Thomas Malthus
The Essay on the Principle of Population, written by the Englishman _____, directly influenced Jefferson's thinking about growth. John Locke Thomas Malthus Adam Smith Jeremy Bentham
Missouri Compromise
The agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery above north latitude 36°30' was the _____. Rush-Bagot Treaty Treaty of Ghent Mason-Dixon Line Missouri Compromise
Panic of 1819
A delayed reaction to the end of the war of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars, the _____ forced Americans to come to terms with their economic place in a peaceful world. Era of Good Feelings Tariff of 1816 Panic of 1819 Embargo Act
Tenskwatawa
In 1805, _____, known as The Prophet, began preaching a message of Native revitalization, encouraging native peoples to reject all Euro-American culture. Tecumseh Pontiac Black Hoof Tenskwatawa
James Monroe
The Era of Good Feelings, a seemingly non-partisan period after the collapse of the Federalist Party, coincided with the presidency of _____. John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe
Treaty of Ghent
The _____, signed in December of 1814, ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, and sealed the fate of the remaining native tribes east of the Mississippi. Treaty of Paris Rush-Bagot Treaty Treaty of Ghent Treaty of New Orleans
reexports
In the 1790's, despite of British and French efforts to prevent the practice, _____ amounted to half of the profits in the booming American shipping trade. imports exports reimports reexports
Nullification
_____ is a constitutional doctrine that a state has a legal right to declare a national law null and void within its borders. Dismissal Nullification Anti-Federalism Modification
Aleut Revolt
Russian abuse and brutalization of Native Americans led to the _____ of 1766. Aleut Revolt Pueblo Revolt Natchez Revolt Tlingit Revolt
American System
The program of government subsidies to promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition was known as the _____. American System Nationalist System Federalist System Monroe Doctrine
Tecumseh
The Shawnee chief _____ succeeded in molding Tenskwatawa's religious following into a powerful pan-Indian military resistance movement. Little Turtle Black Hoof Tecumseh Pontiac
6,000
At least _____ American citizens suffered forced impressments into the British navy between 1803 and 1812. 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Under the leadership of _____, the French colony of Saint-Domingue became North America's first independent black nation. Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville Toussaint L'Ouverture Julien Fédon Joseph Chatoyer
midnight judges
In one of his last acts as president, John Adams appointed the _____, setting the stage for the landmark Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison. eleventh-hour judges lame-duck judges midnight judges last-minute judges
Monroe Doctrine
The _____ stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization and that the United States would not interfere in the internal affairs of European nations. Treaty of Ghent Monroe Doctrine Rush-Bagot Treaty Treaty of Paris
Black Hoof
After 1794, the Shawnee chief _____ tried to retain tribal lands by accepting acculturation into American culture. Tecumseh Black Hoof Tenskwatawa Little Turtle
Haiti
After its independence from French rule, Saint-Domingue became known as _____. the Dominican Republic St. Vincent Haiti Grenada
Marbury v. Madison
Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in _____ helped establish an independent court system and the principle of judicial review. Stuart v. Laird Talbot v. Seeman Fletcher v. Peck Marbury v. Madison
Tippecanoe
While William Henry Harrison claimed victory at the Battle of _____, in truth the battle was inconclusive and only raised concerns of Indian attacks supported and encouraged by the British. Tippecanoe Chippewa Black Rock Lundy's Lane
Republican Agrarianism
Jefferson's political philosophy, _____, envisaged a nation of small family farms clustered together in rural communities. Republican Agrarianism Federalism Republican Democracy Manifest Destiny
Hinton Helper
In his 1857 book, The Impending Crisis, _____ of North Carolina attacked slavery, indicating the growing tensions between whites of different socioeconomic classes in the South. Alexander Stephens Edmund Ruffin Hinton Helper Sam Watkins
55%
By 1850, _____ of all slaves were engaged in cotton growing. 55% 65% 75% 85%
yeoman
Although _____ sometimes owned slaves, in general they and their families worked the land by themselves. peasants serfs yeoman freeholders
Black Codes
Laws passed by states a municipalities denying many rights to free black people were known as _____. Slave Codes Black Codes Freemen Codes Manumission Codes
Reverend Richard Allen
In 1816, _____ joined with other African American ministers to form the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Reverend Theodore S. Wright Reverend Absalom Jones Reverend Amos Noë Freeman Reverend Richard Allen
Exposure to Christianity made most slaves obedient and peaceful.
