World History- Chapter 15, Renaissance and Reformation

an era of renewed interest and remarkable progress in art, literature, science, and learning in Europe, beginning in Italy in the 1300's

having a worldly (ordinary life) rather than spiritual (church life) focus

a movement that emphasized the possibilities of individual accomplishment and the almost limitless potential of the human mind

Italian aristocrat who wrote "The Courtier", which became a handbook for how to succeed in society

Florentine political philosopher and statesman who worte "The Prince", which advised rulers to separate morals from politics

ruler of Florence who was an important patron (financial supporter) of arts and learning

"Renaissance man" who became famous as a painter, architect, inventor, and engineer; painter of the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"

famous painter of both classical and religious subjects, and an accomplished architect

sculptor and painter, famous for works such as the Sistine Chapel, the statue "David", and the design of St. Peter's Cathedral

German man credited with the invention of movable type in the mid-1400's

priest and Christian humanist philosopher who wrote about the need for a simple Christian life without the rituals and politics of the church

English humanist who wrote "Utopia", a book that told about a perfect but nonexistent society based on reason

English playwright and poet; author of famous works such as "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Macbeth", and "A Midsummer Night's Dream"

Italian-born woman who wrote the first important work about the role women played in society

German artist who visited Italy in the late 1400's, learning techniques of realism and perspective, influencing later German Renaissance artists

Flemish painter who focused on landscapes and everyday life

a movement beginning in the 1500's to reform the Roman Catholic Church, which led to a split of the church between Catholics and Protestants

exchange of money for forgiveness of sin

critic of the Roman Catholic Church whose ideas sparked discussion about its practice and beliefs, and lead to the founding of Lutheranism

a government in which church and state are joined and whose officials are considered to be divinely inspired

important Protestant reformer whose writings became the basis of Calvinism

religious belief that states God has already decided who will go to heaven, and so nothing people do will change their fate

English king who broke with the Catholic Church in order to divorce his first wife

declared invalid based on church laws

queen who firmly established England's religion as Protestant, daughter of Henry VIII

reform movement within the Catholic Church

religious order which focused on the reform of the church, spirituality, service to others, education, and the further spread of Catholicism (also called the Society of Jesus)

founder of the Jesuits whose search for spiritual peace led him to give up his belongings and practice self-denial

meetings called by Pope Paul III to make a series of reforms to the church and clarify important teachings, took place between 1545 and 1563

archbishop of Milan who implemented the reforms decreed by the Council of Trent, such as building schools for priests

French missionary who returned the French district of Savoy to the Catholic church and founded a religious teaching order for women

Spanish nun who reformed the Carmelite order