Zitkala-Sa
(born 1876). A Sioux girl sent to a Quaker school at 8 years old who's braids were cut off by her teachers against her will in attempt of assimilating her.
guns and horses
What weapon and animal helped the natives travel farther and hunt more efficiently?
buffalo
most commonly hunted animal by natives
counting coup
the practice of touching a live enemy with a coup stick and escaping unharmed
- counting coup -killing his enemies -participating in war or raids
Name ways the natives gained honor and won prestige. (3)
pemmican
a native amaerican dish consisting of buffalo meat mixed with berries and fat
hunters...warriors
in native societies "young men traid to become________ and _______".
game... hides
in native societies "the women helped butcher ______ and prepare _____ that men brought back to the camp."
false
True or false: one person could lead the entire native american tribe
shamans
medicine men or women
true
True or false: Native American land was shared as a community.
false
True or false: Whites believed in sharing land as a community
gold ... silver
people hoped to find ____ and _____ when settling out west
Massacre at Sand Creek
(Nov. 29, 1864) The attack on 200 warriors and 500 women and children led by John Chivington.
General S. R. Curtis
"I want no peace until the Indians suffer more."
The Battle of the Hundred Slain / The Fetterman Massacre
The two names for the ambush on Captain William J. Fetterman by the Sioux warrior Crazy Horse that killed 80 soilders.
Great Plains
grasslands extending through the west central portion of the United States.
Treaty of Fort Laramie
the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation along the Missouri River; the treaty was forced upon the Sioux leaders.
Sitting Bull
Sioux leader, A.K.A. Tatanka Iyotanka, that did not sign the Treaty of Fort Laramie; most famous for his battle at Little Bighorn; responsible for the death of George Armstrong Custer; killed by N.A. police at Standing Rock Reservation in December 1890.
Red River War
(1874-1875) from years of raiding, this war broke out between the Kiowa and Comanche; U.S. Army leads neighboring tribes into reservations and kills remaining the men of remaining tribes.
George A. Custer
responsible for starting a gold rush in the Black Hills; (1876) killed by Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull
Sioux leader that appeared in William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody's Wild West show
Helen Hunt Jackson
author of the book "A Century of Dishonor"
assimilation
a plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become a part of white culture
Dawes Act
gave some reservation land to individual Native Americans- 160 acres to each head of the household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult; aimed to "Americanize" Native Americans; 2/3 of land sold to settlers; Native Americans never receive money from sale of the land.
buffalo
white settlers shot this animal for sport, supporting the downfall of this species and food source for Native Americans
ghost dance
a ritual meant to restore Native American lands and Ways of life; led to Sitting Bulls arrest and death
the seventh calvary
George A. Custer's old regiment
Battle of Wounded Knee
The Seventh Calvary slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans including several children; corpses were left to freeze on the ground
longhorn
a breed of sturdy cattle brought by the Spanish to Mexico accustomed to the dry lands
vaquero
another name for a cowboy; cattle driver
chaparreras (chaps)
leather overalls
Chisholm Trail
the major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas through Oklahoma to Kansas
25 ... 12
___% of cowboys were African American; ___% were Mexican
long drive
overland transport that normally lasted 3 months
Martha Jane Burke (Calamity Jane)
a woman expert sharpshoot who dressed as a man and may have scouted for George Custer
James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok
a violent man shot while holding a pair of aces and a pair of eights in a poker game... "dead mans hand"; a spy and scout during the civil war
barbed wire
invented by Joseph F. Glidden