competency and elements of SFE will take the driving seat.

The reward systems will incorporate balance of sales achievement Industry experts also predict that evolving and harvesting with equal emphasis in effort parameters. newer touch points with patients will be a key to success. Study of patient flows in healthcare is likely to gain Considering that the largest resource allocation in comimportance. Not only will patient flow study impact the panies takes place on sales teams, it becomes important sales model, it will also impact the portfolio choice for the that SFE as a function be evaluated ore seriously. In players. An industry executive pointed out,“Key Account order to institutionalize the discipline of SFE, companies Management will have increasing importance for MNCs will need to build capabilities for an enterprise-wide SFE with pipeline of patented products and strategic partner- setup which will be actively engaged in enabling investing initiative will also impact sales models. ” ments into innovative and hybrid sales models or demand generation models.

To do this successfully and build a Within the last 5 to 6 years, companies have also created better business case for the same, companies will need a dedicated SFE function, with the purpose of improv- to closely examine how investments are channelized into ing the productivity of the sales forces. The role of SFE is each of the various initiatives – balancing financial rigour expected to evolve strongly over the next 5 years, involv- with overall implementability. Figure 8: Smaller field forces: removal of mirrored field forces Right sizing: each rep seeing 30-40 doctors more often

Account based selling: managing groups of prescribers based on % effort and not reach & frequency Key Account Mgt: relationship rep can call in specialized personnel as needed Prescriber Knowledge opportunity - Accessibility - responsiveness the sales model of Today Organizational Models therapy focused - team based - outsourcing specialist - Key Account mgt. new bonus and compensation models patient flow - local guidelines/Bodies influence to diagnose & prescribe the sales model of The Future Portfolio Treatment Pathways & Influence

MNCs are expected to lead the change and that trend of micro-targeting has already begun. Companies like MSD, Sanofi-Aventis, and Roche have shown that value, and not cost, drives the healthcare choice. Januvia, (though much lesser than international price) is priced much higher and entered recently in the market, has already clocked sales of >Rs 100 crs. Thus, its well said by a pharma executive: “The way of marketing differentiated products, depending on their life cycle stage, will be of utmost importance.

Newer ways of promotion too will have to be considered. ” 11 Conclusion Declining effectiveness of current sales models will only lead to emergence of newer approaches in pharma selling. Though the approaches will vary vastly from company to company, the trend has already started. Pharmaceutical players should seriously start evaluating their options and envisage how their sales models should evolve in the next 10 years to maintain their competitive edge. Where doesthefuturelie? IsKAMthesolution,orisittheCSO that will emerge?

Willchannelmanagementgainmost importance? Towhatextentshouldmarketcoveragebe increased? How would one need to balance this with costeffectiveness? Theanswerswillemergeonlywiththe time, but with market maturing, patients actively seeking healthcare, and newer stakeholders emerging, another round of adaptation in pharma sales model is inevitable. No single business model may suffice in future. The future will belong to hybrid business models, with different structures co-existing together.

We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following OPPI – SFE Committee Members : Mr. Rajan Tejuja, Chairman, OPPI SFE Committee and President & Executive Director, Johnson & Johnson Ltd. Mr. Vinay Gokhale,Vice Chairman, OPPI SFE Committee and Sales Training & Development Manager, Abbott India Ltd. Mr. Sekar Sabapathy, Member, OPPI SFE Committee and Senior Director – Cardiology & Hospital BU, Aventis Pharma Ltd. (Group Sanofi Aventis). Mr. Biplab Chatterjee, Member, OPPI SFE Committee and Vice President – Sales, Solvay Pharma India Ltd.

Mr. Partha Ghosh, Member, OPPI SFE Committee and Director, Commercial, Pfizer Ltd. Mr. Vivek Padgaonkar, Director, OPPI. ABoUt ims ConsUlting groUp: inflUenCing the fUtUre of gloBAl heAlth IMS Consulting Group (IMSCG) is the pre-eminent global life sciences consultancy. Distinguished by our sector and client focus, international reach, world-class methodologies and unrivaled talent, we provide clients with Powerful Insights that inform Smarter Decisions. Within IMSCG, we have a bold vision - To Influence the Future of Global Health!

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