World History NCFE Review

territory in which people have developed organization

records, institutions, technology, specialization, advanced cities

process during which ideas, beliefs or goods spread from one group of people to another

process of embalming the dead to prevent decaying, utilized in Ancient egypt

major city in Indus River Valley, known for both its city planning and its plumbing system

area of land characterized by rich farmland in SW Asia, considered to be the "cradle of civilization"

religion with more than one deity or god

first written code of laws given by Babylonians after conquering Mesopotamia

form of government based on religious power or appointment from a deity, leader = divine figure

ruler of Egypt who had absolute power and was considered to be a god himself

first known civilization, developed the wheel and cuneiform, established on the Tigris an Euphrates Rivers

Group of people who migrated suddenly from the steppes into Europe, India, Africa and SW Asia

An Indo-European people group who settled in Anatolia but eventually migrated and forced Egypt to sign a peace treaty

Group f people who existed on the Indian subcontinent, possibly emerged from the Indo-Europeans, had caste system

collections of sacred writings produced by the Aryans, became the sacred text of Hinduism

the concept that actions and deeds cause the cycle of cause and effect ( good actions vs. bad actions -> impact on one's life)

state of perfect wisdom, aspired to by both Hindus and Buddhists

strict social structure that determines much of one's life, established at birth

religion based on Dharma (teachings of Siddhartha), the Eightfold path and the four noble truths

religion based on the Vedas, believes in reincarnation based on karma until one reaches enlightenment, like caste system

belief that people's spirits continue to be reborn into the world until enlightenment or nirvana is achieved

devotion to one's family, as emphasized by the Chinese philosophy of Confucianism

Abrahamic faith that points to Muhammad as the final prophet, requires followers to commit to its Five Pillars

teaches that humans are inherently evil, but that Jesus paid the penalty and offers eternal life through a relationship with him

state of release from pain and suffering, ends the cycle of reincarnation

the essence of Buddha's teachings identify the truth of suffering, cause of suffering, end of suffering, and path to end suffering

A 10-year war fought in which the Mycenaean army attacked the city of Troy

the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey, and I revered as the greatest of ancient Greek poets

a series of wars fought between the Persian Empire and the Greeks

a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies

a region located to the north of Greece, birthplace of Alexander the Great

a combination of Roman, Hellenistic and Greek cultures prominent within the empire of Alexander the Great, a blend of cultures formed during Alexander the Great's rule of Greece and the surrounding territories

a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society and morality

leader who conquered Greece, Egypt and Persian and was known for his ability to rule with tolerance

Persian king who fled from Alexander's army multiple times, his family was captured by Alexander yet protected

one of the two elected officials in the Roman Republic who was in control of the army and government

a series of three wars between Rome and Carthage, significant because it asserted the strength of a young Rome

a 200-year period of peace within the borders of the Roman Empire, began with the rule of Augustus

a member of Roman society who was a common farmer, artisan, or merchant; majority of the population

formally known as Octavian, consolidated power after the death of Marc Antony and called himself the "exalted one"

a member of Roman society who was part of the wealthy, privileged upper class

form of government in which power rests with the citizens to vote for their leaders/representatives

a group of three leaders who shared control of the Roman government (1st - Caesar, 2nd Augustus and Marc Antony)

Carthaginian leader who took his troops (with elephants) north to attack Rome

Roman emperor who converted to Christianity and ended the persecution with the Edict of Milan

Roman emperor, known for limiting personal freedoms (especially toward Christians) and dividing the empire

a powerful Hun chieftain credited with attacking and causing the eventual collapse of the Roman Empire

a pipe line or channel built to carry water to populated areas, the Romans utilized this for extensive empire

capital of the Easter Roman Empire (and later the Byzantines), named for the emperor who built it

holy text of Islam

Islamic body of law to regulate life of Muslims, based on Sunna and Qur'an

Islamic caliphates after period of civil war, Shi'a/Sunni split occurs as a result

Pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims

Islamic place of worship

located in Baghdad, center of advancement and education during Islamic Golden Age

Indian emperor, secured borders, increased trade and ushered in the Golden Age

the last prophet of Allah who became a political and military leader of the Muslims

Islamic deity

large cube structure in Mecca to which Muslims pray regularly

largest desert in the world, located in Africa

Branch of Islam whose members believe that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna

Aksum king who conquered territory and converted to Christianity

Supreme religious and political leader in Muslim government

branch of Islam whose members believe that only descendants of Muhammad are rightful rulers

Islamic caliphates, overthrew Umayyads, experienced Golden Age

India's second empire, experienced Golden Age of India

Religion based on Muhammad's teachings of the Five Pillars as directed by Allah

Early African kingdom, became large international trading center until Islamic invaders

Mauryan emperor converted to Buddhism, became non-violent & tolerant of other religions

Cyrus the Great (use of satraps), Darius the Great (Royal Road)

Egyptian golden age, Akhenaten, Tutankhamen, Ramses II

Indus River valley, indoor plumbing mysterious disappearance

Commissioned the Great Wall of China, burning of books, legalism

Extremely militaristic, conquered Phoenicians, conquered by Persians

Utilized the Silk Road, Empress Lu, Wang Mang

Early Mexico structured city-center at Monte Alban

Chariots, iron weapons, peace treaty with Egypt

Early Peru, mysterious lines that form images on the ground

Phonetic alphabet, purple dye, use of Carthage as a commercial shipping colony