U.S. History Chapter 2 Test

poor immigrants paid for their trip to America by agreeing to work for 4-7 years

economy in England improved

-landowners need more people to grow crops -fewer indentured slaves=slave owners turn to buying slaves for workers

-indentured servants -could vote and own land and slaves after they were freed

-colonial governments pass laws supporting permanent enslavement -once legalized, slavery dramatically increased

-slaves sold at actions; separated families -few earned freedom -some ran away -many worked until they died

more work demanded from slaves-they were abused

-faked being ill -broke tools

building wealth and power for a nation or country by manufacturing(making) goods, exporting and selling goods for gold and silver

-sell more than you purchase *accumulate more gold and silver -export more than you import -import less from your competitors to drive them out of business

colonized America to get raw materials

-put poor people to work *cheap labor -turned raw materials from America into goods in factories in England -sold goods in other countries

-bear arms -trialed by jury -free elections -freedom of speech -subjects can petition the king -no cruel of unusual punishment -no taxation without Congress agreeing

-document created by the nobility for the nobility in England -limit government and power of the monarch -limited taxation; House of Lords voted on taxes

1King 2Parliament

-House of Lords(nobility) -House of Commons(commons) Parliament makes the laws

-passed by Parliament -limited the power of the King or Queen -law of the English subjects and American colonists -many of the same principles included in the U.S. Constitution

Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights

new ideas and ways of thinking-problems can be solved by human reasoning (not just in God's or government's control)

life, liberty, and property

-religious movement in the colonies -inspired by evangelical preaching -preachers spoke of personal religious experience -rejected Enlightenment views -not everything was in the hands of humans(God was still in control)

-inspired Benjamin Franklin to create new inventions and write books -John Locke

-new churches -increased religious tolerance -personal freedoms

-British spent a lot of money -King George III and Parliament wanted colonists to help pay for the war

-passed by Parliament -enforced taxes already in place on molasses -made people pay taxes who were trying to avoid paying taxes

required colonists to house and give supplies for soldiers after the F&I War

-passed by Parliament -required colonists to pay taxes on all printed materials -first direct tax on the colonists

-no one in Parliament represented the colonists so they became very upset -Parliament thought colonists were being selfish

-violence -wrote fliers/posters/pamphlets -formed groups/organizations -speeches -boycott

-Stamp Act repealed -tax collectors quit -British lost business

-imposed taxes on imports -riots begin in the colonies

-colonists threw rocks and snowballs at the British soldiers guarding a custom's house -British soldiers fired their guns -killed 5 people -colonial political leaders begin to organize

-only allowed a British tea company to not sell tea with a tax -Dec. 3, 1772 Boston Patriots dressed up as Indians and boarded 3 British ships and threw the tea overboard

Parliament passes Coercize Acts and Intolerable Acts

closed Boston Ports

-forced colonists house troops -changed colonial governments and boundaries

-representatives from every colony except Georgia -met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -boycott all British imports -set up new governments -unite

-colonists set up their own government to govern Massachusetts=Gage left out -colonists began stock-piling arms and ammunition

-April 19, 1775 -Gage sends troops to arrest the colonists who started the new government - take away the weapons stockpile in Concord -Paul Revere tipped off colonists by riding through the country to warn people the British were coming

-local militia -drove the British back to Boston

Patriot colonists who volunteered to help

-met in Philadelphia -May 1775 -all colonies were represented -Congress took responsibility for the war -appointed George Washington as commander of the army

colonists who wanted to be free of British rule and did not want to fight a war

colonists who wanted to be free of British rule and would fight or be in the militia

-written by Thomas Paine -convinced many colonists to support the war

-independence -division between central and state government(republican state government) -uniting the states -leaders elected by the people -opportunity for everyone

-spring 1776 Continental Congress selects committee to draft a document declaring independence -approved on July 4, 1776 -Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration

-list of British abuses -"all men are created equal" -included the natural rights -government could not take away natural rights -declared the colonies were separating from the British

-Quartering Acts -mock trials for soldiers in the Boston Massacre

-using old military strategies -Patriots were motivated -did not take colonists seriously as enemies -did not support Loyalist militias

-motivated -used new military strategies -George Washington would retreat and fight another day strategy -Thomas Paine's Common Sense -assisted by French and Spanish

-Americans led by Benjamin Franklin negotiated the treat with Britain

-America was independent of Britain -America secured territory all land east of the Mississippi River (except Florida and the gulf coast)

-many loyalists fled to British America (Canada) -slaves who fought with the British were re-enslaved -Indians lost all their territory

-slaves who fought with the Patriots were freed -some northern landowners sold their slaves to the south -northern states freed their slaves -many northern states would outlaw slavery