Columbus
sailed for Spain in 1492
Cabral
claimed Brazil for Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
America named in his honor
Magellan
first voyage to successfully go around the world
Circumnavigate
go all the way around the world
Conquistadores
Spanish for "conquerors"
Cortez
Conquered the Aztecs
Pizarro
Conquered the Incans
Mestizo
mixed European and native heritage
Encomienda
forced labor system
Verrazano
discovered New York Harbor
Cartier
discovered the St. Lawrence River
Du Champlain
discovered what is now Quebec
Lasalle
Mississippi River valley
Jamestown, VA
first permanent English settlement
1607
year of Jamestown settlement
Pilgrims
landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts
1620
year of Pilgrim landing
Puritans
settled in Massachusetts Bay
1630
year of Puritan landing
Religious freedom
reason Pilgrims and Puritans came to America
Disease
invisible warrior that killed many natives
New Amsterdam
became New York when Dutch surrendered
Cheap labor
reason for start of slave trade
Triangular trade
trade cycle of raw materials > finished goods > Africans
Middle passage
treacherous journey from Africa to America
Generations
African societies lost their young members
Columbian Exchange
global transfer of goods, plants and animals
Capitalism
economic system based on private ownership
Joint-stock company
similar to a modern corporation
Mercantilism
economic theory that linked power and wealth
Balance of trade
favorable = sell more goods than they bought
Towns & Cities
grew due to economic revolution
Montezuma
Aztec leader killed by Spaniards
Atahualpa
Incan ruler captured and strangled