All of the following are true about religion and slavery EXCEPT _____. A variety of African religions survived in America. The Great Awakening introduced many slaves to Christianity. Most planters tried to control the religious life of their slaves. Exposure to Christianity made most slaves obedient and peaceful.
Second Great Awakening
As a result of the _____, a distinctive form of African-American Christianity took shape. rise of Sentimentalism Protestant Reformation Second Great Awakening Catholic Reformation
internal slave trade
More slaves (an estimated 1 million) were uprooted by the _____ than were brought to North America while the international slave trade was legal. admission of Texas as a state threat of slave uprisings internal slave trade threat of war with Mexico
gang system
The organization and supervision of field slaves into working teams was known as the _____. chain gang system gang system corvee system gulag system
Harriet Tubman
Escaped slave _____ made twelve rescue missions into the South and freed 60 to 70 slaves. Frederick Douglas Harriet Ann Jacobs Harriet E. Wilson Harriet Tubman
George Fitzhugh
In 1858, _____ asserted that slaves were the happiest and freest people in the world because all the responsibility for their care was borne by concerned white masters. Albert Taylor Bledsoe George Fitzhugh Edmund Ruffin Joseph C. Porter
Nat Turner's
The most prominent of the slave revolts white southerners feared was _____ revolt in 1831. Nat Turner's Denmark Vesey's Gabriel Prosser's John Brown's
William Lloyd Garrison
Militant abolitionist _____ began publishing the Liberator, the newspaper that was to become the leading antislavery organ, in 1831. Elihu Embree Peter Williams, Jr. Lewis Tappan William Lloyd Garrison
manumission
In spite of occasional instances of _____, a child born a slave was destined to remain a slave. enfranchisement discharge parole manumission
American slave population growth required the constant importation of new slaves.
All of the following are true about life and death among slaves EXCEPT _____. The mortality rate of slave children under five was twice that of white children. American slave population growth required the constant importation of new slaves Infectious diseases were endemic in the South. Malnutrition and lack of basic sanitation took a high tool on slaves.
James Henry Hammond
One of the first southern apologists to develop proslavery arguments was _____, elected a South Carolina congressman in 1834. James Henry Hammond Alexander Stephens James G. Birney Preston Brooks
Eli Whitney and Catherine Greene
The invention in 1793 of the cotton gin by _____ made cotton growing profitable. Eli Whitney and Catherine Greene Leo Baekeland and Ralph Baer Philo Farnsworth and John Bennett Fenn Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin
The near inevitability of separation meant that slaves lacked a strong kinship network.
All of the following are true about slave families EXCEPT _____. The near inevitability of separation meant that slaves lacked a strong kinship network. Slave owners encouraged marriage among slaves, but did not legally recognize it. Slave parents made great efforts to teach and protect their children. The internal slave trade made separation a constant danger.
The link between Southern slavery and Northern business developed after 1800.
All of the following are true about the economics of slavery EXCEPT _____. Worldwide demand for cotton supported slavery. Northern mercantile services, like insurance, were directly connected to slavery. The link between Southern slavery and Northern business developed after 1800. By 1860, cotton accounted for almost 60% of American exports.
