World History – Chapter 10 vocab words

groups of nomadic people in Arabia

the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)

the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace

Original name of the city of Medina

the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era (first year of the Muslim calendar).

City to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers escaped to in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231)

a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and is the most sacred Muslim shrine. It is where Muslims go for their pilgrimage.

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

(Islam) a Muslim place of worship;

the fifth pillar of Islam. A pilgrimage to Mecca to participate in ceremonies commemorating actions of Muhammad and Abraham.

a holy struggle in God's service. Can be personal, or as a holy war.

the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and examples of Mohammed

1st Muslim leader, Caliph, after Muhammad. An early convert to Islam and father in law to Muhammed.

the political leader of the religious community. Successor of Muhammed.

one of the two main branches of Islam. The majority of Muslims are Sunnis. They believe that not only the relative of Muhammad but true follower of Quran should be the leader.

a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs. Only the relative of the Muhammad should be the king

a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through mystics, such as prayer, fasting, and rituals.

A dynasty that ruled and expanded the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established by Sunni Caliphs

A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1258 sunni

capital and largest city of Iraq. Abbasid capital (moved it from Damascus, Syria)

slender towers of the mosques, loomed overhead

the ruler of a Muslim country

The ability of individuals to move from one social class to another through religious, scholarly, or military achievements.

Persian poet who wrote the Shah Namah, or Book of Kings, that told the history of Persia using Arabic script.

Famous poet, scholar and astonomer. Wrote The Ruabaiyat (four line stanzas).

the art of beautiful handwriting. a skill perfected by Muslims. decorates mosques and buildings

Muslim philosopher who put all knowledge (except Koran) to the test of reason. His work on Aristotle was translated in Latin and influenced Christian scholars.

An Arab scholar. Set standards for scientific study of history.

greatest Muslim mathematician. Pioneerd the study of algebra (al Jabr). Wrote math textbook that bcame standard in Europe.

medical thinker. wrote many books on medicine including study of measles and smallpox. challenged medical practices. Treat the mind as well as the body.

famous persian fhysician. Wrote Canon on Medicine a huge encyclopedia about diagnosing and treating diseases.

"Holder of power", in muslim ruler

Capital of the Mugal empire in Northern India

; local Hindu ruler in India

the unity of god, the brotherhood of man, the rejection of cast and futility of idol worship, founded by indian holy man, nanak

founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530.

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (Mughal=Mongol)

Greatest sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. Grandson of Babur, he created a strong central government earning the title of Akbar the Great

The wife of Jahangir who did most of the ruling, most powerful ruler in Indian History

Akbar's Grandson and king. ruled 1628-1658, built the Taj Majhal

A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.

Turkish speaking nomadic people who came from Central Asia and spread into NW Asia Minor and Eastern Europe.

Formerly Constantinople. Became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Ruled from 1520-1566. Ruler of the Ottoman Empire during its golden age.

the elite forces of the Ottoman military.

Dynasty united an empire in Persia (Iran). Located in between Mughal India and Ottoman Empire. They were Shitte Muslims.

Safavid king

Revived the glory of ancient Persia. Ruled from 1588-1629.

Capital of the Safavid empire.

Dynasty that emerged in the late 1700s which won control of Iran.

Capital of Qajars dynasty.