Renaissance
Improving the individual through education and classics
Protestant
Christian that broke away from the Catholic Church during Reformation
Reformation
Protestants wanting to change the Catholic Church
Huguenots
French Protestant
Inquisition
Catholic Church that triedProtestants
Secularism
Non-religious study
Individualism
Rebirth of classic culture and education
Indigenous
Native person
Columbian Exchange
Exchange of products between the Old and New worlds
Triangular Trade
Connected Europe, Africa, and Americas
Mercantilism
Economic Theory money = power European naitons followed to become self-sufficient
Commercial Revolution
Increase in European trade and colonization motivated by mercantilism
Maritime
Water trade route
Absolute Monarchy
Leader that had centralized rule based on divine right
Napoleonic Code
Law code in France based on Enlightenment ideas
Mestizo
Person of European and American descent
Viceroy
Provincial Governor (Spanish ruler in New World)
Balance of Power
No country in Europe should dominate others (Congress of Vienna)
Liberalism
Political Philosophy that supported enlightenment ideas and Revolutions
Conservatism
Political Philosophy that resisted change
Papal States
Central Italy controlled by the Pope
Relapolitik
Unethical ideals used by Bismarck in Germany
Industrial Revolution
People and machines brought together outside of home to mass produce goods
Facotry System
Shift from homemade goods to factory made goods
Urbanization
Growth of citeis
Labor Union
organization of workers demanding better conditions
Child Labor
Children worked in factories for low wages during industrial age until reform movement
Communism
Political Philosophy where state is above individual ruled by a totalitarian leader
Capitalism
Economic system where individual controls wealth
Nationalism
Extreme pride in country based on common identity
Imperialism
The extension of a nations power over other lands
Colony
One country has complete control over a territory
Protectorate
Country has exclusive trading rights with another country
Sphere of Influence
Country's government is heavily influenced by a foreign power
Alliances
Countries agreeing to protect each other if attacked (cause of WWI)
Militarism
Building up of a country's military
League of Nations
International peace keeping organizations established after WWI
Mandate System
Former colonies of defeated WWI states were administered by Allies until they could be granted independence
Repartatoins
Payment for war damages
Tariff
Tax on imported goods
Five Year Plan
Stalin's plan to industrialize Soviet Union
Collectivizaton
Stalin's plan eliminating private farms for government run farms
Fascism
economic theory where government controls wealth
Totalitarian
Government controls all aspects of society
Appeasement
Granting concessions to maintain peace
Isolationism
staying out of international conflicts (US policy before WWII)
Pacifism
Anti-war
Genocide
Purposefully killing a racial, ethnic, religious, or political group
Anti-Semitism
Hatred of Jews
Master Race
Believed by Hitler to be the Aryans
Final Solution
Plan to eliminate all Jews
United Nations
International cooperative peace keeping organization established after WWII
Iron Curtain
Symbol of the Cold War (when it comes down symbolized the end of the Cold War)
Marshall Plan
US aid plan to rebuild Western Europe after WWII
NATO
US and Western European alliance (becomes international alliance after Cold War)
Warsaw Pact
USSR and Eastern Europe alliance duringCold War
Containment
Prevent the spread of Communism
Berlin Wall
Figurative separation of Communism and Capitalism during Cold War (east and west)
Deterrence
Preventing conflict for fear of nuclear mutual destruction
Civil Disobedience
Refusing to obey unjust laws (non-violence)
Apartheid
Racial segregation in South Africa
Refugee
Person that fled home due to war, genocide, economic crisis
Developed Nation
Industrialized nation with advanced technology
Developing Nation
Nation with weak economy and lower standard of living
Interdependence
Countries relying on each other
European Union
European alliance that created common currency (euro)
NAFTA
North American free trade agreement
WTO
World trade organization
Terrorism
Use of violence to intimidate and coerce for political reasons