peninsulares
a Spanish-born member of the highest social class who dominated Latin American political and social life.
creole
a person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was an American-born descendant of Spanish settlers. reluctant to act.
mestizos
a person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was Native American and European descent.
mulatto
lived in Spain's colonies in the Americas, person was of African and European descent.
Simón Bolívar
a creole who traveled Europe. Inspired by "liberty, equality and fraternity". Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.
Toussaint L ' Ouverture
former slave who leads Haitians rebellion. Untrained, brilliant, and inspiring commander. Victorious in battle against Napoleon.
Father Miguel Hidalgo
a creole priest who strongly believed in freedom. Captured and executed.
Father José Morelos
a mestizo who called for wide-ranging social and political reform. Wanted to improve conditions for Mexicans, abolish slavery, and allow all men to vote. Captured and later shot.
José de San Martin
creole born in Argentina. Went to military to become trained. Helped Argentina become free from Spain. Worked with Bolívar.
Dom Pedro
the kings son who ruled Brazil. Accepted a constitution that provided freedom of press, religion, and an elected legislature.