conservatives
supported the political and social order that had existed before the French Revolution
liberals
spoke mostly for the bourgeoisie included business owners, bankers, and lawyers, as well as politicians, newspaper editors, writers, and others who helped to shape public opinion
nationalists
gave people with a common heritage a sense of identity and the goal of creating their own homeland. often bred intolerance and led to persecution of other ethnic or national groups
Karageorge
Serb leader that led a guerilla war against the Ottomans
Milos Obrenovic
led the serbs in a second more successful rebellion
ideology
system of thought and belief
universal manhood suffrage
right of all adult men to vote
autonomy
self-rule
Charter of French Liberties
constitution issued by Louis XVII that created a two house legislature and allowed limited freedom of the press
Charles X
younger brother of Louis XVIII strong believer in absolutism suspended the legislature, limited the right to vote, and restricted the press
Louis Philippe
the "citizen king" king that got along well with the liberal bourgeoisie
Louis Napoleon
nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte that became president
Louis Kossuth
led nationalists and demanded an independent government
Frankfurt Assembly
delegates from German states were supposed to create a constitution for Germany
Frederick William IV
person that was offered the crown but rejected it because it came not from the german princes but from the people
ultraroyalist
emigre noble or member of the clergy in France who opposed constitutional government and favored the restoration of the old regime
recession
period of reduced economic activity
Toussaint L'Ouverture
self-educated former slave Brilliant general, intelligent and skillful leader
Miguel Hidalgo
creole priest in Mexico who raised a cry for freedom that would echo across the land
el Grito de Dolores
"My children, will you be free? Will you make the effort to recover the lands stolen from your forefathers by the hated Spaniards 300 years ago?"
Jose Morelos
mestizo priest who called for wide-ranging social and political reform
Tupac Amaru
claimed to be a descent from Incan kings strongest challenge to Spanish rule by Native Americans
Simon Bolivar
educated creole who admired the French and American revolutions led an uprising that established a republic in his native Venezuela
Dom Pedro
son of a king that became emperor of an independent Brazil
peninsular
member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americas
creole
person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was an American-born descendant of Spanish settlers
mestizo
person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was of Native American and European descent
mulatto
in Spain's colonies in the Americas, person who was of African and European descent
truce
temporary peace