industrial revolution
The insatiable demand for cotton was a result of the technological and social changes brought about by the _____. cotton gin industrial revolution westward expansion of America Panic of 1819
Panic of 1837
Jackson's Specie Circular, and British banks calling in their American loans, helped bring about the _____. Panic of 1837 Great Depression Panic of 1825 Great Recession
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
In _____, Chief Justice Marshall ruled that a state could not force natives to give up their land, but President Jackson simply ignored the ruling. Cohens v. Virginia McCulloch v. Maryland United States v. Hudson and Goodwin Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Democrats
The political party formed in the 1820s under the leadership of Andrew Jackson, the _____, favored states' rights and a limited role for the federal government. Republicans Whigs Jacksonian Republicans Democrats
Washington Irving
In 1819, _____ published The Sketch Book, a collection of short stories that immortalized such famous American characters as Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman. Herman Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne Washington Irving James Fennimore Cooper
Cherokees
Of all the Native tribes, the _____ took the most extensive steps to adopt white ways. Creeks Cherokees Chickasaws Choctaws
James Fennimore Cooper
The Leatherstocking novels (including The Last of the Mohicans) written by _____, established westward expansion as a serious and distinctive American literary theme. Herman Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne Washington Irving James Fennimore Cooper
Specie Circular
In July 1836, Jackson issued the _____ announcing that the government would accept land payments only in hard currency, helping to result in the Panic of 1837. Coinage Act Legal Tender Act Silver Act Specie Circular
Second American Party System
The _____, which we still have today, consists of two major political parties with at least some appeal among voters of all social classes in all sections of the country. First American Party System Second American Party System Third American Party System Fourth American Party System
Nullification Crisis
Brought about by the Tariff Act of 1832, the _____ was the most serious threat to national unity the United States had ever faced. Nullification Crisis Tariff Crisis Sectional Crisis Panic of 1837
Indian Removal Act
President Jackson's measure that allowed state officials to override federal protection of Native Americans was the _____. Greenville Treaty Indian Territory Act Indian Removal Act American System
Trail of Tears
The forced march in 1838 of Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma was known as the _____. Trail of Tears Spirit Walk Death March Cherokee Diaspora
Whigs
During the Bank War, Jackson's opponents, who had only been a loose coalition until then, came together and formally created a new political party called the _____. Republicans Democrats Whigs Copperheads
Henry Clay
Known as "the Great Pacificator," _____ worked to incorporate western desires for good, cheap transportation into national politics. John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster Charles Sumner Henry Clay
Bank War
The political struggle between President Andrew Jackson and supporters of the Second Bank of the United States was known as the _____. Bank War Bankers' Revolt Great Uprising Second American Party System
John C. Calhoun
South Carolinian _____ was identified with southern interests, first and foremost among which was the preservation and expansion of slavery. Hinton Helper John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster Henry Clay
Mexico
In 1821, after eleven years of revolts, _____ achieved its independence from Spain. Florida Mexico Texas Haiti
abolished slavery
In 1834, the British _____ causing economic collapse, the loss of local autonomy for its Caribbean colonies, and greatly unnerved the people of the American South. placed an embargo on Southern cotton resumed the international slave trade abolished slavery invaded the Caribbean
Daniel Webster
Senator _____ of Massachusetts became the main spokesman for northern commercial interests, supporting a high tariff, a national bank, and a strong federal government. Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster Preston Brooks
laissez-faire
Jackson's refusal to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States inaugurated the economic policy of _____, giving economic decision-making power to commercial interests. noninterference laissez-faire nonintervention laissez passer
Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson mostly ignored the members of his official cabinet and instead consulted with an informal group made up of Martin Van Buren and old western friends known as the _____. Kitchen Cabinet Brain Trust Advisory Board Inner Circle
Henry David Thoreau
Denouncing the materialism that led "the mass of men [to] lead lives of quiet desperation," _____ recommended a simple life of subsistence living that left time for spiritual thought. Ralph Waldo Emerson Margaret Fuller Henry David Thoreau Nathaniel Hawthorne
