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Neolithic revolution domestication of plants and animals leads to surplus of food and denser populations which in turn leads to specializations

Jericho and Catal Huyuk settlements but not civilizations

Sumerians invent the wheel

bronze age (copper + tin)

Iron age

the americas

introduced monotheism in cultures that were predominantly polytheistic Ibrahim and Ikhnaten introduced monotheism into Mesopotamia and Egypt, though ancient Egyptians rejected Ikhnaten's ideas.

the Hittites bringing iron into Mesopotamia The importing of iron into Mesopotamia by the foreign Hittite is an excellent example of what diffusion is.

the Mandate of Heaven The Mandate of Heaven gave permission to the emperor to rule, a permission ultimately granted by the people.

They were a migratory group that spread their culture as they traveled For different reasons they fanned out from their homeland and spread their culture as they went, the Indo-Europeans into Europe and South Asia and the Bantu into Sub-Saharan Africa.

birth of islam

longest lasting chinese dynasty mandate of heaven ends around 256 BCE

Shi Huangdi- known as the first emperor of China Unifies China after the warring states period Legalism is the philosophy Builds tomb guarded by Terra Cotta warriors and starts the Great Wall Standardizes weights, measurements, currencies, laws and written language

Golden Age of China Establish the Silk Road Han (silk) and Romans (precious metals) trade Buddhism spreads to China via silk road

Based on teachings of Confucius (Analects) Government should be highly educated Created a government bureaucracy skilled and stable

Paper manufactured, sun dials, calendars, compass, rudder, seismograph, water powered mills

installed legalism: begining of the great wall his tomb was filled with the terra cotta warriors

product of the ming dynasty

Han dynasty established the silk road (connected the han dynasty across the mediteranean with rome) established the civil service exam (bureacracy based on merit) *advancements in technology

First to unify the Indian subcontinent Ashoka Spread Buddhism and kept it from dying out

Golden Age of India: Number system developed (Arabic numerals), concept of zero, concept of pi, Sanskrit flourishes, predicted eclipses, inoculation, surgeries and bone setting Not as centralized, smaller than the Mauryan Hinduism reasserted Major continuity throughout India

a strong example of patriarchal society in India

South Asia South Asia saw dramatic changes in the centralized and decentralized nature of political organization.

Confucianism Confucianism recognized the value of the scholar.

first to coin money

Cyrus the Great starts the Achaemenid Empire (Iran) Great Royal Road (1600 miles of roads comparable to eventual Roman roads) Capital Persepolis (comparable to Chang'an, Athens, Rome, Teotihuacan) Defeated by Greeks in Persian War (this developed the concept of East and West) and finally defeated by Alexander the Great of Macedonia

Adopted Phoenician alphabet City-states Athens- democracy, science, arts, philosophy, architecture (Parthenon) Sparta- military Culture- Olympics, mythology, epic poems of the Odyssey and Iliad, drama and comedy, development of philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) Aristotle model of Greek thought by use of logic

Conquered Greece and spread Greek culture known as Hellenism Empire facilitated interaction and spread of culture (Greece, India, Persia, and Egypt) Library of Alexandria in Egypt center of learning (good comparison to later Timbuktu, Mali) Geometry, medicine, anatomy, circumference of the earth, Pythagorean theorem, geocentric thought of Ptolemy

founded her own dynasty led first as regent in 683 CE became empress 690 CE deposed in 705 CE

shang 1600-1029 BCE zhou 1029-771 BCE warring states period 475-271 BCE qin 221-206 BCE Han 206 BCE-220 CE the three kingdoms period 220-280 CE sui 581-618 CE tang 618-907 CE song 960-1271 CE yuan 1271-1368 red turban rebellion 1351-1368 ming 1368-1644 Qing 1644-1911

THE ZHOU DYNASTY

THE BLOODY QIN DYNASTY not the zhou THE QIN this has been a passive aggressive message from annie to get a five dot com thank you

356-323 BCE destroyed the persians, also introduced the idea of absolute monarchy to the greco roman world spread greek culture all the way to india (egypt persia india)

antigonids, ptolemies, seleucids

Roman Republic Senate, Twelve Tables (comparable to Hammurabi's law code) Military domination and expansion with the Punic wars

Julius Caesar killed (44 BCE), Octavian Augustus becomes emperor Empire stretches from England to Middle East Pax Romana (Roman peace) Comparable to Golden age of Athens, later Pax Mongolica and Pax Tokugawa of Japan Law- innocent unless proven guilty by court Engineering (Coliseum), aqueducts Roads (comparable to Persian royal road and later Incan roads) Roman culture influenced by Greek cultural diffusion

Both Greek and Roman society heavily dependent on slavery (comparison to Chinese dependency on the peasants)

Rome traded precious metals with the Han for silk

the golden age of athens caused by the victory in the persian war

athens v.s. sparta leads to weakening of greece and allows for phillip of macedonia to take over (macedonnia is a little north of greece)

law and engineering

Rome v.s. hannibal? (silence of the lambs anyone) allow for roman expansion

roman peace is the golden age of rome concept of innocent until prove guilty innovations in engineering ex. the coliseum dev. of roads

Alexander the Great As Alexander swept across the Middle East and South Asia, he melded several cultures.

industrial development Slavery made human labor inexpensive and discouraged the development of mechanical methods of output.

the buddha is divine

founders of rome :)

senatus populusque romanus = the senate and the people of rome

small group of aristocratic families and the rest

egypt and ethiopia

Bantu migrations

blending (in this context its a blending of cultures)

built on trade examples include Kilwa Mombasa Sofala and Mozambique their goods were based on gold ivory salt and slaves

a mix between bantu and arabic languages

shows diffusion of malaysiz into sub saharan africa. bananas are a high aloric food so it allowed for population growth

Ghana was known for its gold and becoming islamic (this was due to the subsaharan trade; they were introduced to merchants)

founder of the Mali empire (comparable to Ghengis khan?)

most famous of Mali rulers; he took gold and slaves and since he was islamic went on his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 he threw out so much gold in Cairo that he inflated the economy think the mosque at Jenne GOLD AND SALT!

Islamic empire, knocked out by some dudes

spread iron farming and language

mayas? remember the maya were warring city states much like the greeks, they also sacrificed slaves

language and writing (comparable to egyptian glyphs) mayan calendar also came up with the placeholder of 0 (remember the gupta empire) also has architecture including Tikal and Chichen Itza

It was a model city. significance with aztecs?

began during the roman han times was the first golden age. second was during the tang/song dynasty, the third is the mongols. buddhism spreads along the silk road

flourishing trade centered around india linked india east africa and

made possible by the camel around first century CE

camel saddle allows camel carry more, so trade explodes

the bantu!

silk road, indian ocean trade, trans saharan trade route

ivory Ivory was the item transported across the Indian Ocean during this timeframe.

central mexico

extended agriculture into water. aztec tecnique

modern day peru

similar to the egyptians

a record keeping system invented by the inca

largest continuous land empire to exist reestablished the silk road to allow for the pax mongolica they were also religiously tolerant they never took japan and they never took egypt

think 1200s