Who made up Washington's first cabinent?
Jefferson, Hamilton, Knox, Randolph
When was the bill of rights added to the Constitution?
1789
What were the first sources of revenue for the new gov?
Tariff of 1789
How was the first bank an example of implied powers of the constitution?
It gave the federal gov power
What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?
1791 Congress Tax
What were the nations first political parties?
Federalists and Republicans
How did they differ in political philosophy?
Federalists- strong national gov Republicans- smaller and local gov
What was the purpose of Jay's Treaty?
Prevent war with Great Britain and protect the US economy
What freedoms were won as a result of Pinkney's treaty?
Navigate Mississippi and use port of New Orleans
What was significant about Washington's farewell address?
Warned against sectionalism, political parties and dangers of being attached to any foreign nation
What infuriated the Americans into a "quasi" war with France?
French were stopping US ships
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts a result of?
"Quasi" War
What were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions?
Criticizing Alien and Sedition Acts
What political theory did each introduce to American politics?
interposition and nullification
Who won the election of 1800?
Jefferson
Why was the election of 1800 significant to the future of the American republic?
Before Federalists controlled everything
How did Jeffersons administration differ from Washington's and Adam's?
Integrated Republican and Federalist policies
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
Doubled the size of the us and gave control of the Mississippi river
What was significant about Lewis and Clark's expedition out west?
Path through the Rocky's and claim to Oregon
Who was John Marshall?
Chief justice of US
What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
Enabled the court power to declare laws unconstitutional or invalid
What military branch of the US was created to deal with the Barbary pirates?
The Marines
Why did the British practice impressment?
They needed more recruits so they would kidnap US sailors
What region of the US made up the "War Hawks" in congress?
South and West
Why did they want another war with England?
The nation's reputation was in danger and they wanted to stop British impressment of US sailors
How did the Americans manage to win the war of 1812?
Won battle of Lake Champlain and New Orleans
How did the US victory affect the overall moral of the nation?
Gave a strong national pride
What was the "era of good feelings" after the war or 1812 based upon?
James Monroe's presidency
What were the reasons behind the tariff of 1816?
To protect US manufactures by taxing imports
What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden?
Both strengthened the federal gov at states expense
What territories did the US gain as a result of the Adams-Onis treaty?
Western border of Louisiana purchase
What was the significance of the Monroe doctrine?
Policy of preventing European powers from interfering in Latin American political affairs
How did the Erie Canal revolutionize travel?
Connected Hudson
Who was Robert Fulton?
Invented steamboat
What were the key developments of the industrial revolution?
Factories and free enterprise system
How did free enterprise encourage industrialization?
Could acquire capital and decide how to use it
What was Francis Lowell's contribution to the process of industrialization?
Textile Mill Machinery
What concept did Eli Whitney's cotton gin popularize?
Interchangeable parts
How did industrialization contribute to the rise of large cities in the north?
People from farms and villages moved to towns
Why were labour unions beginning to emerge in the early 19th century?
Working conditions needed to be improved
Who made up the populations of the large northern cities in the 19th century?
Upperclass and farmers
What invention transformed southern agriculture?
Cotton gin
How did the demand for cotton strengthen the institution of slavery?
More workers needed more production
WHy did industrialization lag in the south?
Only 3 large cities, mostly plantations and villages
WHat was southern society centered around in the 19th century?
Plantations
How did slave systems of labor differ on small and large plantations?
Small-task system Large-gang system
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Went from a slave to leader of antislavery movement
What was the plight of free African Americans during the 19th century?
Bad treatment and needed to obtain special licenses
Who led the first major slave uprising in the US?
Gabriel Prosser
Who led the most famous slave uprising in the US?
Nat Turned
What were the specifics of the Missouri compromise?
Maine-free Missouri-slave
How did Henry Clay influence the election of 1824? Who won?
Managed the votes in return for a cabinet position , John Adams
Why was Adam's victory considered a "corrupt bargain" by Jackson?
Named Clay secretary of state
How did the expansion of suffrage affect voter turn out in the election of 1828?
More people voted
How was Andrew Jackson perceived by much of the populace that elected him?
Admired him and had similar orgins
What was the spoils system that Jackson created?
Giving gov jobs based on party loyalty
What political tradition was created by Jackson as a means of nominations future presidential candidates?
Cacus system
What issue was at the heart of the nullification crisis?
Tariff of abomination
How was the nullification crisis solved?
South Carolina exposition and protest
What was the Indian removal act?
Money for relocation Native Americans
What supreme court case overturned the Indian Removal Act?
Worcester v Georgia
What was Jackson's response to the Court's decision?
Considered it act of treason
What event was the result of the US policy toward Native Americans during this era?
Indian Removal Act
Why was the charter of a second national bank such a debated issue in Jackson's second term?
Jackson believed that it was unconstitutional
What political group emerged during Jackson's period in office specifically opposed to him?
Whigs
What president was elected in 1840 and died in office 32 days later?
Harrison
Where did the largest wave of immigrants come from between 1845-1850?
Germany and Ireland
Why did so many Germans immigrate to the US?
Violence and repression
Why did nativism become so strong in the mid 1850's?
People were Anti-Catholic
What was the basic message of the second great awakening?
Revive commitment to religion
What was Charles Grandison Finney's feelings about politics and society?
To each his own, used emotion
Who was the founder of the Mormon movement?
Joseph Smith
What type of society did the Shakers wish to create?
Utopian community
How did romanticism differ from rationalism?
Romanticism- feeling over reason Rationalism- reason over feeling
What was American romanticism called?
Transcendentalism
Who were some of the great American writers the emerged during the romantic period?
Emerson and Thoreau
What was the goal of the reform movement of the mid 19th century?
Create special institutions
What were benevolent societies?
Under a religious leader
What role did women play in the reform movement?
Wanted equal education
What was the goal of the temperance movement?
Moderate alcohol consumption
Who created the first model for public education?
Horace Mann