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The promoter of transcendentalism, and the author of Nature and Self-Reliance, was _____. Henry David Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson Margaret Fuller Herman Melville
individualism
Both sentimentalism and transcendentalism came about as reactions to _____, a byproduct of the industrial revolution in the United States. individualism romanticism pragmatism realism
family mills
In the early days of industrialization, the most common type of factories were called _____, built on swift running streams near existing farm communities. Lowell mills Slater mills family mills farm mills
Robert Fulton
The inventor of the steamboat was _____. DeWitt Clinton Cyrus McCormick Robert Fulton Samuel Slater
market revolution
The _____ was the outcome of three interrelated developments: rapid improvement in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization. market revolution putting-out system family mill agricultural revolution
industrialization
The process known as _____involved the use of power-driven machinery to produce goods once made by hand. economization commercialization industrialization the American system
the putting-out system
The production of goods in private homes under the supervision of a merchant who provided raw materials and paid a set sum for each finished piece was known as _____. the American System the market revolution the industrial revolution the putting-out system
commercialization
The replacement of household self-sufficiency (making things at home) and barter were replaced with the production of goods for a cash market in a process known as _____. economization commercialization mechanization industrialization
National Road
The federal government demonstrated its commitment to the improvement of interregional transportation by funding the _____ in 1808. Erie Canal National Road Transcontinental Railroad Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
the American System
A technique of production pioneered in the U.S. in the early 1800s that relied on precision manufacturing of interchangeable parts was known as _____. commercialization economization the Slater System the American System
New England Female Labor Reform Association
In 1845, out of the early strikes at the Lowell Mill came the _____, an organization that championed the ten-hour workday in Massachusetts. Knights of Labor New England Female Labor Reform Association Labor Association of Massachusetts Women's Labor Reform Society
reaper
Cyrus McCormick's _____ helped a farmer increase his harvesting speed from 3-4 acres a day to 12 acres a day. reaper seed drill steel plow tractor
Margaret Fuller
The author _____expressed her sense of women's wasted potential in her 1845 book Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Caroline Norton Mary Wollstonecraft Sarah Grimké Margaret Fuller
transcendentalism
Popularized by Ralph Waldo Emerson, _____ was a romantic philosophical theory that there was an ideal, intuitive reality transcending ordinary life. romanticism sentimentalism individualism transcendentalism
DeWitt Clinton
The Erie Canal was the brainchild of New York governor _____. DeWitt Clinton Robert Fulton Cyrus McCormick Samuel Slater
free labor
At the heart of industrialization in America was the notion of _____, the right of workers to seek another job that came to include beliefs in hard work, self-discipline, and economic independence. free labor the open shop sentimentalism transcendentalism
sentimentalism
While _____ sprang from a fear of the dangers of individualism, it rapidly hardened into a rigid code of etiquette for all occasions. transcendentalism romanticism sentimentalism impressionism
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
In 1830, the _____ opened with just 13 miles of track. Union Pacific Railroad Central Pacific Railroad Santa Fe Railroad Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Irish
The use of _____ immigrants to help build the Erie Canal foreshadowed the use of other immigrant populations on future heavy construction projects. German Irish Italian Chinese
American Colonization Society
Founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers, the _____ called for the gradual emancipation and removal of freed blacks from the U.S. to Africa. American Anti-Slavery Society United Trans-Atlantic Society International Migration Society American Colonization Society
Chinese
The largest immigrant population to arrive in California was the _____. Russians Chinese Mexicans Japanese
Shakers
The followers of Mother Ann Lee, who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living, were the _____. Quakers Shakers Mormons Millerites
Catholic
Most of the Irish and half of the German immigrants to the United States in the early 1800s were _____, an unwelcome novelty that caused a nativist backlash. Catholic Protestant communists exiled criminals
General Trades Union
In 1833, representatives from nine different craft groups formed the _____ of New York. Women's Labor Reform Association United Workers' Collective General Trades Union Knights of Labor
Seneca Falls Convention
The _____, held in upstate New York in 1848, was the first convention for women's equality and equal rights. Conference of Badasht Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Convention on the Political Rights of Women Seneca Falls Convention
