flapper
U.S. and Europe 1920's; a rebellious young woman
emancipation
freedom from restrictions
Prohibition
a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
speakeasies
or illegal bars
Harlem Renaissance
an African-American culture movement in 1920's and 1930's
spontaneously
caused by inner force; self-generated
Alexander Flemming
discovered penicillin
psychoanalysis
a method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders
abstract
composed only of lines, colors, and shapes
dada
artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers
surrealism
a movement that attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind.
suppressed
put down by forced; subdued
Maginot Line
massive fortifications built by France along the German border
Kellogg-Briand Pact
to renounce war as an instrument of national policy
disarmament
the reduction of armed forces and weapons
general strike
or strike by workers in many different industries at the same time.
affluent
rich; wealthy
overproduction
a condition in which the production of goods exceeds the demand for them
finance
the management of moneymakers including the circulation of money, loans, investments, and banking
Federal Reserve
the central banking system of the United States
Great Depression
a painful time of global economic collapse
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd president of the U.S.
New Deal
Roosevelt's massive package of economic and social programs
Mussalini
Italy's Fascist new leader in the early 1920's
Black Shirt
or party militants
March on Rome
where tens of thousands of Fascists swarmed towards the capital
proclaimed
announced officially
totalitarian state
a government where a one party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens
idealogy
a system of ideas that guides an individual, movement, or political program
facism
any centralized authoritarian government that is not communist whose polices glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights
command economy
in which government officials made all basic economic decisions
collectives
large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
kulaks
or wealthy farmers
Gulag
a system of brutal labor camps
socialist realism
artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by sharing Soviet life in a positive light
conform
to obey a set of standards
russification
or making a nationality's culture more Russian
atheism
or the belief that there is no god
access
a way of using
comintern
its purpose was to encourage world-wide revolution
Third Reich
German master race would dominate Europe for a thousand of years
Gestapo
Hitlers secret police
chancellor
or prime minister.
Ruhr Valley
coal-rich industrial region of Germany
passive
not active, nonviolent
Lebernsraum
or living space
Nuremberg laws
which deprived Jews of German citizenship and place and severe restrictions on them
final solution
the extermination of all Jews
regime
a government in power