World History Final Exam

the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services

idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

This is the 18th century book written by Scottish economist Adam Smith in which he spells out the first modern account of free market economies.

founder of modern communism

a person who starts up & takes the risk of a business

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium.

Policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war

Balkan penninsula area was nicknamed this because so many conflicts broke out there

Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare.

in World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

a war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

Led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian goverment during WWI

country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people

Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939

an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war

a reduction in a country's ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons.

Germany (Hitler) and Russia (Stalin) agree not to declare war on each other.

First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism.

treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control

states that are considered to be underdeveloped in terms of their economy or level of industrialization, globalization, standard of living, health, education or other criteria for 'advancements'.

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

an agreement in 1993 in which Israeli prime minister Rabin granted Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

a fundamentalist Islamic militia

In 1947, a United Nations resolution proposed that the Palestine Mandate should be divided into a Jewish state and an Arab state - The Jews then proclaimed the state of Israel on May 14, 1948

the PLO; terrorist group. political & military organization regarded as the sole representative of the Palestinian people; Political party and organization that fought for Palestinian rights

leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and his goal was the destruction of Israel

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel

(1967) Short conflict between Egypt and her allies against Israel won by Israel; Israel took over the Golan Heights , The West Bank of the Jordan River; and the Sanai Peninsula.

Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)

A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society

A Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995.

Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.

A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that circles the earth while carrying out experiments

the merging of regional economies in which nations become dependent on each other for goods and services

term used to describe the transformation of agriculture in many developing nations that led to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s.

Arab terrorist who established al-Qaeda (born in 1957)

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.