Horace Mann
Uniformity in school curriculum, teacher training, and the grading of student classes by ability, pioneered by _____, quickly spread across the northern and western states. Horace Mann John Dewey Amos Bronson Alcott Isabel Briggs Myers
Mormons
The _____, after being driven out of New York, Ohio, and Missouri, finally established an isolated and self-governing community at Nauvoo, IL in 1839. Quakers Shakers Mormons Millerites
Theodore Weld
William Lloyd Garrison and _____ formed the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. Theodore Weld Fredrick Douglas Dorothea Dix Daniel Webster
Declaration of Sentiments
Passed at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, the _____ called for full female equality, including the right to vote. Declaration of Sentiments Married Women's Property Act Matrimonial Causes Act Equal Rights Amendment
Potato Famine
The agricultural and social calamity that befell Ireland from 1845-49 was the _____. colonization of Ireland by the British Holodomor Potato Famine Great Drought
immigration
One of the key aspects of urban growth was a surge in _____ that began in the 1820s and accelerated dramatically after 1830. life expectancy immigration emigration birth rate
Female Moral Reform Society
In 1834, New York evangelical women founded the anti-prostitution group _____. New York Female Benevolent Society Female Reclamation Association Female Moral Reform Society Tammany Society
Sarah and Angelina Grimké
Members of a prominent South Carolina slaveholding family, _____ rejected slavery on religious grounds and became the first well-known female public speakers in America. Martha and Anna Calhoun Catharine and Cornelia Clinton Lucy and Mary Harrison Sarah and Angelina Grimké
American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
The largest reform organization of the early 1800s, the _____ boasted more than 200,000 members by the mid 1830s. Teetotal Abstinence Society American Society for the Promotion of Temperance Woman's Christian Temperance Union Pioneer Total Abstinence Association
National Trades Union
In 1834, representatives from several local general trades unions organized the _____. Women's Labor Reform Association United Workers' Collective Knights of Labor National Trades Union
Germans and Irish
Between them, the _____ represented the largest influx of non-English immigrants the country had known. Swedish and Danish Italians and Greeks Spanish and Portuguese Germans and Irish
Liberty Party
The first antislavery political party was the _____ formed in 1840. Free Soil Party American Party Liberty Party Republican Party
Burned-Over District
The upstate New York area along the Erie Canal was so notable for its reform enthusiasm that it came to be known as the _____. Burned-Over District Great Disappointment Peoples' District Revival District
Dorothea Dix
Another dramatic example of the reforming spirit of the early 1800s was the asylum movement spearheaded by the evangelist _____. Theodore Weld Dorothea Dix Joseph Smith "Mother" Ann Lee
Sam Houston
The overall commander of the Texan forces during the Texas Revolution was _____. William Travis Sam Houston Stephen F. Austin James Fannin
Oregon Trail
The two thousand-mile trail that took American settlers to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah was known as the _____. Santa Fé Trail Oregon Trail Mormon Trail Pacific Trail
Gadsden Purchase
At a price of ten million dollars, the _____ added 30,000 square miles of Mexican land to the future states of Arizona and New Mexico in 1853. Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Wilmot Proviso Gadsden Purchase
Comanches
The native tribe that lived in the north and west parts of Texas, raided small Texas settlements, and even struck deep into Mexico was the _____. Hopi Lakota Comanches Kiowa
rendezvous system
In 1824, William Henry Ashley developed the _____ where trappers of all nationalities gathered to trade, drink, and gamble. American system rendezvous system gathering system conclave system
Antonio López de Santa Anna
The president of Mexico and field commander of the Mexican forces during the Texas Revolution was _____. Antonio López de Santa Anna Vicente Filisola Martín Perfecto de Cos Juan Almonte
San Jacinto
After the Battle of _____, Santa Anna was forced to sign documents recognizing Texan independence, but the Mexican Congress repudiated it. Coleto Creek Goliad San Jacinto Gonzales
Winfield Scott
In September 1847, American forces under General _____ took Mexico City and the Mexican-American War came to an end. Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor Stephen W. Kearny William B. Ide
manifest destiny
The doctrine, first expressed in 1845, that the expansion of white America across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God was known as _____. manifest destiny American imperialism American exceptionalism Young America
popular sovereignty
A solution to the question of the expansion of slavery by which territorial residents, not Congress, would decide whether or not to permit slavery in their state was known as _____. the Wilmot Proviso an enclave manifest destiny popular sovereignty
"Civil Disobedience"
To protest the Mexican-American War Henry David Thoreau refused to pay his taxes, went to jail, and wrote _____ justifying the individual's moral duty to oppose an immoral government. "Notes for Officers and Soldiers" "Civil Disobedience" "Strike Against War" "Washington Bullets"
Santa Fé Trail
The 900-mile trail opened by American merchants for trading purposes following Mexico's liberalization of the formerly restrictive trading policies of Spain was known as the _____. Oregon Trail New Mexico Trail Santa Fé Trail Albuquerque Trail
Tejanos
In the 1800s, persons of Spanish or Mexican decent born in Texas were known as _____. Correct Answer Tejanos Latinos Hispanics Mexicanos
Californios
In the early 1800s, Californians of Spanish decent were known as _____. Californios Tejanos Latinos Mestizos
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
In the _____ ending the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded its northern provinces of California and New Mexico, and accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary of Texas. Treaty of Aranjuez Adams-Onís Treaty Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty of Córdoba
Russians
The first outsiders to penetrate the isolation of Spanish California were _____. British Russians Chinese Americans
Wilmot Proviso
While eventually deleted from the bill it was attached to, the debate and voting on the _____ in Congress laid bare the staunch sectional interests that would lead to the Civil War. Gadsden Purchase Mexican Cession Wilmot Proviso annexation of Texas
the Alamo
The Franciscan mission in San Antonio that was the site of a siege and massacre of Texans and Tejanos by Mexican troops in 1836 is known as _____. San Jacinto the Presidio San Patricio the Alamo
James K. Polk
The President of the United States during the Mexican-American War was _____. Franklin Pierce Millard Fillmore Zachary Taylor James K. Polk
John O'Sullivan
In 1845, newspaperman _____ argued that Americans had a God-given right to expand west and bring the benefits of democracy to Mexicans and Indians - by force if necessary. Horace Greeley Edwin de Leon George Henry Evans John O'Sullivan
Ostend Manifesto
An offer to purchase Cuba from Spain by members of the Pierce administration that was a mixture of cajolements and threats was known as the _____. Ostend Manifesto XYZ Affair Zimmerman Note Soulé Memorandum
Compromise of 1850
The four-step plan that admitted free California, allowed for popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah, ended slave trading in D.C., and passed the fugitive slave law was the _____. Compromise of 1850 Wilmot Proviso Kansas-Nebraska Act Ostend Manifesto
Fredrick Douglass's
The strongest social critique of the 1850s was _____ starkly simple autobiography, which told of his brutal life as a slave. W.E.B. Du Bois's Booker T. Washington's Fredrick Douglass's Langston Hughes
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The law passed in 1854 that left the question of slavery in their states up to the residents of Kansas and Nebraska, thereby repealing the Missouri Compromise was the _____. Fugitive Slave Law Kansas-Nebraska Act Wilmot Proviso Great Compromise
Stephen A. Douglas
Senator _____ was the leading contender for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1860 when he and Abraham Lincoln held a series of debates in their home state of Illinois in 1858. Stephen A. Douglas Jefferson Davis Alexander Stephens Salmon P. Chase
American Party
Formed in 1850, the _____ gave political expression to the nativist feelings of the period. American Party Republican Party Whig Party Liberty Party
filibusters
Members of the "Young America" movement that invaded Caribbean and Central American countries were known as _____. border ruffians locofocos Quantrill's Raiders filibusters
nativism
The breakup of the Whig Party touched off one of the strongest bursts of _____ in American history, thus giving rise to the short-lived American Party. sentimentalism patriotism expansionism nativism
Know-Nothings
Because of the secret fraternal societies that formed the core of the American Party, the popular name for the party's members was _____. Illuminati Know-Nothings Bowery Boys Copperheads
Dred Scott v. Sanford
The Supreme Court decision in the case of _____ stated that slaves could not be U.S. citizens, and that Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery in the territories. Marbury v. Madison Strader v. Graham Hotchkiss v. Greenwood Dred Scott v. Sanford
Harriet Beecher Stowe
The most successful American novel of the mid-1800s was Uncle Tom's Cabin by _____. Louisa May Alcott Margaret Fuller Laura Ingalls Wilder Harriet Beecher Stowe
American Renaissance
The effort of American writers to find distinctive American themes finally bore fruit in the 1850s in a burst of creative activity called the _____. Harlem Renaissance American Renaissance Pragmatism American Idealism
Panic of 1857
Because it affected cotton exports less than northern exports, Southerners saw the _____ as proof of the superiority of their economic system. Panic of 1837 Panic of 1857 Walker Tariff Tariff of 1857
Fugitive Slave Law
Part of the Compromise of 1850 that required Northern authorities to assist Southern slave catchers in returning runaway slaves to their owners was known as the _____. Wilmot Proviso Fugitive Slave Law Ostend Manifesto Kansas-Nebraska Act
"Young America" movement
Members of the _____ invaded Caribbean and Central American countries usually with the declared intention of having them annexed to the U.S. as slave states. Borden Ruffians American Party "Young America" movement Copperheads
border ruffians
Proslavery Missourians that crossed the border into Kansas to openly participate in election fraud and violent voter intimidation against antislavery Kansans were known as _____. filibusters locofocos border ruffians empresarios
Lecompton Constitution
The proslavery draft of the Kansas state constitution in 1857 was known as the _____. Lecompton Constitution Wichita Constitution Lawrence Constitution Abilene Constitution
Harpers Ferry, Virginia
John Brown raided the federal arsenal at _____ in 1859 with the objective of sparking a massive slave revolt across the South. Richmond, Virginia Savannah, Georgia Harpers Ferry, Virginia Charleston, South Carolina
Jefferson Davis
The President of the Confederate States of America was _____. Alexander Stephens Robert Toombs Stephen Douglas Jefferson Davis
Republican Party
Supporters of the new _____ included former Northern Whigs, Free-Soil Party supporters, and Northern reformers concerned with temperance and Catholicism. Democratic Party Liberty Party Republican Party Constitutional Union Party
Radical Republicans
As the war continued, _____ gained strength, pushing for emancipation and harsh treatment of the defeated South. War Democrats Radical Republicans Whigs Copperheads
Glorieta Pass
Confederate General Henry H. Sibley's invasion on Colorado in 1862 was defeated at the Battle of _____. Valverde Sand Creek Honey Springs Glorieta Pass
Legal Tender Act
The _____ of February 1862 created a national currency. National Bank Act Gresham's Law Morrill Tariff Act Legal Tender Act
United States Sanitary Commission
In June 1861, Lincoln created the _____ to investigate and advise the Medical Bureau, and to instruct soldiers in such matters as water supply, placement of latrines, and safe cooking. United States Sanitary Commission Women's Central Association for Relief United States Christian Commission Western Sanitary Commission
Homestead Act
The _____ gave 160 acres of public land to any citizen who agreed to live on the land for five years, build a house, cultivate some of the land, and pay a small fee. Morrill Land Grant Act Homestead Act Donation Land Claim Act Land Act
National Bank Act
The _____ prohibited state banks from issuing their own notes and forced them to apply for federal charters. National Bank Act Gresham's Law Morrill Tariff Act Legal Tender Act
George B. McClellan
The Union general that was in command during the Peninsular Campaign in 1862 was _____. George B. McClellan George Meade Phil Sheridan Winfield Scott
Vicksburg
The turning point of the war in the west was the fall of _____. Fort Donelson Fort Henry Shiloh Vicksburg
Antietam
Lee's invasion of Maryland in 1862 was halted at the Battle of _____. Fredericksburg Gettysburg Antietam Chancellorsville
Fort Sumter
Even before the attack on ____ that began the Civil War, the Confederate Congress had authorized calling up 100,000 volunteers. Fort Henry Fort Sumter Fort Donelson Fort Macon
Anaconda Plan
The initial Northern strategy, the _____, envisaged slowly squeezing the South with a blockade at sea and on the Mississippi River. Constrictor Plan Great Snake Plan Stranglehold Plan Anaconda Plan
Copperheads
Northern war dissenters and those suspected of aiding the Confederate cause were known as _____. Copperheads Bourbon Democrats Doughfaces Red Strings
Fort Pillow
In 1864, Confederate soldiers massacred 262 black Union soldiers at _____ after they had surrendered. Fort Henry Fort Macon Fort Pillow Fort Donelson
Thirteenth Amendment
The Constitutional amendment that freed all slaves in the United States was the _____. Twelfth Amendment Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment
Gettysburg
The turning point of the war in the east was the Battle of _____. Antietam Cedar Mountain Gettysburg Petersburg
Morrill Land Grant Act
The ____ gave states public land that would allow them to finance land-grant colleges. Donation Land Claim Act Homestead Act Morrill Land Grant Act Land Act
Seven Days
In a series of battles known as the _____, Robert E. Lee inflicted heavy losses on McClellan's army and forced him to abandon the Peninsular Campaign. Wilderness Seven Days Anaconda Plan Seven Pines
Andersonville, Georgia
Malnutrition and poor shelter made prisoner of war camps breeding grounds for disease, the most shocking example of which was the Confederate camp at _____. Belle Isle, Virginia Blackshear Prison, Georgia Danville Prison, Virginia Andersonville, Georgia
West Virginia
Each of the following were border states that did not secede from the union at the beginning of the Civil War EXCEPT _____. Missouri Maryland West Virginia Kentucky
Emancipation Proclamation
The decree freeing slaves in all Confederate states still in rebellion in January 1863 is known as the _____. Emancipation Proclamation Thirteenth Amendment Slavery Abolition Act Special Field Orders, No. 15